Social well-being as a criterion of fiscal policy efficiency

The article considers the relationship between the objectives of fiscal policy and well-being of the citizens. The state's budget policy has many public goals and allocated funds: military, national economy, national defense and security of the country, culture and sport, public debt service, the Federal target program, the creation of reserves, intergovernmental transfers, administrative expenses and wellbeing. Promoting the wellbeing of nation is fundamental to the work of government and essential for current issues and research. Budget resources should be directed and allocated in order to meet social objectives that are set out by the government. These documents are as follows: the President's annual speech, the main directions of monetary state's policy, the main budget regulations and federal law about its current budget. Efficiency of fiscal policy and, as a result, improvement of the quality of life of citizens and welfare of the nation can depend on fulfillment of commitments and obligations

Comparative investment analysis of industries development in Russia and Germany

Abstract—The investment policies in some of manufacturing industries in Russia and Germany are described in article. Most appropriate industries for such an analysis are electronic and optical manufacturing and electrical equipment production and manufacturing of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers. Authors make comparative analyses of investment in manufacturing and changes in production value in these industries. Information base of research are Russian Statistical data service and Eurostat. Results allow making the following conclusion. Considering these parameters Russia manufacturing industry lags far behind Germany. A major problem lack of investment that in terms of sanctions and limited external financing will pose serious problems for the development of sub-DL and DM sector of manufactures in Russia Keywords- investment; manufacturing industries; comparative analysis I

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТРУДА В РФ: НОВЫЕ РЕЗЕРВЫ

The article describes the main problems constraining labor productivity growth in Russian economy including its technological backwardness, limitation of information technologies usage, imbalances in the structure, inefficiency of personnel labor organization and lack of their skills at workplaces. It has been sshown that the increase in labor productivity in all sectors of the Russian economy will be the basis for sustainable economic growth. Moreover, the ways of labor productivity improvement, as an interaction between government and business are suggested.В статье рассматриваются основные проблемы, сдерживающие рост производительности труда в российской экономике: технологическое отставание, ограниченное использование информационных технологий, диспропорции в структуре российской экономики, неэффективная организация труда персонала и недостаточный уровень квалификации кадров. Показано, что повышение производительности труда во всех отраслях экономики России, будет являться основой для устойчивого экономического роста. Были отмечены направления повышения производительности труда в России в рамках взаимодействия государства и бизнеса

Physical and chemical processes and the morphofunctional characteristics of human erythrocytes in hyperglycaemia

Background: This study examines the effect of graduated hyperglycaemia on the state and oxygen-binding ability of hemoglobin, the correlation of phospholipid fractions and their metabolites in the membrane, the activity of proteolytic enzymes and the morphofunctional state of erythrocytes. Methods: Conformational changes in the molecule of hemoglobin were determined by Raman spectroscopy. The structure of the erythrocytes was analyzed using laser interference microscopy (LIM). To determine the activity of NADN-methemoglobinreductase, we used the P.G. Board method. The degree of glycosylation of the erythrocyte membranes was determined using a method previously described by Felkoren et al. Lipid extraction was performed using the Bligh and Dyer method. Detection of the phospholipids was performed using V. E. Vaskovsky method. Results: Conditions of hyperglycaemia are characterized by a low affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen, which is manifested as a parallel decrease in the content of hemoglobin oxyform and the growth of deoxyform, methemoglobin and membrane-bound hemoglobin. The degree of glycosylation of membrane proteins and hemoglobin is high. For example, in the case of hyperglycaemia, erythrocytic membranes reduce the content of all phospholipid fractions with a simultaneous increase in lysoforms, free fatty acids and the diacylglycerol (DAG). Step wise hyperglycaemia in incubation medium and human erythrocytes results in an increased content of peptide components and general trypsin-like activity in the cytosol, with a simultaneous decreased activity of µ-calpain and caspase 3. Conclusions: Metabolic disorders and damage of cell membranes during hyperglycaemia cause an increase in the population of echinocytes and spherocytes. The resulting disorders are accompanied with a high probability of intravascular haemolysis.</p

Role of membrane lipids in the regulation of erythrocytic oxygen-transport function in cardiovascular diseases

The composition and condition of membrane lipids, the morphology of erythrocytes, and hemoglobin distribution were explored with the help of laser interference microscopy (LIM) and Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have significant changes in the composition of their phospholipids and the fatty acids of membrane lipids. Furthermore, the microviscosity of the membranes and morphology of the erythrocytes are altered causing disordered oxygen transport by hemoglobin. Basic therapy carried out with the use of antiaggregants, statins, antianginals, beta-blockers, and calcium antagonists does not help to recover themorphofunctional properties of erythrocytes. Based on the results the authors assume that, for the relief of the ischemic crisis and further therapeutic treatment, it is necessary to include, in addition to cardiovascular disease medicines, medication that increases the ability of erythrocytes’ hemoglobin to transport oxygen to the tissues. We assume that the use of LIM and Raman spectroscopy is advisable for early diagnosis of changes in the structure and functional state of erythrocytes when cardiovascular diseases develop

The policy of import substitution as the basis for economic security and well-being of society

The study presents the analysis of import substitution opportunities on separate branches of economic activity, preceding the realization of import substitution policy with the aim to support national economic security, which is essential for the contemporary society welfare insurance. Currently, social well-being is considered to be the reflection of economic activity, the instrument of state influence on the society, as well as an indicator of the social security system. Due to the fact that Russia is integrated into the world economy, the foreign-economic policy currently is playing an important role in the development of national security and the state's interest to the spheres of economy considering external and internal threats. Decline in external economic conditions may result in serious consequences for the functioning and development of the country as well as for the trade and investment activities, which will further lead to the decline in export, withdrawal of capital, recession of industrial production, trade and investment sphere, fall of GDP and living standards. Thus, considering the current state of instability in the world economy and the growing political tension in relation to Russian Federation, the measures to increase economic security in the country should be taken. The policy of import substitution is considered to be one of the major solutions nowadays

Functional Analysis of DNMT3A DNA Methyltransferase Mutations Reported in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

In mammals, DNA methylation is necessary for the maintenance of genomic stability, gene expression regulation, and other processes. During malignant diseases progression, changes in both DNA methylation patterns and DNA methyltransferase (MTase) genes are observed. Human de novo MTase DNMT3A is most frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a striking prevalence of R882H mutation, which has been extensively studied. Here, we investigate the functional role of the missense mutations (S714C, R635W, R736H, R771L, P777R, and F752V) found in the catalytic domain of DNMT3A in AML patients. These were accordingly mutated in the murine Dnmt3a catalytic domain (S124C, R45W, R146H, R181L, P187R, and F162V) and in addition, one-site CpG-containing DNA substrates were used as a model system. The 3-15-fold decrease (S124C and P187R) or complete loss (F162V, R45W, and R146H) of Dnmt3a-CD methylation activity was observed. Remarkably, Pro 187 and Arg 146 are not located at or near the Dnmt3a functional motives. Regulatory protein Dnmt3L did not enhance the methylation activity of R45W, R146H, P187R, and F162V mutants. The key steps of the Dnmt3a-mediated methylation mechanism, including DNA binding and transient covalent intermediate formation, were examined. There was a complete loss of DNA-binding affinity for R45W located in the AdoMet binding region and for R146H. Dnmt3a mutants studied in vitro suggest functional impairment of DNMT3A during pathogenesis

NEW RESERVES OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN RUSSIA

The article describes the main problems constraining labor productivity growth in Russian economy including its technological backwardness, limitation of information technologies usage, imbalances in the structure, inefficiency of personnel labor organization and lack of their skills at workplaces. It has been sshown that the increase in labor productivity in all sectors of the Russian economy will be the basis for sustainable economic growth. Moreover, the ways of labor productivity improvement, as an interaction between government and business are suggested