Preceding rule induction with instance reduction methods

A new prepruning technique for rule induction is presented which applies instance reduction before rule induction. An empirical evaluation records the predictive accuracy and size of rule-sets generated from 24 datasets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. Three instance reduction algorithms (Edited Nearest Neighbour, AllKnn and DROP5) are compared. Each one is used to reduce the size of the training set, prior to inducing a set of rules using Clark and Boswell's modification of CN2. A hybrid instance reduction algorithm (comprised of AllKnn and DROP5) is also tested. For most of the datasets, pruning the training set using ENN, AllKnn or the hybrid significantly reduces the number of rules generated by CN2, without adversely affecting the predictive performance. The hybrid achieves the highest average predictive accuracy

Untersuchung selbsterregter Reibungsschwingungen mit Hilfe eines numerischen Simulationsverfahrens

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Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN

PVC Extrusion Development and Production for the NOvA Neutrino Experiment

We have produced large and highly-reflective open-cell PVC extrusions for the NOvA neutrino oscillation experiment. The extrusions were sealed, instrumented, assembled into self-supporting detector blocks, and filled with liquid scintillator. Each Far Detector block stands 15.7 m high, is 15.7 m wide and 2.1 m thick. More than 22,000 extrusions were produced with high dimensional tolerance and robust mechanical strength. This paper provides an overview of the NOvA Far Detector, describes the preparation of the custom PVC powder, and the making of the extrusions. Quality control was a key element in the production and is described in detail

Light-induced formation of dimeric LHCII

It emerges from numerous experiments that LHCII, the major photosynthetic antenna complex of plants, can appear not only in the trimeric or monomeric states but also as a dimer. We address the problem whether the dimeric form of the complex is just a simple intermediate element of the trimer–monomer transformation or if it can also be a physiologically relevant molecular organization form? Dimers of LHCII were analyzed with application of native electrophoresis, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The results reveal the appearance of two types of LHCII dimers: one formed by the dissociation of one monomer from the trimeric structure and the other formed by association of monomers into a distinctively different molecular organizational form, characterized by a high rate of chlorophyll excitation quenching. The hypothetical structure of such an energy quencher is proposed. The high light-induced LHCII dimerization is discussed as a potential element of the photoprotective response in plants

CDF central preshower and crack detector upgrade

The CDF Central Preshower and Crack Detector Upgrade consist of scintillator tiles with embedded wavelength-shifting fibers, clear-fiber optical cables, and multi-anode photomultiplier readout. A description of the detector design, test results from R&D studies, and construction phase are reported. The upgrade was installed late in 2004, and a large amount of proton-antiproton collider data has been collected since then. Detector studies using those data are also discussed

Use of a robotic milking system by cows of different genotypes reared in a silvopastoral system.

The robotic milking system (RMS) is unique in its ability to operate without human intervention. It allows cows to choose when and how often to be milked during the day, benefiting animal health and welfare. However, specific technical indicators for RMS incorporated into pasture-based production systems are still being established. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the feasibility of integrating robotic milking in a silvopastoral dairy production system with cows of different breeds. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Pecudria Sudeste, São Carlos, Brazil (22°01'S, 47°53'W, 860m), for 92 days. Sixty-six lactating cows of Holstein (HO, n=21), HJ crossbred (1/2 Holstein x 1/2 Jersey; HJ, n=24), and HX crossbred (>3/4 Jersey on Holstein base; HX, n=21) breeds were observed. Cows were intensively grazed in a silvopastoral system with voluntary and unrestricted access to the RMS. Data from 9,305 milkings were analyzed (ANOVA; RStudio; a=5%). HO and HJ cows had a higher daily milk yield than HX cows (P0.05). Daily milk yield, daily milking time, and milking frequency were positively and significantly correlated (P<0.0001). The results indicate that cows with higher milk yields have spent more time in the milking box. Furthermore, no evidence suggests that more productive cows visit the milking robot more frequently in a pasture-based system

Use of a robotic milking system by cows of different genotypes reared in a silvopastoral system.

The robotic milking system (RMS) is unique in its ability to operate without human intervention. It allows cows to choose when and how often to be milked during the day, benefiting animal health and welfare. However, specific technical indicators for RMS incorporated into pasture-based production systems are still being established. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the feasibility of integrating robotic milking in a silvopastoral dairy production system with cows of different breeds. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Pecudria Sudeste, São Carlos, Brazil (22°01'S, 47°53'W, 860m), for 92 days. Sixty-six lactating cows of Holstein (HO, n=21), HJ crossbred (1/2 Holstein x 1/2 Jersey; HJ, n=24), and HX crossbred (>3/4 Jersey on Holstein base; HX, n=21) breeds were observed. Cows were intensively grazed in a silvopastoral system with voluntary and unrestricted access to the RMS. Data from 9,305 milkings were analyzed (ANOVA; RStudio; a=5%). HO and HJ cows had a higher daily milk yield than HX cows (P0.05). Daily milk yield, daily milking time, and milking frequency were positively and significantly correlated (P<0.0001). The results indicate that cows with higher milk yields have spent more time in the milking box. Furthermore, no evidence suggests that more productive cows visit the milking robot more frequently in a pasture-based system

Monitoramento eletrônico do tempo de deslocamento de machos Nelore (bos indicus) em dois sistemas de produção a pasto.

Avaliar o comportamento de bovinos é importante para entender a rotina diária que pode influenciar sua interação social, desempenho produtivo e bem-esta