The Relationship Between Observed and Perceived Measures of Balance Stability

Introduction Injurious falls have risen significantly in the past decade, raising concerns about the efficacy of fall prevention programs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between perceived and observed balance measures used in a falls prevention program. Methods Subjects (S) were 70 (F), 59 (F), and 73(M). They were taught the Rate of Perceived Stability (RPS), a perceived measure of balance intensity and completed the Berg Balance Test (Berg), Timed up and Go (TUG), and Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC). The Berg and TUG are observed measures and the ABC is a perceived measure. Last, subjects underwent Limits of Stability Testing (LOS), an observed measure allowing calculation of base of support (BOS) and center of mass (COM). Results The Berg predicted fall risk for S2 and 3 (2:51/56, 3:43/56). TUG results were well below age norms for S 1 and 3 (1: 12.1s, 3: 12.7s). S1 and 3 reported fear of falling; S 2 and 3 reported frequent falls. LOS testing showed S1 and 3 with minimal COM movement. Discussion S1, with a fear of falling, history of falls, and no fall risk, moved slowly and with minimal COM displacement. S2, with a fall risk and history of falls, moved with more COM excursion. S3, with a fall risk and history of falls, moved slowly with little COM excursion. Perceived versus observed clinical balance measures correlated well. LOS analysis was more complex, however, perceived RPS scores mirrored observed measures. This study provides initial feasibility data on this assessment protocol. Conclusion Perceived balance scores matched actual balance measures when overall excursion and movement speed were taken into account in this preliminary descriptive study.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2016/1018/thumbnail.jp

The Relationship Between Observed and Perceived Measures of Balance Stability

Introduction Injurious falls have risen significantly in the past decade, raising concerns about the efficacy of fall prevention programs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between perceived and observed balance measures used in a falls prevention program. Methods Subjects (S) were 70 (F), 59 (F), and 73(M). They were taught the Rate of Perceived Stability (RPS), a perceived measure of balance intensity and completed the Berg Balance Test (Berg), Timed up and Go (TUG), and Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC). The Berg and TUG are observed measures and the ABC is a perceived measure. Last, subjects underwent Limits of Stability Testing (LOS), an observed measure allowing calculation of base of support (BOS) and center of mass (COM). Results The Berg predicted fall risk for S2 and 3 (2:51/56, 3:43/56). TUG results were well below age norms for S 1 and 3 (1: 12.1s, 3: 12.7s). S1 and 3 reported fear of falling; S 2 and 3 reported frequent falls. LOS testing showed S1 and 3 with minimal COM movement. Discussion S1, with a fear of falling, history of falls, and no fall risk, moved slowly and with minimal COM displacement. S2, with a fall risk and history of falls, moved with more COM excursion. S3, with a fall risk and history of falls, moved slowly with little COM excursion. Perceived versus observed clinical balance measures correlated well. LOS analysis was more complex, however, perceived RPS scores mirrored observed measures. This study provides initial feasibility data on this assessment protocol. Conclusion Perceived balance scores matched actual balance measures when overall excursion and movement speed were taken into account in this preliminary descriptive study.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2016/1018/thumbnail.jp

Information Operations Under International Law: A Delphi Study Into the Legal Standing of Cyber Warfare

The ever-growing interconnectivity of industry and infrastructure through cyberspace has increased their vulnerability to cyber attack. The lack of any formal codification of cyber warfare has led to the development of contradictory state practices and disagreement as to the legal standing of cyber warfare, resulting in an increased risk of damage to property and loss of life. Using the just war theory as a foundation, the research questions asked at the point at which cyber attacks meet the definition of use of force or armed attack under international law and what impediments currently exist in the development of legal limitations on cyber warfare. The research design was based on using the Delphi technique with 18 scholars in the fields of cyber warfare and international law for 3 rounds of questioning to reach a consensus of opinion. The study employed qualitative content analysis of survey questions during the first round of inquiry in order to create the questions for the 2 subsequent rounds. The first round of inquiry consisted of a questionnaire composed of 9 open-ended questions. These data were inductively coded to identify themes for the subsequent questionnaires that consisted of 42 questions that allowed the participants to rank their responses on a Likert-type scale and contextualize them using written responses. Participants agreed that a computer attack is comparable to the use of force or armed attack under international law, but fell short of clearly defining the legal boundaries of cyber warfare. This study contributes to social change by providing informed opinions by experts about necessary legal reforms and, therefore, provides a basis for greater legal protections for life and property

Study of Meaning Gaps Between Six Selected Products and Corresponding Advertisements

Mass Communicatio

Informe técnico. Caso de estudio: Casa Radical "Ricardo Balbín" : Auditoría del funcionamiento higrotérmico de un edificio patrimonial de la época fundacional del Casco Urbano y su adaptabilidad a las reformas pertinentes para la arquitectura sustentable. Situación de verano

En marzo 2023 se realizó la auditoria edilicia de confort higrotérmico de la Casa Radical “Ricardo Balbín” con instrumental de medición para tal fin, captura de imágenes termográficas, medición del consumo de energía y una simulación de consumo energético en la situación original y con la aplicación de recomendaciones de reformas de diseño pasivo para lograr un confort con el menor consumo de energía posible. Se toma en cuenta que el edificio, en la situación original, no se encuentra en confort y, en sintonía, no tiene un consumo de energía considerable. Y las recomendaciones de reformas se plantean con el respeto al patrimonio del edificio construido a fines del siglo XIX. Los resultados de la simulación con las reformas son prometedores, viéndose una reducción del 54,65% de la energía requerida para climatizar el edificio en el verano en la situación actual tras realizarle las reformas recomendadas.Laboratorio de Arquitectura y Hábitat Sustentabl