Evaluation of Anisole-Substituted Boron Difluoride Formazanate Complexes for Fluorescence Cell Imaging

The evaluation of three subclasses of boron difluoride formazanate complexes bearing o-, m-, and p-anisole N-aryl substituents (Ar) as readily accessible alternatives to boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes for cell imaging applications is described. While the wavelengths of maximum absorption (lmax) and emission (lem) observed for each subclass of complexes, which differed by their carbon-bound substituents (R), were similar, the emission quantum yields for 7a-c (R = cyano) were enhanced relative to 8a-c (R = nitro) and 9a-c (R = phenyl). Complexes 7a-c and 8a-c were also significantly easier to reduce electrochemically to their radical anion and dianion forms compared to 9a-c. Within each subclass, the o-substituted derivatives were more difficult to reduce, had shorter lmax and lem, and lower emission quantum yields than the p-substituted analogs as a result of sterically-driven twisting of the N-aryl substituents and a decrease in the degree of p conjugation. The m-substituted complexes were the least difficult to reduce and possessed intermediate lmax,lem,and quantum yields. The complexes studied also exhibited large Stokes shifts (82-152 nm, 2143-5483 cm-1). Finally, the utility of complex 7c (Ar = p-anisole, R = cyano), which can be prepared for just a few dollars per gram, for fluorescence cell imaging was demonstrated. The use of 7c and 4\u27,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) allowed for simultaneous imaging of the cytoplasm and nucleus of mouse fibroblast cells

Comparison of oceanic island lava flow suites separated by a lateral collapse - how does a major structural change impact on the magma supply system?

The massive ~530 ka Cumbre Nueva collapse on the Canary Island of La Palma separates the pre-collapse Cumbre Nueva rift sequence from the post-collapse Bejenado edifice. Such collapses are characteristic of the shield stage of oceanic island growth, and these Canarian volcanoes form an ideal case study to determine how the composition of lavas produced within a magma supply system varies in response to the structural evolution of the island. The Cumbre Nueva rift formed as the result of focused activity along a central rift zone, with the flanks of the edifice becoming progressively more unstable as growth continued. Conversely, the Bejenado volcano erupted entirely within the collapse embayment in a brief, intense period of activity after which volcanism permanently ceased. All flows are composed of alkaline trend lavas, including basanites, tephrites, tephriphonolites and porphyritic ankaramites, with lavas from both edifices showing a tendency towards increased evolution over time. Petrological study (XRF, EPMA and petrography) is being undertaken on representative suites of stratigraphically-sampled lavas from both edifices, with 17 pre-collapse and 8 post-collapse flows currently characterised. Results indicate that, while both suites are similar, there are significant textural differences between the sets. In both cases, the primitive rocks have phenocrysts dominated by clinopyroxene, olivine, and magnetite, while evolved flows exhibit hornblende, apatite, titanite and occasional hauyne (with feldspar phenocrysts mostly absent). These assemblages correspond well to the fractional crystallisation trends inferred from chemical variation diagrams. Incompatible trace element patterns from the pre-collapse volcanism are consistent with variable fractional crystallisation of magmas from a stable mantle source. However, the post-collapse volcanic activity appears to result from more complex processes in the magma supply. While ankaramites are common in both suites, post-collapse flows are notably more glomeroporphyritic, with a much greater abundance of pyroxenite-dominated xenoliths transported within post-collapse flows. Both of these observations indicate post-collapse entrainment and eruption of deep magma-supply system material

The Cumbre Nueva collapse (La Palma, Canary Islands): new age determinations and evidence of an isotopic excursion

Episodic giant landslides characterize the history of intraplate oceanic volcanic islands, disrupting the gradual accumulation of eruptive products during shield-building stages. On La Palma (Canary Islands), the giant Cumbre Nueva collapse, which ended volcanic activity at the Paleo-Cumbre Nueva rift, formed the 11 km wide “Caldera de Taburiente” collapse embayment. Lavas erupted before and after this collapse have been studied, and 40Ar/39Ar ages of groundmass separates from key flows are presented, particularly from the small post-collapse Bejenado volcano that grew within the collapse scar. The new data constrain the age of the Cumbre Nueva collapse to between 519±20 ka and 529±12 ka (2) and confirm that it occurred during a period of rapid re-surfacing of the island. This study has also constrained the duration of activity of the post-collapse Bejenado volcano, and the results indicate that this was also brief (529±12 ka to 491±16 ka). Starting just before the time of the collapse, the radiogenic isotope compositions of the lavas shifted temporarily to more depleted compositions, perhaps indicating that an isotopically distinct magma source was being tapped. However, an isotopic excursion of similar magnitude also occurred later in the post-collapse activity, suggesting that the changes in isotope composition of the magma source continued during after the collapse

The Cumbre Nueva collapse (La Palma, Canary Islands): New age determinations and evidence of an isotopic excursion

Episodic giant landslides characterize the history of intraplate oceanic volcanic islands, disrupting the gradual accumulation of eruptive products during shield-building stages. On La Palma (Canary Islands), the giant Cumbre Nueva collapse, which ended volcanic activity at the Paleo-Cumbre Nueva rift, formed the 11 km wide “Caldera de Taburiente” collapse embayment. Lavas erupted before and after this collapse have been studied, and 40Ar/39Ar ages of groundmass separates from key flows are presented, particularly from the small post-collapse Bejenado volcano that grew within the collapse scar. The new data constrain the age of the Cumbre Nueva collapse to between 519 ± 20 ka and 529 ± 12 ka (2s) and confirm that it occurred during a period of rapid re-surfacing of the island. This study has also constrained the duration of activity of the post-collapse Bejenado volcano, and the results indicate that this was also brief (529 ± 12 ka to 491 ± 16 ka). Starting just before the time of the collapse, the radiogenic isotope compositions of the lavas shifted temporarily to more depleted compositions, perhaps indicating that an isotopically distinct magma source was being tapped. However, an isotopic excursion of similar magnitude also occurred later in the post-collapse activity, suggesting that the changes in isotope composition of the magma source continued after the collapse

Becoming the temporary surgeon: A grounded theory examination of anaesthetists performing emergency front of neck access in inter-disciplinary simulation-based training.:Becoming the Temporary Surgeon

The time-critical 'can't intubate, can't oxygenate' [CICO] emergency post-induction of anaesthesia is rare, but one which, should it occur, requires Anaesthetists to perform rapid emergency front of neck access [FONA] to the trachea, restoring oxygenation, and preventing death or brain hypoxia. The UK Difficult Airway Society [DAS] has directed all Anaesthetists to be trained with surgical cricothyroidotomy [SCT] as the primary emergency FONA method, sometimes referred to as 'Cric' as a shorthand. We present a longitudinal analysis using a classical approach to Grounded Theory methodology of ten Specialist Trainee Anaesthetists' data during a 6-month training programme delivered jointly by Anaesthetists and Surgeons. We identified with a critical realist ontology and an objectivist epistemology meaning data interpretation was driven by participants' narratives and accepted as true accounts of their experience. Our theory comprises three themes: 'Identity as an Anaesthetist'; 'The Role of a Temporary Surgeon'; and 'Training to Reconcile Identities', whereby training facilitated the psychological transition from a 'bloodless Doctor' (Anaesthetist) to becoming a 'temporary Surgeon'. The training programme enabled Specialist Trainees to move between the role of control and responsibility (Identity as an Anaesthetist), through self-described 'failure' and into a role of uncertainty about one's own confidence and competence (The Role of a Temporary Surgeon), and then return to the Anaesthetist's role once the airway had been established. Understanding the complexity of an intervention and providing a better insight into the training needs of Anaesthetic trainees, via a Grounded Theory approach, allows us to evaluate training programmes against the recognised technical and non-technical needs of those being trained

WG4: Development of Standards and Guidelines for Data Archiving and long-term preservation (content, curation, technical, documentation)

WG4 Tasks (a) Identify existing communities and expertise, concepts and standards on storage space and solutions on data archiving and long-term preservation (b) Compile guidelines about strategies for long term data archiving for different types of institution