The Extrusion Process as an Alternative for Improving the Biological Potential of Sorghum Bran: Phenolic Compounds and Antiradical and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity

Approximately 80% of sorghum phenolic compounds are linked to arabinoxylans by ester bonds, which are capable of resisting the digestion process in the upper gastrointestinal tract, compromising their bioaccessibility and biological potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the extrusion process on the content of phenolic compounds in sorghum bran and its impact on phenolic compounds and antiradical and anti-inflammatory capacity. Results revealed that the extrusion process increased total phenol content in sorghum bran compared to nonextruded sorghum, particularly for extrusion at 180°C with 20% moisture content (2.0222±0.0157 versus 3.0729±0.0187 mg GAE/g +52%), which positively affected antiradical capacity measured by the DPPH and TEAC assays. The percentage of inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW cells due to the presence of extruded sorghum bran extract was significantly higher than that of nonextruded sorghum bran extract (90.2±1.9% versus 76.2±1.3%). The results suggest that extruded sorghum bran could be used as a functional ingredient and provide advantages to consumers by reducing diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation

Characterization of Dietary Fiber Extracts from Corn (Zea mays L.) and Cooked Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Flours and Evaluation of Their Inhibitory Potential against Enzymes Associated with Glucose and Lipids Metabolism In Vitro

This research aimed to characterize dietary fiber (DF)-aqueous extracts from corn (commercial and Northwestern White Population) and common bean (cv. Bayo Madero) flour blends, evaluating their inhibitory effect on enzymes involved in glucose/lipid metabolism in vitro. Insoluble fiber showed the highest content of total phenolics, chlorogenic and ellagic acids being the main identified phenolics. Soluble fiber displayed the α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitions (20–25%). The results suggested that corn/bean DF is a functional ingredient to potentially alleviate obesity and type II diabetes

In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and simulated colonic fermentation of pistachio nuts determine bioaccesibility and biosynthesis of chronobiotics

Chronodisruption leads to obesity and other metabolic disorders that can be alleviated by food-derived potential chronobiotics, such as phytomelatonin (PMT), phenolic compounds (PCs) and dietary fiber rich pistachios. Pistachios with (PN + SC) or without (PN) the seed coat were investigated for their in vitro chronobiotic potential since they are one of the main reported PMT sources. Consequently we evaluated the bioaccessibility, permeability, and biosynthesis of pistachio chronobiotics, particularly PMT, during gastrointestinal and colonic fermentation. The maximum in vitro bioaccessibility and apparent permeability (efflux-prone) of PCs, flavonoids and PMT were sample-specific [∼1.3% (both), 27 and 3.4% (PN + SC)], but additional amounts (flavonoids > PCs > PMT) were released under simulated colonic conditions. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; 38 mM; >50% butyrate, PN + SC > PN) and some metabolites (e.g., indole, benzaldehyde, phenolic acids, and aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbons) were detected depending on the sample. The predominant pistachio butyrate production during in vitro colonic fermentation can improve chronodisruption and benefit obese individuals. Pistachio’s digestion increases the bioaccessibility and intestinal permeability of potential chronobiotics (PMT and PCs) and the biosynthesis of colonic metabolites (SCFAs, among others) also with chronobiotic potential

Avocado seed by-product uses in emulsion-type ingredients with nutraceutical value: Stability, cytotoxicity, nutraceutical properties, and assessment of in vitro oral-gastric digestion

The avocado industry obtains 20–30% of the total by-products (peels and seeds). However, byproducts can be uses as sources of economic nutraceutical ingredients with functional potential. This work developed emulsion-type ingredients from avocado seed to evaluate its quality, stability, cytotoxicity, and nutraceutical properties before/after in vitro oral-gastric digestion. Ultrasound lipid extraction achieved an extraction yield of up to 95.75% compared with Soxhlet conventional extraction (p > 0.05). Six ingredients’ formulations (E1-E6) were stable for up to day 20 during storage, preserving their antioxidant capacity and displaying low in vitro oxidation compared to control. None of the emulsion-type ingredients were considered cytotoxic according to the shrimp lethality assay (LC50 > 1000 µg/mL). Ingredients E2, E3, and E4 generated low lipoperoxides’ concentrations and high antioxidant capacity during the oral-gastric stage. The 25 min-gastric phase showed the highest antioxidant capacity and low lipoperoxidation. Results suggested avocado seed-derived could be used to develop functional ingredients with nutraceutical properties.Sánchez-Quezada [grant number: 69482] was supported by a scholarship from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT-Mexico).Peer reviewe

Common Beans and Their Non-Digestible Fraction: Cancer Inhibitory Activity—An Overview

food

El orégano: propiedades, composición y actividad biológica de sus componentes Oregano: Properties, composition and biological activity

RESUMEN. El orégano comprende varias especies de plantas que son utilizadas con fines culinarios, siendo las más comúnes el Origanum vulgare, nativo de Europa, y el Lippia graveolens, originario de México. Entre las especies de Origanum se encuentran como componentes principales el limoneno, el beta -cariofileno, el rho -cimeno, el canfor, el linalol, el alfa -pineno, el carvacrol y el timol. En el género Lippia pueden encontrarse estos mismos compuestos. Su contenido depende de la especie, el clima, la altitud, la época de recolección y el estado de crecimiento.Algunas propiedades de los extractos del orégano han sido estudiadas debido al creciente interés por sustituir los aditivos sintéticos en los alimentos. El orégano tiene una buena capacidad antioxidante y antimicrobiana contra microorganismos patógenos como Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, entre otros. Estas características son muy importantes para la industria alimentaria ya que pueden favorecer la inocuidad y estabilidad de los alimentos como también protegerlos contra alteraciones lipídicas. Existen además algunos informes sobre el efecto antimutagénico y anticarcinogénico del orégano sugiriendo que representan una alternativa potencial para el tratamiento y/o prevención de trastornos crónicos como el cáncer.SUMMARY. The oregano spice includes various plant species. The most common are the genus Origanum, native of Europe, and the Lippia, native of Mexico. Among the species of Origanum, their most important components are the limonene, beta -cariofilene, rho -cymenene, canfor, linalol, alpha -pinene, carvacrol and thymol. In the genus Lippia, the same compounds can be found. The oregano composition depends on the specie, climate, altitude, time of recollection and the stage of growth. Some of the properties of this plant’s extracts are being currently studied due to the growing interest for substituting synthetic additives commonly found in foods. Oregano has a good antioxidant capacity and also presents antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms like Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, among others. These are all characteristics of interest for the food industry because they may enhance the safety and stability of foods. There are also some reports regarding the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effect of oregano; representing an alternative for the potential treatment and/or prevention of certain chronic ailments, like cancer

Dietary patterns, nutritional profile, and body mass index in Mexican schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study

Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem in Mexico. In this study, childhoodspecific dietary patterns and their relationship with overweight-obesity prevalence, nutrient profiles and types of foods consumed were studied. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 724 randomly selected schoolchildren between 9 to 12 years old from Nayarit State, Mexico was performed. Data on anthropometric characteristics and food intake were recorded. Seven dietary patterns and three specific diets were identified by multivariate analysis. A dietary pattern characterized by high legume, snack and low beverage intake was negatively associated with weight and body mass index. The overall overweight and obesity prevalence was 20.2% and 20.6%, respectively. Diet type significantly influenced (p<0.05) protein, carbohydrates and fat intake but did not show correlation with the overweightobesity status. Simple sugars, candies, pastries and sweetened beverages appeared in all dietary patterns. Dietary patterns in countries with a wide gastronomic diversity should be considered to design preventive nutrition intervention programs.La obesidad infantil es un problema de salud pública en México. En este trabajo, se estudiaron los patrones dietéticos de escolares mexicanos y su relación con la prevalencia de sobrepeso-obesidad, el perfil de nutrientes y los principales grupos de alimentos consumidos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal descriptivo donde participaron 724 escolares seleccionados al azar de entre 9 a 12 años del Estado de Nayarit, México evaluándose las características antropométricas y la ingesta de alimentos. Siete patrones dietéticos y tres dietas específicas fueron identificados mediante análisis multivariado. Un patrón de dieta caracterizada por una alta ingesta de legumbres y aperitivos junto con una baja ingesta de bebidas azucaradas se asoció negativamente con el peso e índice de masa corporal. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue del 20.2 y 20.6%, respectivamente. El tipo de dieta influyó significativamente (p<0.05) en la ingesta de proteínas, hidratos de carbono y el consumo de grasas, pero no mostró correlación con la condición de sobrepeso-obesidad. Los azúcares simples, dulces, postres y bebidas endulzadas aparecieron en todos los patrones dietéticos. Los patrones dietéticos en los países con una gran diversidad gastronómica podrían ser considerados de interés para diseñar programas de intervención nutricional preventiva

Dietary patterns, nutritional profile, and body mass index in Mexican schoolchildren : A cross-sectional study

Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem in Mexico. In this study, childhoodspecific dietary patterns and their relationship with overweight-obesity prevalence, nutrient profiles and types of foods consumed were studied. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 724 randomly selected schoolchildren between 9 to 12 years old from Nayarit State, Mexico was performed. Data on anthropometric characteristics and food intake were recorded. Seven dietary patterns and three specific diets were identified by multivariate analysis. A dietary pattern characterized by high legume, snack and low beverage intake was negatively associated with weight and body mass index. The overall overweight and obesity prevalence was 20.2% and 20.6%, respectively. Diet type significantly influenced (p<0.05) protein, carbohydrates and fat intake but did not show correlation with the overweightobesity status. Simple sugars, candies, pastries and sweetened beverages appeared in all dietary patterns. Dietary patterns in countries with a wide gastronomic diversity should be considered to design preventive nutrition intervention programs

Avances En Ciencia Y Tecnología Alimentaria

En el presente libro, cuatro investigadores expertos se dieron a la tarea de invitar a\ua0diferentes grupos de investigación del país, para compartir los avances desarrollados\ua0durante la realización de sus trabajos de investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología\ua0Alimentaria; participan, tanto en el trabajo editorial como en la publicación de material\ua0cientíco, integrantes de la Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Tecnología de\ua0Alimentos (http://www.somenta.org). Esperamos que la presente obra académica\ua0sirva de apoyo para los diferentes programas de licenciatura y posgrado que existen\ua0en el campo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología Alimentaria