Impressões da realidade no museu: o uso de animações por espaços de memória

A linguagem da animação vem ocupando, cada vez mais, locais fora de seu universo usual. Entre eles, o museu é um dos espaços onde ela aparece com destaque crescente. Seu uso em projetos de design de exposições traz a reflexão de qual é o seu papel desempenhado, já que sua produção está, normalmente, associada à fantasia e ao universo do entretenimento. Esta pesquisa procura discutir a animação como forma documental produzida por espaços de memória a partir da análise de uma produção realizada por uma instituição brasileira, o Memorial da Resistência de São Paulo. Para tal, será discutido o conceito de animação e do documentário animado, a partir de sua problemática envolvendo a relação entre fantasia e realidade; a autoridade dos museus como instituições sociais, guardiãs de memórias e discursos sobre elas; e questões envolvendo o design de exposições e o uso de tecnologias e linguagens para mediar as suas coleções

Molecular evolution of HoxA13 and the multiple origins of limbless morphologies in amphibians and reptiles

Developmental processes and their results, morphological characters, are inherited through transmission of genes regulating development. While there is ample evidence that cis-regulatory elements tend to be modular, with sequence segments dedicated to different roles, the situation for proteins is less clear, being particularly complex for transcription factors with multiple functions. Some motifs mediating protein-protein interactions may be exclusive to particular developmental roles, but it is also possible that motifs are mostly shared among different processes. Here we focus on HoxA13, a protein essential for limb development. We asked whether the HoxA13 amino acid sequence evolved similarly in three limbless clades: Gymnophiona, Amphisbaenia and Serpentes. We explored variation in ω (dN/dS) using a maximum-likelihood framework and HoxA13sequences from 47 species. Comparisons of evolutionary models provided low ω global values and no evidence that HoxA13 experienced relaxed selection in limbless clades. Branch-site models failed to detect evidence for positive selection acting on any site along branches of Amphisbaena and Gymnophiona, while three sites were identified in Serpentes. Examination of alignments did not reveal consistent sequence differences between limbed and limbless species. We conclude that HoxA13 has no modules exclusive to limb development, which may be explained by its involvement in multiple developmental processes

Life-History Evolution on Tropidurinae Lizards: Influence of Lineage, Body Size and Climate

The study of life history variation is central to the evolutionary theory. In many ectothermic lineages, including lizards, life history traits are plastic and relate to several sources of variation including body size, which is both a factor and a life history trait likely to modulate reproductive parameters. Larger species within a lineage, for example tend to be more fecund and have larger clutch size, but clutch size may also be influenced by climate, independently of body size. Thus, the study of climatic effects on lizard fecundity is mandatory on the current scenario of global climatic change. We asked how body and clutch size have responded to climate through time in a group of tropical lizards, the Tropidurinae, and how these two variables relate to each other. We used both traditional and phylogenetic comparative methods. Body and clutch size are variable within Tropidurinae, and both traits are influenced by phylogenetic position. Across the lineage, species which evolved larger size produce more eggs and neither trait is influenced by temperature components. A climatic component of precipitation, however, relates to larger female body size, and therefore seems to exert an indirect relationship on clutch size. This effect of precipitation on body size is likely a correlate of primary production. A decrease in fecundity is expected for Tropidurinae species on continental landmasses, which are predicted to undergo a decrease in summer rainfall

Evaluation of thrombolytic therapy using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in neonates and infants with thrombosis in the neonatal intensive care unit at ICr - HCFMUSP

OBJETIVO: Relatar a experiência do ICr-HC FMUSP com terapia trombolítica utilizando o ativador de plasminogênio tecidual recombinante (rt-PA) em neonatos com eventos trombóticos graves, em relação à resolução de trombos e complicações hemorrágicas. MÉTODOS: Este estudo retrospetivo incluiu 23 neonatos com eventos trombóticos venosos graves admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, identificados na base de dados de farmácia de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2016 e tratados com rtPA até lise completa ou parcial do coágulo, falha terapêutica ou complicações hemorrágicas. Nosso desfecho primário foi a resolução do trombo. RESULTADOS: Vinte e três neonatos foram tratados com rt-PA por uma média de 2,9 ciclos. Dezenove (82.6%) pacientes apresentaram síndrome da veia cava superior. Todos os pacientes possuíam os seguintes fatores de risco: cateter venoso central, nutrição parenteral, ventilação mecânica e sepse. Quinze pacientes (65.2%) eram extremamente prematuros, onze (47.8%) apresentavam baixo peso ao nascer e sete (30.4%) apresentavam muito baixo peso ao nascer. A taxa de desobstrução do fluxo foi de 86.9%, ocorreu resolução completa em 13 (56,5%) pacientes e resolução parcial em sete (30,4%). Sangramento leve ocorreu em cinco (21.7%) pacientes, quatro pacientes (17.3%) tiveram eventos hemorrágicos não graves clinicamente relevantes e sangramento grave ocorreu em seis (26.0%) pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, a taxa de resolução do trombo em recém-nascidos tratados com rt-PA foram semelhantes às taxas relatadas em crianças e adolescentes, porém com alta taxa de sangramento. Portanto, a terapia trombolítica com rt-PA só deve ser considerada como opção de tratamento em pacientes com trombose grave com risco de morte e nos neonatos em que o benefício do tratamento trombolítico supere os riscos de sangramentoOBJECTIVE: To report a single center experience with thrombolytic therapy using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in neonates with severe thrombotic events, in terms of thrombus resolution and bleeding complications. METHODS: This retrospective study included 23 neonates with severe venous thrombotic events admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, identified in our pharmacy database from January 2001 to December 2016, and treated with rt-PA until complete or partial clot lysis, no-response or bleeding complications. Our primary outcome was thrombus resolution. RESULTS: Twenty-three neonates were treated with rt-PA for an average of 2.9 cycles. Nineteen patients (82.6%) had superior vena cava syndrome. All patients had a central venous catheter, parenteral nutrition, mechanical ventilation, and sepsis. Fifteen patients (65.2%) were extremely preterm, eleven (47.8%) were extremely low birth weight, and seven (30.4%) were very low birth weight. The patency rate was 86.9%, complete lysis occurred in 13 (56.5%) patients, and partial lysis in seven (30.4%). Minor bleeding occurred in five (21.7%) patients, four patients (17.3%) had clinically relevant non-major bleeding events and major bleeding occurred in six (26.0%) patients. CONCLUSION: In this study the rate of thrombus resolution in neonates treated with rt-PA were similar to the percentages reported in children and adolescents, with high rate of bleeding. Therefore, rt-PA thrombolytic therapy should only be considered as a treatment option for severe life-threatening thrombosis in premature neonates for whom the benefits of the thrombolytic treatment outweigh the risks of bleedin

Evolutionary relationship between ecology and snakelike morphology in species of microtelid lizards (Sauria: Gymnophthalmidae)

A evolução da morfologia serpentiforme, caracterizada simultaneamente pelo alongamento do corpo e pela redução de membros locomotores, ocorreu repetidas vezes durante a história evolutiva de Squamata. Alterações em parâmetros morfológicos relacionados à locomoção de um organismo afetam diretamente seu desempenho em atividades essenciais à sobrevivência e à produção de descendentes e, portanto, espera-se que estejam relacionadas a adaptações a características do ambiente ocupado por ele. Estudos ecomorfológicos sugerem que o surgimento de morfologias serpentiformes em Squamata ocorreu frequentemente associado à ocupação de diferentes habitats, resultando em duas ecoformas distintas: espécies epígeas, que geralmente possuem tronco e cauda alongados, e espécies fossoriais, que geralmente possuem tronco alongado e cauda curta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a existência de relações evolutivas entre ecologia e aspectos morfológicos, como alongamento do corpo e redução dos membros, em espécies de lagartos neotropicais da família Gymnophthalmidae, avaliando como essas mudanças influenciam seu desempenho locomotor.Evolution of snakelike morphology, characterized by both body elongationand and limb reduction, has ocurred several times during evolutionary history of Squamata. Changes in morphological parameters related to locomotion directly affect organismal performance in several activities that are crucial to survival and descendent produciton. Therefore, these morphological changes are expected to be adaptive to the environment where the organism occurs. Ecomorphological studies suggests that the evolution of snakelike morphologies in Squamata ocurred frequently associated to the ocupation of different habitats, giving rise to two distinct ecomorphs: grass-swimming species, which generally have elongation of trunk and tail, and fossorial species, which generally have elongation of trunk and short tail. The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of evolutionary relationships between ecology and morphological aspects like body elongation and limb reduction in species of neo-tropical lizard family Gymnophthalmidae, evaluating how these evolutionary changes affect locomotor performance

De novo assembly and annotation of the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) transcriptome

These files are the data associated with the project “De novo assembly and annotation of the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) transcriptome”

Workplace environment in manufacturing industries: prospecting parameters for a POE

O envolvimento na atividade profissional da arquitetura consultiva na área de melhoria de ambientes de trabalho em indústrias levou naturalmente à necessidade de embasar teoricamente certos conceitos empíricos encontrados no dia-a-dia da profissão. A dificuldade em se definir claramente quem é o cliente dentro de um sistema complexo como uma indústria, bem como as inúmeras variáveis envolvidas na avaliação do que seria um bom ambiente de trabalho - dadas as condições intrínsecas do trabalho fabril e sua diversidade - mostraram-se um campo com infinitas possibilidades de abordagem. Uma pesquisa sem pretensões acadêmicas sobre ambientes fabris constatou, por intermédio da escassa bibliografia especializada, a pouquíssima relevância dada à arquitetura industrial e, principalmente, ao ambiente de trabalho gerado dentro das fábricas. Assim, surgiu a oportunidade de se desenvolver uma pesquisa formal cujo objetivo é sistematizar informações que possam fundamentar uma futura estrutura de avaliação pós-ocupação (APO) em indústrias, visando avaliar junto aos usuários finais, ou seja, os trabalhadores de chão de fábrica, sua satisfação em relação ao seu ambiente de trabalho.Working with consultive architecture focused on improving industrial working conditions has led to the need of theoretical basis for some empirical concepts found on daily professional work. The difficulty on clearly defining who is the architects client in such a complex organization as an industry, as well as the countless points involved in a working environment evaluation - due to the inherent conditions of industrial work and its diversity have shown up as an extremely rich research field, with many possibilities of approach. A simple research with no academic purposes has shown the scarce specialized bibliography, evidencing the low prominence of industrial architecture in general and, above all, of industrial work environment. So, it has raised the opportunity to develop a formal research which aims to give basis to a future post-occupation evaluation (POE) structure, in order to inquire final users - wich means the factory-floor workers - their satisfaction concerning to their own work environment

Molecular characterization, antifungal susceptibility and virulence of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus spp

A criptococose é uma infecção fúngica causada principalmente pelas leveduras encapsuladas C. neoformans e C. gattii. Entretanto, C. laurentii vem emergindo como agente causador desta infecção que acomente tanto indivíduos imunocomprometidos quanto indivíduos imunocompetentes. Com o aumento de indivíduos portadores do HIV/AIDS, o número de casos de criptococose vem aumentando. Portanto, o isolamento e a identificação correta das espécies são essenciais para o entendimento dos diferentes casos de criptococose. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estudar as características moleculares e fenotípicas dos isolados clínicos de pacientes com criptococose oriundos do HCFMRP-USP. Foram estudados 80 casos de criptococose onde foram identificados 132 isolados clínicos de Cryptococcus spp. os quais representam uma amostragem retrospectiva por conveniência do período 2012 a 2017. Destes isolados clínicos, 113 foram identificados como C. neoformans, sendo a maioria VNI e 6 VNII, 16 C. gattii VGII e 3 C. laurentii. Entre os casos clínicos, 52 são pacientes sorotipo HIV positivo, 23 pacientes sorotipo HIV negativo e 5 pacientes em que o sorotipo HIV não foi determinado. Foram observados 3 pacientes sorotipo HIV negativo com ausência de doença subjacente que justificasse o desenvolvimento da criptococose. Nestes, as espécies isoladas foram C. neoformans VNI e C. gattii VGII. Quanto aos fatores de virulência cápsula polissacarídica e melanina, a porcentagem linear da cápsula polissacarídica dos isolados clínicos C. neoformans e C. gattii foram semelhantes C. laurentii não apresentou cápsula polissacarídica. Entretanto, ao comparar os isolados clínicos considerando o sorotipo HIV do paciente, a porcentagem linear da cápsula polissacarídica dos isolados clínicos de pacientes sorotipo HIV positivo foi maior. Todos os isolados clínicos foram produtores de melanina, porém com diferentes intensidades. A virulência dos isolados clínicos C. neoformans em larvas de G. mellonella foi considerada maior em comparação a C. gattii e C. laurentii. Todos os isolados clínicos foram sensíveis a anfotericina B e ao voriconazol. Para o itraconazol (ITR) foram observados isolados clínicos com Sensibilidade Dose Dependente (SDD), sendo 8 C. neoformans, 7 C. gattii e 1 C. laurentii. Para fluconazol (FLU) também foram observados isolados clínicos com SDD, sendo 1 C. neoformans e 2 C. gattii. Esse perfil foi observado para os tipos moleculares VNI e VGII. Já para 5-flucitosina (5-FC) apenas os isolados clínicos C. laurentii apresentaram resistência. A susceptibilidade entre os isolados clínicos considerando o sorotipo HIV dos pacientes mostrou que ambos sorotipos apresentaram isolados clínicos com SDD para ITR; paciente sorotipo HIV positivo apresentou isolado clínico com SDD para FLU e paciente HIV negativo apresentou 1 isolado clínico com resistência a 5-FC. Portanto, constatamos neste trabalho que não houveram diferenças distintas ao correlacionar os fatores de virulência e a virulência em G. mellonella entre os isolados clínicos estudados. Além disso, a maioria dos isolados clínicos foi sensível aos antifúngicos utilizados na clínicaCryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by encapsulated yeasts C. neoformans and C. gattii. However, there are other species causing this infection in humans, such as C. laurentii. This infection can affect both immunocompromised individuals and immunocompetent individuals. With the increase in individuals with HIV/AIDS, the number of cases of cryptococcosis has been increasing. In this way, the isolation and correct identification of the species are essential to obtain the different cases of cryptococcosis. The aim of the present study was to study the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of clinical isolates of cryptococcosis patients from HCFMRP-USP. A total of 80 criptococcosis cases were studied in which 132 Cryptococcus sp. strains were isolated. The clinical isolates were a retrospective convenience sampling from the period 2012-2017. Among the clinical isolates, 113 were identified as C. neoformans, being the majority VNI and 6 VNII, 16 C. gattii VGII and 3 C. laurentii. Considering the cryptococcosis cases and HIV serotipe, 52 patients were HIV-positive, 23 HIV-negative and 5 patients with undetermined HIV serotype. Three HIV-negative serotype patients without underlying disease that would justify cryptococcosis were observed. The isolated species were C. neoformans VNI and C. gattii VGII. Regarding the virulence factors, C. neoformans and C. gattii clinical isolates have shown similar linear percentages of the polysaccharide capsule, whereas C. laurentii did not present a polysaccharide capsule. However, when comparing the clinical isolates considering the HIV serotype of the patient, it was observed that the linear percentage of the capsule of the clinical isolates of patients with HIV-positive serotype were higher. All clinical isolates were melanin producers, but with different intensities. The virulence of C. neoformans clinical isolates in G. mellonella larvae was considered higher in comparison to C. gattii and C. laurentii. All clinical isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B and voriconazole. For itraconazole (ITR), clinical isolates with Dependent Dose Sensitivity (DDS) were observed. Among them were 8 C. neoformans, 7 C. gattii and 1 C. laurentii. For fluconazole (FLU), clinical isolates with DDS were also observed (1 C. neoformans and 2 C. gattii). The observed molecular types were VNI and VGII. For flucytosine (5-FC) only the clinical isolates C. laurentii presented resistance. The antifungal susceptibility among the clinical isolates considering the HIV serotype of the patients showed that the ITR presented clinical isolates with DDS for patients with both HIV serologies (positive and negative). FLU presented DDS clinical isolates only form HIV positive serotype patients. 5-FC presented 1 clinical isolate from an HIV negative serotype patient with resistance. Therefore, we verified in this study that there were no differences in the correlation between virulence factors and virulence in G. mellonella among the clinical isolates studied. In addition, the majority of clinical isolates were sensitive to antifungal agents used in the clinical practice for cryptococcosis treatmen

[pt] EXPERIÊNCIA 3 - ELE 1111 - 2005.1 DETERMINAÇÃO DE CONSTANTES DE TEMPO DE CIRCUITOS RC E RL

The evolution of elongated body shapes in vertebrates has intrigued biologists for decades and is particularly recurrent among squamates. Several aspects might explain how the environment influences the evolution of body elongation, but climate needs to be incorporated in this scenario to evaluate how it contributes to morphological evolution. Climatic parameters include temperature and precipitation, two variables that likely influence environmental characteristics, including soil texture and substrate coverage, which may define the selective pressures acting during the evolution of morphology. Due to development of geographic information system (GIS) techniques, these variables can now be included in evolutionary biology studies and were used in the present study to test for associations between variation in body shape and climate in the tropical lizard family Gymnophthalmidae. We first investigated how the morphological traits that define body shape are correlated in these lizards and then tested for associations between a descriptor of body elongation and climate. Our analyses revealed that the evolution of body elongation in Gymnophthalmidae involved concomitant changes in different morphological traits: trunk elongation was coupled with limb shortening and a reduction in body diameter, and the gradual variation along this axis was illustrated by less-elongated morphologies exhibiting shorter trunks and longer limbs. The variation identified in Gymnophthalmidae body shape was associated with climate, with the species from more arid environments usually being more elongated. Aridity is associated with high temperatures and low precipitation, which affect additional environmental features, including the habitat structure. This feature may influence the evolution of body shape because contrasting environments likely impose distinct demands for organismal performance in several activities, such as locomotion and thermoregulation. The present study establishes a connection between morphology and a broader natural component, climate, and introduces new questions about the spatial distribution of morphological variation among squamates

Avaliação dos efeitos promovidos pela sibutramina, associadas ou não à nicotina, nos tecidos reprodutivos de ratas albinas

Sibutramine is a drug recommended clinically for the treatment of obesity, but there are women that use the drug for maintenance of body weight. Many time this use occur associate to habit of tabagism, being the nicotine the main toxic compound in the cigarette. The goal of study was to evaluate the side effects promoted by sibutramine, associated or not to nicotine, in the reproductive tissue of adult female rats. Wistar animals (n = 30), were distributed in the groups: a) Control A (0.3 mL of distilled water; oral); b) Sibutramine (15 mg/kg of body weight; oral); c) Control B (0.3 mL of saline solution; intraperitoneal); d) Nicotine (4.0 mg/kg of body weight; intraperitoneal); e) sibutramine + nicotine. The treatments were conducted during 30 consecutive days (single dose, daily). Sibutramine, associated or not to nicotine, affected the folliculogenesis and luteogenesis. There were significant alterations (p<0.05) in the thickness of uterine layers, considerate each treatment. In conclusion, the administration isolated of sibutramine or nicotine promoted deleterious effects in the reproductive tissues of female rats and these effects were potential in the group that received both drugs.A sibutramina é recomendada clinicamente para o tratamento da obesidade, mas há mulheres que têm feito o uso do fármaco para manutenção do peso corpóreo. Muitas vezes este uso ocorre concomitantemente ao hábito do tabagismo, sendo a nicotina o principal composto tóxico no cigarro. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos colaterais promovidos pela sibutramina, associada ou não à nicotina, no tecido reprodutivo de ratas adultas. Fêmeas da linhagem Wistar (n=30) foram distribuídas nos grupos: a) Controle A (0,3 mL de água destilada; oral); b) Sibutramina (15 mg/kg de peso corpóreo; oral); c) Controle B (0,3 mL de solução fisiológica; intraperitoneal); d) Nicotina (4,0 mg/kg de peso corpóreo; intraperitoneal); e) Sibutramina + Nicotina. Os tratamentos foram realizados durante 30 dias consecutivos (única dose diária). O ciclo estral das ratas manteve-se regular durante o período experimental. A administração de sibutramina associada ou não à nicotina afetou a foliculogênese e luteogênese. Houve alterações significativas (p<0,05) na espessura das camadas teciduais uterina, em função de cada tratamento. Concluiu-se que a administração isolada de sibutramina ou nicotina promoveu efeitos deletérios nos tecidos reprodutivos de ratas e estes efeitos foram potencializados pela associação dos fármacos