Un programme annoté en vaut deux

National audienceFormal verification methods could be of much help to increase software safety. But how to transfer these methods in the real world of critical software development? This paper proposes a tooled solution for source code verification, by automated reduction of safety properties into formal assertions. This approach is applied to JML annotated Java programs. It is illustrated by the automated generation of assertions for a class from the Java Card API. Two complementary formalisms are proposed for expressing properties. Their reduction in JML annotations is implanted in the JAG tool, described with details. The output language (JML) being standard, this tool interfaces easily with many standard tools for verification of JML/Java code by proof ou model-checking.La sécurité du logiciel passe par les méthodes formelles, mais comment faire passer les méthodes formelles dans le monde réel du développement des logiciels critiques ? Cet article propose un mécanisme et un outil d'aide à la vérification de code, par réduction automatique de propriétés de sécurité en annotations formelles. Ce dispositif s'applique aux programmes Java annotés en JML. Il est illustré ici par l'annotation automatique d'une classe de l'API Java Card. Deux formalismes complémentaires pour l'expression de propriétés sont proposés. L'outil JAG, qui implante leur réduction en annotations JML, est décrit en détail. Le langage d'annotations retenu (JML) étant standard, cet outil s'interface naturellement avec de nombreux outils existants pour la vérification par preuve, test ou model-checking de Java annoté en JML

Verification of class liveness properties with Java modeling language

International audienceStatic checking is key for the security of software components. As a component model, this paper considers a Java class enriched with annotations from the Java Modeling Language (JML). It defines a formal execution semantics for repetitive method invocations from this annotated class, called the class in isolation semantics. Afterwards, a pattern of liveness properties is defined, together with its formal semantics, providing a foundation for both static and runtime checking. This pattern is then inscribed in a complete language of temporal properties, called JTPL (Java Temporal Pattern Language), extending JML. We particularly address the verification of liveness properties by auto- matically translating the temporal properties into JML annotations for this class. This automatic translation is implemented in a tool called JAG (JML Annotation Generator). Correctness of the generated annotations ensures that the temporal property is established for the executions of the class in isolation

Physiological and affective responses of 30s‒30s intermittent small-sided game in elite handball players: A new alternative to intermittent running

Objectives: To compare physiological and affective demands of a novel small-sided game designed in intermittent (30s‒30s) regimen opposing 3-a-side field players with 30s‒30s shuttle running and handball match play. Methods: Fourteen elite male handball players (age 23.8 ± 4.4 y; body mass 84.0 ± 7.4 kg; height 188 ± 0.06 m) performed 2 periods of 10-min of each experimental exercise in separate occasions. Physiological demand was assessed using mean heart rate, time spent in heart rate intensity zones and post-exercise blood lactate concentration. The difference between ‘perceived exertion’ and ‘pleasure’ determined the affective balance. Results: Small-sided game and shuttle running drills showed similar mean heart rate (88.8 ±2.4 and 90.4 ±2.8 % of peak heart rate, respectively) and time spent in heart rate zones. The match play elicited lower mean heart rate (86.9 ± 3.4 % of peak heart rate, P ≤ 0.05, large ES) than small-sided game and shuttle running. Peak lactate for small-sided game (6.6 ±2.6 mmol/L) was lower than shuttle running (10 ±2.2 mmol/L, P ≤ 0.05, large ES) whereas no significant difference was observed with match play. The small-sided game showed lower affective balance than shuttle running (P ≤ 0.01, large ES). Conclusions: Coaches can be confident in prescribing the small-sided game as a suitable alternative to shuttle running to provide consistent aerobic stimulus with lower affective balance. The small-sided game may be considered as a specific training method in achieving relevant physiological adaptations for handball match play

Des mesures pour améliorer la performance

Tout l'U, Journal de l'Université de Franche-Comté, Hors série n° 8, Juillet, pp. 14-1

Cohésion et performance ; analyse du chercheur et de l'entraîneur

NovembreInternational audienc

Selle, beaux songes et vidéo

DVD Université de Franche-Comté & Fédération Française de Cyclisme, Octobr

L'athlète et son environnement

DVD Université de Franche-Comté & Fédération Française de Cyclisme, Novembr

Mesurons nos efforts

Le Journal des enfants, 20 avril, pp. 8-