Reaction of chickens to graduated length of exposure to stress

The reactions of 60 day old chickens Arbor Acres 60 X Vantress to immobilization stress lasting 1/2, 1, 2, 4 hours and to application of ACTH, manifested by activity changes in the systems hypophysis-adrenal gland and hypophysis-thyroid gland were studied. The highest activity increase in the two neuro-endocrine systems of the chickens was found to occur after 1/2 hour exposure to stress. With prolonged stress the responses weakened and after 4 hours most of the values gradually regressed to their initial level. The responses of both systems were synchronized. Reactions of the chickens differed from those of laboratory rats in which an increased activity of the hypophysis-adrenal gland system coincided with attenuation of the hypophysis-thyroid gland system

Місцеві фінанси : методичні вказівки до практичних занять

Дисципліна має теоретично-прикладний характер. У теоретичному плані вона розширює та поглиблює знання слухачів про сутність та роль місцевих фінансів в економічному і соціальному розвитку адміністративно-територіальних одиниць місцевого самоврядування, розглядає порядок формування та використання фондів фінансових ресурсів. У прикладному – дає майбутньому фахівцю можливість об’єктивно оцінювати економічні процеси, які відбуваються в регіонах. Discipline has a theoretical and applied nature. In theoretical terms, it expands and deepens the knowledge of students about the nature and role of local finance in economic and social development of the administrative units of local government, considering their formation and use of funds of funds. In the application - gives future professionals the opportunity to objectively assess the economic processes taking place in the region.Для слухачів 2 курсу Навчально-наукового центру післядипломної освіти за напрямом підготовки 0305 «Економіка і підприємництво», спеціальністю 7.03050801 - «Фінанси і кредит»

«Місцеві фінанси» : методичні вказівки до самостійної роботи і виконання

Дисципліна має теоретично-прикладний характер. У теоретичному плані вона розширює та поглиблює знання слухачів про сутність та роль місцевих фінансів у економічному і соціальному розвитку адміністративно-територіальних одиниць місцевого самоврядування, розглядає порядок формування та використання фондів фінансових ресурсів. У прикладному – дає майбутньому фахівцю можливість об’єктивно оцінювати економічні процеси, які відбуваються в регіонах.Discipline has a theoretical and applied nature. In theoretical terms, it expands and deepens the knowledge of students about the nature and role of local finance in economic and social development of administrative units of local government, considering their formation and use of funds of funds. In the application - gives future professionals the opportunity to objectively assess the economic processes taking place in the region.Розраховані методичні вказівки для слухачів Навчально-наукового центру післядипломної освіти . Рекомендовано слухачам 2 курсу Навчально-наукового центру післядипломної освіти за напрямом підготовки – 0305 «Економіка і підприємництво», спеціальністю 7.03050801 «Фінанси і кредит

Планування і прогнозування податкових надходжень : робоча програма вибіркової навчальної дисципліни

Робоча програма навчальної дисципліни «Планування і прогнозування податкових надходжень» для студентів 5 курсу галузі знань 0305 «Економіка і підприємництво», спеціальністю 8.03050803 – «Оподаткування». Робоча програма містить тематичний план змістових модулів, орієнтований перелік питань до семінарських занять і підсумкового контролю, завдання для самостійної та індивідуальної роботи, рекомендовану літературу й інтернет-ресурси

Non-symmetric entanglement of atomic ensembles

The entanglement of multi-atom quantum states is considered. In order to cancel noise due to inhomogeneous light atom coupling, the concept of matched multi-atom observables is proposed. As a means to eliminate an important form of decoherence this idea should be of broad relevance for quantum information processing with atomic ensembles. The general approach is illustrated on the example of rotation angle measurement, and it is shown that the multi-atom states that were thought to be only weakly entangled can exhibit near-maximum entanglement.Comment: to appear in Physical Review Letter

Neutralization of IFN-γ reverts clinical and laboratory features in a mouse model of macrophage activation syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is not clearly understood: a large body of evidence supports the involvement of mechanisms similar to those implicated in the setting of primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the pathogenic role of IFN-γ and the therapeutic efficacy of IFN-γ neutralization in an animal model of MAS. METHODS: We used an MAS model established in mice transgenic for human IL-6 (IL-6TG mice) challenged with LPS (MAS mice). Levels of IFN-γ and IFN-γ-inducible chemokines were evaluated by using real-time PCR in the liver and spleen and by means of ELISA in plasma. IFN-γ neutralization was achieved by using the anti-IFN-γ antibody XMG1.2 in vivo. RESULTS: Mice with MAS showed a significant upregulation of the IFN-γ pathway, as demonstrated by increased mRNA levels of Ifng and higher levels of phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 in the liver and spleen and increased expression of the IFN-γ-inducible chemokines Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 in the liver and spleen, as well as in plasma. A marked increase in Il12a and Il12b expression was also found in livers and spleens of mice with MAS. In addition, mice with MAS had a significant increase in numbers of liver CD68+ macrophages. Mice with MAS treated with an anti-IFN-γ antibody showed a significant improvement in survival and body weight recovery associated with a significant amelioration of ferritin, fibrinogen, and alanine aminotransferase levels. In mice with MAS, treatment with the anti-IFN-γ antibody significantly decreased circulating levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and downstream proinflammatory cytokines. The decrease in CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels paralleled the decrease in serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and ferritin. CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence for a pathogenic role of IFN-γ in the setting of MAS

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МОЛОЧНОЇ СИРОВАТКИ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ОДЕРЖАННЯ БІОМІНЕРАЛЬНИХ ДОБРИВ З ВІДХОДІВ

The relevance of finding new methods for intensifying the process of obtaining biomineral fertilizers in the anaerobic digestion reactor has been pointed out. The efficiency and effectiveness of milk whey for intensifying the process of anaerobic digestion and improving the quality of biomineral fertilizers obtained from waste products have been suggested and experimentally confirmed. In studies for the production of biomineral fertilizers, the following wastes were used in conjunction with milk whey: phosphate containing precipitate after adsorption of phosphates from urban liquid wastes by a natural sunflower husk and condensed active sludge;  cattle manure with addition of precipitates after coagulation of phosphate extraction;  household waste (%: flour – 11, potatoes – 29, apples – 27 and beets – 33) with the addition of precipitates after the coagulation of phosphates; beet pulp. It was found that with an increase in the ratio of "serum: raw materials" in the substrate from 1:4 to 1:1, the content of mineral substances rises from 5,53 to 12,15%. It has been shown and experimentally proved for the first time that the addition of milk whey to raw material (beet pulp) at a ratio of 1: 1 allows shortening the time spent by the products of processing in the reactor for the production of biomineral fertilizers by 1,5-2,2 times. The highest content of nutrients (%: N – 5,2; P – 5,02; K – 10,1; Cа – 9,85) was found in biomineral fertilizer obtained from a phosphate containing precipitate after processing of urban liquid waste with a natural sunflower based adsorbent  husk and sealed active sludge ferrum(III) chloride. The production tests of the obtained biomineral fertilizers in the technology of growing barley of the spring type «Stalker» and «Tsarevich» varieties are carried out.It has been shown that biomineral fertilizers obtained from waste with the addition of milk whey correspond to the current standards ofUkraineon the content of macro- and micronutrients.The relevance of finding new methods for intensifying the process of obtaining biomineral fertilizers in the anaerobic digestion reactor has been pointed out. The efficiency and effectiveness of milk whey for intensifying the process of anaerobic digestion and improving the quality of biomineral fertilizers obtained from waste products have been suggested and experimentally confirmed. In studies for the production of biomineral fertilizers, the following wastes were used in conjunction with milk whey: phosphate containing precipitate after adsorption of phosphates from urban liquid wastes by a natural sunflower husk and condensed active sludge;  cattle manure with addition of precipitates after coagulation of phosphate extraction;  household waste (%: flour – 11, potatoes – 29, apples – 27 and beets – 33) with the addition of precipitates after the coagulation of phosphates; beet pulp. It was found that with an increase in the ratio of "serum: raw materials" in the substrate from 1:4 to 1:1, the content of mineral substances rises from 5,53 to 12,15%. It has been shown and experimentally proved for the first time that the addition of milk whey to raw material (beet pulp) at a ratio of 1: 1 allows shortening the time spent by the products of processing in the reactor for the production of biomineral fertilizers by 1,5-2,2 times. The highest content of nutrients (%: N – 5,2; P – 5,02; K – 10,1; Cа – 9,85) was found in biomineral fertilizer obtained from a phosphate containing precipitate after processing of urban liquid waste with a natural sunflower based adsorbent  husk and sealed active sludge ferrum(III) chloride. The production tests of the obtained biomineral fertilizers in the technology of growing barley of the spring type «Stalker» and «Tsarevich» varieties are carried out.It has been shown that biomineral fertilizers obtained from waste with the addition of milk whey correspond to the current standards ofUkraineon the content of macro- and micronutrients

Natural killer cell dysfunction is a distinguishing feature of systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and macrophage activation syndrome

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) has been reported in association with many rheumatic diseases, most commonly in systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (sJRA). Clinically, MAS is similar to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a genetic disorder with absent or depressed natural killer (NK) function. We have previously reported that, as in HLH, patients with MAS have profoundly decreased NK activity, suggesting that this abnormality might be relevant to the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Here we examined the extent of NK dysfunction across the spectrum of diseases that comprise juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from patients with pauciarticular (n = 4), polyarticular (n = 16), and systemic (n = 20) forms of JRA. NK cytolytic activity was measured after co-incubation of PBMC with the NK-sensitive K562 cell line. NK cells (CD56(+)/T cell receptor [TCR]-αβ(-)), NK T cells (CD56(+)/TCR-αβ(+)), and CD8(+ )T cells were also assessed for perforin and granzyme B expression by flow cytometry. Overall, NK cytolytic activity was significantly lower in patients with sJRA than in other JRA patients and controls. In a subgroup of patients with predominantly sJRA, NK cell activity was profoundly decreased: in 10 of 20 patients with sJRA and in only 1 of 20 patients with other JRA, levels of NK activity were below two standard deviations of pediatric controls (P = 0.002). Some decrease in perforin expression in NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes was seen in patients within each of the JRA groups with no statistically significant differences. There was a profound decrease in the proportion of circulating CD56(bright )NK cells in three sJRA patients, a pattern similar to that previously observed in MAS and HLH. In conclusion, a subgroup of patients with JRA who have not yet had an episode of MAS showed decreased NK function and an absence of circulating CD56(bright )population, similar to the abnormalities observed in patients with MAS and HLH. This phenomenon was particularly common in the systemic form of JRA, a clinical entity strongly associated with MAS

Neutrophils From Children With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Exhibit Persistent Proinflammatory Activation Despite Long-Standing Clinically Inactive Disease

Background: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a chronic childhood arthropathy with features of autoinflammation. Early inflammatory SJIA is associated with expansion and activation of neutrophils with a sepsis-like phenotype, but neutrophil phenotypes present in longstanding and clinically inactive disease (CID) are unknown. The objective of this study was to examine activated neutrophil subsets, S100 alarmin release, and gene expression signatures in children with a spectrum of SJIA disease activity.Methods: Highly-purified neutrophils were isolated using a two-step procedure of density-gradient centrifugation followed by magnetic-bead based negative selection prior to flow cytometry or cell culture to quantify S100 protein release. Whole transcriptome gene expression profiles were compared in neutrophils from children with both active SJIA and CID.Results: Patients with SJIA and active systemic features demonstrated a higher proportion of CD16+CD62Llo neutrophil population compared to controls. This neutrophil subset was not seen in patients with CID or patients with active arthritis not exhibiting systemic features. Using imaging flow cytometry, CD16+CD62Llo neutrophils from patients with active SJIA and features of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) had increased nuclear hypersegmentation compared to CD16+CD62L+ neutrophils. Serum levels of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 were strongly correlated with peripheral blood neutrophil counts. Neutrophils from active SJIA patients did not show enhanced resting S100 protein release; however, regardless of disease activity, neutrophils from SJIA patients did show enhanced S100A8/A9 release upon PMA stimulation compared to control neutrophils. Furthermore, whole transcriptome analysis of highly purified neutrophils from children with active SJIA identified 214 differentially expressed genes (DEG) compared to neutrophils from healthy controls. The most significantly upregulated gene pathway was Immune System Process, including AIM2, IL18RAP, and NLRC4. Interestingly, this gene set showed intermediate levels of expression in neutrophils from patients with long-standing CID yet persistent serum IL-18 elevation. Indeed, all patient samples regardless of disease activity demonstrated elevated inflammatory gene expression, including inflammasome components and S100A8.Conclusion: We identify features of neutrophil activation in SJIA patients with both active disease and CID, including a proinflammatory gene expression signature, reflecting persistent innate immune activation. Taken together, these studies expand understanding of neutrophil function in chronic autoinflammatory disorders such as SJIA