786 research outputs found
Service Production and Patient Satisfaction in Primary Care
Context: The institutional setting for the study was the primary physician service in Norway, where there is a regular general practitioner scheme. Each inhabitant has a statutory right to be registered with a regular general practitioner. There are large differences between physicians in service production. Objective: We studied whether difference in services production between physicians has an effect on how satisfied patients are with the services that are provided. Methodology: Data about patient satisfaction were obtained from a survey of a representative sample of the population. We obtained data about how satisfied the respondents were with waiting time to get an appointment and with two aspects of the quality of care they actually received: the amount of time the physician spent with them, and to what extent they perceived that the physician took their medical problems seriously. The survey data were merged with data on service production for the primary physician that the respondent was registered with. Service production was measured as the number of consultations per person on the list, and as the number of laboratory tests per consultation. Results: There was a positive and relatively strong association between the level of service production of the general practitioners and patient satisfaction with waiting time for a consultation. The association was weaker for satisfaction with the quality of care the respondents actually received. Conclusion: A high level of service production can be justified, since it increases patient satisfaction, particularly satisfaction with access to services.primary physician services; patient satisfaction; service production; access
Financial Instability and Banking Crises in a small open economy
The present paper seeks to investigate the importance of financial instability during four banking crises, with focus on the small open economy of Norway. The crises elaborated on are the Post First world war crisis of the early 1920s, the mid 1920s Monetary crisis, the Great Depression of the 1930s and the Scandinavian banking crisis of 1987-1993.
The paper firstly offers a brief description of the financial instability hypothesis as applied by Minsky, Kindleberger, and in a new explicit dynamic financial crisis model. Financial instability creation basically happens in times of overheating, overspending and over lending, i.e., during significant booms, and have devastating effects after markets have turned into a state of crises.
Thereafter, the paper tests the validity of the financial instability hypothesis by using a quantitative structural time series model. The test reveals upheaval of financial and macroeconomic indicators prior to the crises, making the economy overheat and create asset bubbles due to huge growth in debt. These conditions caused the following banking crises.
Finally, the four crises are discussed qualitatively. The conclusion is that significant increase in money supply and debt caused overheating, asset bubbles and finally financial and banking crises which spread to the real economy
Interdisciplinary operational decisions in the subsurface domain: An exploratory discussion of information requirements and support from integrated technologies
-Denne rapporten utforsker mulighetene innen IO nÄr det gjelder potensialet for Ä stÞtte operasjonelle beslutningsprosesser i reservoardomenet.
Utgangspunktet er at modellerings og simuleringsteknologi i dag fÞrst og fremst brukes for beslutninger med lengre horisonter f.eks. reservoar og geomodell. Reservoar-, og geoinformasjon inngÄr ofte i operasjonelle beslutninger f.eks. under boring men real time data tilbakefÞres i liten grad til modeller og simuleringer.
Denne rapporten gir et glimt av den âinformasjonsĂžkologienâ evt nye verktĂžy i retning av âclosed loop reservoir managementâ mĂ„ forholde seg til om de skal bevege seg inn i det tverrfaglige operasjonelle domenet. Rapporten er dels en teoretisk diskusjon og dels basert pĂ„ uformelle intervjuer og besĂžk i undergrunnsmiljĂžer i StatoilHydro
En analyse av strukturerte produkter i det svenske markedet
Strukturerte produkter bestÄr av en kombinasjon av flere finansielle instrumenter som kan
skape unike investeringsobjekter. Produktene kan ha egenskaper som du ikke fÄr ved direkte
kjĂžp av aksjer, obligasjoner eller andre enkeltinvesteringer. Kompleksiteten er varierende og
det kan vÊre krevende for investorer bÄde Ä forstÄ og verdsette produktene selv. I denne
masterutredningen har vi vist hvordan vi verdsetter elleve ulike strukturerte produkter i det
svenske markedet. Vi har videre analysert sannsynlighetsfordelingene til avkastningen og
beregnet forventet avkastning for produktene.
Verdsettelsen vÄr viser at de fleste produkter har en nÄverdi mellom 90-100% av totalt
investert belĂžp, hvor noen av produktene gir kunden hĂžyere verdi enn 100%. Produktene gir
en forventet avkastning mellom 4-9%, som er hĂžyere enn risikofrirente i denne perioden.
Sannsynligheten for Ä fÄ hÞyere avkastning enn risikofri rente varierer mellom 50-90%
Do prices reflect short-term output fluctuations? : empirical evidence from a small open raw material based economy
Within the framework of Keynesian economic theory it is widely taken for granted that short term output fluctuations are mirrored
in corresponding fluctuations in prices. By examining data on prices
and output for a small open raw material based economy, in this case
Norway, 1830-2006, this paper concludes that there isn't a clear positive
correlation between prices and output. Contrary, there is more evidence of a counter-cyclical relationship, indicating that business cycles are more frequently caused by supply-side shocks than demand
side shocks. However, negative demand shocks normally seem to cause lagged negative price responses
Offshore Industries as Growth Sector: The Norwegian Case
Writers on Norwegian economic history often claim that marine and maritime industries, i.e., the offshore sector, played a major role for value creation in the Norwegian economy for centuries. However, little has been done to quantify the sectorâs contribution to the economy. The present paper seeks to quantify the size of the key offshore industries compared to GDP and exports. To do so it has been necessary to draw on new historical national account calculations in addition to compute several new series.
Based on these calculations we find that the offshore sector made up a significant and important part of Norwegian GDP, and a dominant part of exports, 1816-2021. The key offshore industries were first fishing, thereafter ocean transport, and finally petroleum extraction. The sectorâs overall size of the Norwegian economy has been quite stable in a long-term perspective, but with an increasing GDP share after the takeoff of oil and gas extraction from the continental shelf in the 1970s
Convergence between the Baltic and the Nordic economies: Some reflections based on new data for the Baltic countries
This short paper uses recent estimates of GDP per capita for the Baltic countries for the 1919-2020(22) period to test for convergence between the Baltic and the Nordic economies. Drawing from the methodology used in Bernard and Durlauf (1996) and Greasley and Oxley (1997), we utilise a time-series approach to test for bivariate convergence between the various Baltic and Nordic economies. We find some evidence of conditional convergence and catching up for the interwar period, 1919-1939 and the post-Soviet era 1993-2022, when for the communist growth period until 1988 we find no trace of convergence, when thereafter during the last years of communism, the Baltic economies went into a severe and devastating recession
Prisdannelse i lufttransportmarkedet i Norge : en undersÞkelse av prisutviklingen pÄ konkurranseutsatte ruter
Denne masteroppgaven omhandler prisdannelse i lufttransportmarkedet i Norge. Nordmenn er de som reiser mest i Norden og hvordan prisen settes er relevant skal man forsĂžke Ă„ forstĂ„ nĂ„r man bĂžr bestille sin flyreise for Ă„ fĂ„ den billigst mulig. Noen har hĂžyere betalingsvillighet enn andre og disse er gjerne mer tidssensitive enn prissensitive. Vi har i oppgaven fokusert hovedsakelig pĂ„ Norwegians og SASâ billigste serviceklasser, henholdsvis LowFare og Economy da det er pĂ„ disse vi forventet flest endringer i prisen.
For Ä svare pÄ vÄr problemstilling har vi benyttet en kvantitativ forskningsmetode. Vi begynte datainnsamlingen med Ä velge oss ut to avreisedatoer og 30 ruter hos SAS og Norwegian som vi ville observere. Den fÞrste avreisedatoen var 1. mars og den neste var 27. mars. To ganger om dagen fra den 25. januar sjekket vi prisene pÄ de utvalgte rutene. Dette ga oss over 10 000 prisobservasjoner pÄ LowFare og Economy alene. I tillegg registrerte vi ogsÄ prisene pÄ de Þvrige serviceklassene Flex, Economy Flex og Economy Full Flex. Begrunnelsen bak avreisedatoene er grunnet i at vi ville ha prisobservasjoner der avreise var en normal hverdag samt en avreisedag som var pÄvirket av en ekstern faktor: pÄskeferien. Vi sÄ at det var tilbudt fÊrre avganger i snitt den 27. mars og vi antok derfor at dette ville gjÞre billettene dyrere. Rutene vi har valgt ut er blant de 30 stÞrste rutene i Norge, og pÄ bortimot alle konkurrerer SAS og Norwegian jevnbyrdig. Med andre ord tilbÞy de avganger som gÄr relativt nÊrt hverandre. Vi fÞlte denne konkurransefaktoreren var viktig da vi ville se hvordan prisutviklingen til de respektive selskapene var i en konkurransesituasjon. For Ä teste opp mot dette registrerte vi ogsÄ priser pÄ monopolruten til bÄde SAS og Norwegian, henholdsvis Oslo - Kristiansund og Oslo - Bardufoss
Ethics, resource rent, environment and petroleum policy: the case of a small open economy
This paper contributes to the understanding of how the environment, ethics, values,
and historical contingencies shape public policy. It explains the accomplishment of
petroleum resource management in the small open economy of Norway. The study
is conducted by mapping policy decisions and the arguments behind them regarding
environmental and ethical issues. This is done by studying available governmental and
parliamentary papers along with statements from politicians and central governmental officials. The paper also seeks to illuminate some of the decisions by quantitative
measures.
The paper firstly describes a model of Ricardian resource rent. Secondly, it investigates
the set of values that were in place before the petroleum production started in the
1970s, as described in public documents. An important argument was to build a âqualitatively better societyâ for the benefit of the people. Thirdly, it traces the historical roots
of these values by examining historical sources.
The main findings are that success lies in understanding the ethics behind the environmental resource rent harvesting of this non-renewable natural resource. The paper
concludes that the focus on the natural environment and resource rent management
can be attributed to popular values built on historical traditions. According to them,
the state and the trust between the state and its citizens played key roles in shaping the
policy. The careful policy can be illustrated by the fact that Norway has managed to
build one of the largest sovereign funds in the world worth USD 1,200 billion for use by
future generations. Only 3% of its value, significantly less than its historical net profit,
should be used annually.publishedVersio
Norske bĂžrshandlede produkter: en analyse av ETN og ETF
Masteroppgave i bedriftsĂžkonomi - Nord universitet, 201
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