The escoumins supracrustal belt: a record of Mesoproterozoic (Pinwarian) evolution of the Laurentian margin and Grenvillian magmatism, central Grenville Province, Quebec, Canada

The Mesoproterozoic, Pinwarian-age (1.52 – 1.46 Ga) Escoumins supracrustal belt (southern central Grenville Province, Quebec) consists of a volcano-sedimentary sequence (Saint-Siméon Group) and its structural basement (Tadoussac Intrusive Suite), both deformed and metamorphosed to the amphibolite-facies during the Grenvillian orogeny (1.09 – 0.98 Ga). It represents preserved parts of an island arc built on crustal slivers rifted away from the southeastern Laurentian margin during a major Geon 15 extensional event. Change in arc dynamics led to the closure of the previously opened seaway and back-arc basins and to the final accretion of the island arc at about 1.39 Ga, as marked by the emplacement of a major 1.43 – 1.37 Ga arc-related plutonic belt. The Saint-Siméon Group is an oceanic island arc, rifted-arc and back-arc volcano-sedimentary succession that despite deformation and metamorphism, preserves well original characteristics of the rocks. Its middle member (Moulin-à-Baude Formation) consists of highly evolved alkaline felsic to intermediate volcanic rocks and ferrobasalt together with island arc tholeiite, back-arc basalt and arc basaltic andesite interpreted to reflect the rifting of the arc. Some rocks were extensively altered by synvolcanic hydrothermal fluids and show mineral assemblages typical of metamorphosed VMS-type deposits. The supracrustal belt represents higher crustal levels of the orogenic infrastructure in the Grenville and was intruded by diverse types of syn-to late-orogenic plutons: (1) ca. 1.08 Ga crust-derived magnesian felsic magmatism at the onset of the continental collision, (2) ca. 1.06 – 1.04 Ga ferroan and Ba – Sr enriched intermediate to felsic plutons fractionated from a mafic magma derived from partial melting of a Geon 14 subduction-modified subcontinental lithospheric mantle coeval with amphibolite-facies metamorphism in the supracrustal rocks, and (3) ca. 0.99 – 0.98 Ga crust-derived peraluminous two-mica leucogranite bodies and pegmatite coeval with titanite growth and deformation. Despite the deformation and the metamorphic overprint, primary features are still preserved providing key information about the evolution of the southeastern Laurentian margin before the final continental collision. This study represents one of the first complete investigations of a polydeformed and metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary sequence and of its hydrothermal alteration assemblages within the Grenville Province

Learning stable reduced-order models for hybrid twins

The concept of Hybrid Twin (HT) has recently received a growing interest thanks to the availability of powerful machine learning techniques. This twin concept combines physics-based models within a model-order reduction framework-to obtain real-time feedback rates-and data science. Thus, the main idea of the HT is to develop on-the-fly data-driven models to correct possible deviations between measurements and physics-based model predictions. This paper is focused on the computation of stable, fast and accurate corrections in the Hybrid Twin framework. Furthermore, regarding the delicate and important problem of stability, a new approach is proposed, introducing several sub-variants and guaranteeing a low computational cost as well as the achievement of a stable time-integration

Learning stable reduced-order models for hybrid twins

The concept of “hybrid twin” (HT) has recently received a growing interest thanks to the availability of powerful machine learning techniques. This twin concept combines physics-based models within a model order reduction framework—to obtain real-time feedback rates—and data science. Thus, the main idea of the HT is to develop on-the-fly data-driven models to correct possible deviations between measurements and physics-based model predictions. This paper is focused on the computation of stable, fast, and accurate corrections in the HT framework. Furthermore, regarding the delicate and important problem of stability, a new approach is proposed, introducing several subvariants and guaranteeing a low computational cost as well as the achievement of a stable time-integration

Normativité, signification et acte locutionnaire

La question de savoir si la signification est normative et comment préciser l’idée de normativité sémantique fait l’objet de nombreux débats actuels. Nous proposons de partir de l’hypothèse qu’un langage est un système de règles, et qu’apprendre un langage c’est apprendre à obéir à des règles qui régissent l’usage de ses expressions. Nous distinguons d’abord entre différentes notions de signification et de normativité. Puis nous examinons de façon critique deux objections à l’idée d’une normativité sémantique : la première réduit la normativité sémantique au « doit » instrumental, l’autre à la normativité épistémique. Nous proposons ensuite une conception alternative de la normativité sémantique fondée sur le concept (propre à la théorie des actes de langage) d’acte locutionnaire.There are many ongoing debates over whether meaning is normative or about how the idea of semantic normativity is to be fleshed out. We suggest to start from the assumption that language is a system of rules, and learning a language is learning to obey the rules for the use of its expressions. We first distinguish between different notions of meaning and of normativity. Then we critically examine and reject two objections to the idea of semantic normativity : one reducing semantic normativity to instrumental “ought”, the other to epistemic normativity. We then propose an alternative conception of semantic normativity based on the speech-acts theorists’ concept of locutionary act

La normativité des lois de programmation au prisme de la QPC

International audienceA propos de CE, 18 juill. 2011, n° 340512, Fédération nationale des chasseurs , Fédération départementale des chasseurs de la Meuse, au Lebon ; AJDA 2011. 1527 ; ibid. 2311 ; D. 2011. 2121, et les obs. ; ibid. 2694, obs. F. G. Trébulle ; Constitutions 2012. 147, obs. K. Fouche

Tolérer n’est pas permettre, de la distinction de la tolérance et de la permissivité en droit

Il est des concepts que l’on croit, à tort, pouvoir définir d’une formule concise tant ils nous paraissent évidents. La tolérance est semble-t-il de ceux-là. De brèves investigations révèlent déjà, en effet, de multiples acceptions du terme, qui compromettent toute entreprise de définition simple, valant pour toutes les manifestations du phénomène. Aussi nous bornerons-nous à avancer deux propositions qui, combinées, permettent une première approche. La tolérance peut ainsi se comprendre comm..

The Normativity of Meaning

Les mots peuvent être utilisés correctement ou non. Qu’un mot ait été utilisé correctement dépend de ce qu’il signifie. On peut exprimer cette idée en disant que la signification d’un mot est une règle ou une norme pour son usage correct, ou encore que, si l’on souhaite utiliser correctement un mot, alors on doit l’utiliser d’une certaine façon. Les termes « règle », « norme », « correction » et « devoir », qui servent à formuler cette idée, sont à première vue des termes que les philosophesqualifient de normatifs. L’objet de la présente étude est de déterminer en quel sens ces termes sont normatifs et pourquoi la notion de signification (de même que certaines notions apparentées, comme celle de concept) est une notion normative. Nous soutenons que les notions normatives renvoient à des phénomènes qui résistent à une description purement naturaliste, c’est-à-dire une description exploitant uniquement des concepts ayant leur place au sein des sciences naturelles. À la suite de Wittgenstein et Kripke, nous montrons en quoi la dimension normative de la signification constitue un obstacle aux tentatives réductionnistes visant à expliquer la signification à partir de régularités ou de dispositions d’usage. Il s’agit aussi dans ce travail de montrer que la normativité de la signification possède une forme d’autonomie vis-à-vis d’autres types de normativité, tels que les normativités morale ou épistémique. Nous confrontons l’approche normativiste du langage aux objections de Davidson, selon lesquelles les notions de règle, de convention et d’usage correct sont superficielles et dénuées de fondement philosophique. La conception normativiste est enfin située dans le cadre du débat entre individualisme et externalisme.Words can be used correctly or incorrectly. Whether a word has been used correctly depends on what it means. This idea can be expressed by saying that the meaning of a word is a rule or norm for its correct use, or that if one intends to use a word correctly, then one ought to use it in a certain way. The terms "rule," "norm," "correctness," and "ought," which are used to formulate this idea, are prima facie terms that philosophers would call normative. The purpose of this dissertation is todetermine in what sense these terms are normative and why the notion of meaning (as well as some related notions, such as concept) is a normative notion. We argue that normative notions refer to phenomena that resist a purely naturalistic description, i.e. a description that only uses concepts that have their place in the natural sciences. Following Wittgenstein and Kripke, we show how the normative dimension of meaning constitutes an obstacle to reductionist attempts to explain meaning on the basis of regularities or dispositions of use. The aim of this work is also to show that the normativity of meaning displays a form of autonomy with respect to other types of normativity, such as moral or epistemic normativity. We confront the normativist approach to language with Davidson's objections that the notions of rule, convention and correct usage are superficial and lacking in philosophical foundation. Finally, the normativist conception is situated within the debatebetween individualism and externalism

Contrôle de conventionnalité de la loi et référé

International audienceDe quelques doutes sérieux sur la jurisprudence Carminat