Radial increment dynamics in Pinus sylvestris stands within the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

The parameters of periodic increment (5-years) and peculiarities of its change depending on age, diameter, height and volume of trunk of Scots pine are determined. The influence of climate conditions (air temperature and precipitation) on the dynamics of radial increment change of Scots pine trees are established. The results of experimental studies, obtained from 20 temporary sample plots of pine stands within the Northern Steppe of Ukraine are presented. We conducted an estimate of radial increment of Scots pine trunks as a basis for development of normative and information support for assessment of biotic productivity of this category of forest. All selected sample trees had different age and biometric parameters. The age of sample trees ranged from 9 to 90 years; diameter at breast height – from 4.0 to 41.7 cm; height – from 4.2 to 30.0 m, trunk volume – from 0.002 to 1.748 m3. It is found that the radial increment of pine stem was significantly dependent on tree age. The highest values of radial increment of Scots pine trees were observed for trees aged up to 20 years. With increasing age, radial increment had a decreasing trend, including 90-year old trees. Regression models of the dependence of radial increment of pine trees on the age and diameter are presented. In the article, the dependence of the values of radial increment of sample trees from types of forest are demonstrated. The highest values of Scots pine radial increment was observed in sugruds and gruds, which were presented in tree samples of 20 years. Comparative analysis of radial increment change in the trees of one age category, which grew in different conditions, was conducted. The older trees had the maximum increment in the conditions of dry sugrud, and the minimum increment in conditions of fresh subor. Also in this article we used generalized chronology of Scots pine radial increment reflecting regional variability of growth in pine trees. The results supplemented the research obtained earlier with new data on the dependence of the pine radial growth rate on forest-biometric parameters. These experimental data, their graph-analytical evaluation yielded an information basis for modeling the radial increment of pine trees, created on the basis of dependence of this parameter on biometric indexes – age and diameter at breast height

Эвакуация акушерско-гинекологических больных, находящихся в критическом состоянии

Objective: to assess the results of evacuation of critically ill obstetric and gynecological patients by ground and air transports to improve the quality of a specialized medical aid on the basis of the technology developed by the Obstetric Resuscitative Advisory Center (ORAC). Subjects and methods. The study was based on the prospective and retrospective analysis of the results of evacuation of 358 critically ill obstetric and gynecological patients in the presence of severe gestosis (n=162), obstetric hemorrhages (n=74), abdominal (obstetric) sepsis (n=68), as well as pregnant women and puerparas with extragenital pathology (n=54) via ground (26.5%) and air (75.3%) transports by the workers of the ORAC in the period of 1998-2006. Results. Complex intensive care aimed at correcting major critical states, performed during evacuation by a resuscitative-advisory team, could provide the steady-state values of vital functions during transportation of obstetric and gynecological patients. Conclusion. A scheme has been developed for safe evacuation of critically ill obstetric and gynecological patients via ground and air transports by the ORAC workers. Key words: patient evacuation, gestosis, hemorrhage, sepsis, obstetrics, gynecology.Цель исследования — оценка результатов эвакуации больных в критическом состоянии с акушерско-гинекологичес-кой патологией наземным и воздушным транспортом для улучшения качества оказания специализированной медицинской помощи на основе технологии АРКЦ. Материал и методы. Работа основана на ретроспективном и проспективном анализе результатов эвакуации 358 пациенток с акушерско-гинекологической патологией в критическом состоянии на фоне тяжелых форм гестоза (162 случая), акушерских кровотечений (74), абдоминального (акушерского) сепсиса (68), а также у беременных и родильниц с экстрагенитальной патологией (54) наземным (26,5%) и воздушным (75,3%) транспортом силами акушерского реанимационно-консультативного центра за период 1998—2006 годы. Результаты исследования. Комплексная интенсивная терапия, направленная на коррекцию основных синдромов критического состояния, проводимая в процессе эвакуации реанимационно-консультативной бригадой, позволила обеспечить стабильные показатели жизненно-важных функций организма в процессе транспортировки больных с акушерско-гинекологической патологией. Заключение. Разработана схема безопасной эвакуации пациентов с акушерско-гинекологической патологией в критическом состоянии наземным и воздушным транспортом силами акушерского реанимационно-консультативного центра. Ключевые слова: эвакуация больных, гестоз, кровотечение, сепсис, акушерство и гинекология

Аналіз показників асиміляційної складової у структурі надземної фітомаси деревних порід степових лісостанів України

The purpose this research is to study the parameters of leaf (needle) share in the trees’ greenery fraction and the content of absolutely dry matter in fresh leaves of black locust and Scots pine. The leaf (needle) share in the trees greenery fraction and the content of absolutely dry matter were determined by their quantitative measures (weight and volume). The results of the research reveal that the leaf share in the structure of a tree’s greenery fraction has a broad range of values: 43.0–72.8% for black locust and 49.1–75.4% for Scots pine. The minimum value of this parameter was recorded for an overmature Robinia specimen of 41 years of age, while the maximum was for a 3-year-old tree. For pine trees the lowest values of the given parameter were registered for the spcimens aged 38, 49 and 84, the maximum – for 30–31-year-old trees. For both investigated species it should be noted that there is a consistent pattern indicated by the following trend line: with the increase of tree age, height and trunk diameter, there is a decrease of leaf share value in the trees’ greenery fraction. Such characteristic parameter as absolutely dry mass has a sufficient range of values from 0.321 to 0.524, with the extreme values for the trees belonging to the young stock group in the case of the black locust. The absolutely dry matter content in Scots pine needles showed a significant variability of values from 0.426 to 0.620. The trend line shows a tendency of increase in the value of absolutely dry matter mass in the leaves of both investigated species with the increase in the values of the tree taxation parameters. There is no statistically proven dependency of the parameter indicating leaf share in the trees greenery fraction on the age, trunk diameter and height of trees. The most important biometric indicator, which shows a moderate relationship with the greenery fraction of a tree is the average diameter of the trunk of model trees of the two studied species. This is confirmed by values of correlation coefficients. The indicator of greenery fraction is inversely dependent on the height, trunk diameter and tree age, i.e. the increase in the values of these parameters leads to the decrease in the share of the photosynthetic active component of  trees of the studied tree species in the steppe zone. The value of leaf (needle) share in trees’ greenery fraction decreases with the increasing age, height and diameter values, which is quite natural. Correlation indices of absolutely dry matter according to age, height and diameter of sample trees have negative values, while the index of leaf (needle) share of trees’ greenery fraction has a direct correlation with all the studied influence factors. Подано результати досліджень асимілювальної складової надземної фітомаси – частка листя (хвої) та вміст абсолютно сухої речовини у листі (хвої) у фракції деревної зелені головних лісотвірних порід лісостанів Північного Степу України – Pinus sylvestris L. та Robinia pseudoacacia L. Значення показників частки листя (хвої) у структурі асимілювальної складової робінії звичайної та сосни звичайної перебувають у певному діапазоні, який демонструє їх залежність від основних таксаційних показників деревостанів. Спостерігається зменшення даного показника зі збільшенням віку та зі зростанням середнього діаметра та висоти стовбура для двох досліджуваних деревних порід. Виявлено тренди, що демонструють зміни значень вмісту абсолютно сухої речовини у листі робінії звичайної та у хвої сосни звичайної. Висока варіабельність абсолютних значень вмісту сухої речовини у листі робінії зафіксована за умов однакових значень віку, діаметра стовбура та висоти модельних дерев. Показники вмісту абсолютно сухої речовини у хвої сосни звичайної, навпаки, мають тенденцію до підвищення відносно досліджуваних таксаційних параметрів. Подано результати досліджень асимілювальної складової надземної фітомаси – частка листя (хвої) та вміст абсолютно сухої речовини у листі (хвої) у фракції деревної зелені головних лісотвірних порід лісостанів Північного Степу України – Pinus sylvestris L. та Robinia pseudoacacia L. Значення показників частки листя (хвої) у структурі асимілювальної складової робінії звичайної та сосни звичайної перебувають у певному діапазоні, який демонструє їх залежність від основних таксаційних показників деревостанів. Спостерігається зменшення даного показника зі збільшенням віку та зі зростанням середнього діаметра та висоти стовбура для двох досліджуваних деревних порід. Виявлено тренди, що демонструють зміни значень вмісту абсолютно сухої речовини у листі робінії звичайної та у хвої сосни звичайної. Висока варіабельність абсолютних значень вмісту сухої речовини у листі робінії зафіксована за умов однакових значень віку, діаметра стовбура та висоти модельних дерев. Показники вмісту абсолютно сухої речовини у хвої сосни звичайної, навпаки, мають тенденцію до підвищення відносно досліджуваних таксаційних параметрів.

Albedo of the soil cover as a factor of the temporal dynamics of readily available soil moisture in the technosols of the Nikopol manganese ore basin

The simulation of moisture content in Nikopol manganese ore basin technosols was performed using the Penman-Monteith approach and evaluate the role of the dependence of soils surface albedo from the humidity in the intensity of evapotranspiration. The sod lithogenic soils on loess-like loam and pedozem were chosen as the objects of the investigation. The research was conducted during 2012–2014 years at the investigation station of the remediation within Nikopol manganese ore basin (city Pokrov, Ukraine). The evapotranspiration from the soil surface was calculated by means of Penman-Monteith equation. Root zone moisture depletion is evaluated as the difference between soil water content at field capacity (pF = 2.3) and actual soil water content. The Ks value which is a water stress factor equals 1.0 as long as soil water content is higher than readily available water. If soil water content is lower than readily available water, Ks decreases linearly from one to zero according to total available soil water consumed. The soil water balance is performed in ISAREG with a daily time. The evaluation of readily available water content was carried out based on Penman-Monteith model taking into account meteorological data, technosols water-physical properties and the dependence of soil surface albedo on soil humidity. The color of the surface of the sod-lithogenic soil on the loess-like loam varies from yellow (2.5Y 4/2) in wet condition to yellow-red (10YR 6/5) in the dry condition. Albedo of this soil depended on the humidity varies in the range 0.17–0.31. The surface color of the pedozem varies from very dark gray (10YR 3/1) in wet condition to light-gray (2.5YR 6/2) in the dry condition. Albedo of this soil depended on the humidity varies in the range 0.10–0.31. There is a linear relationship between the moisture content in the soil and albedo of the soil surface. Albedo changes along with the humidity are most significant in the sod-lithogenic soils on loess-like loams. This is confirmed by the greatest regression coefficient. Albedo changes along with the moisture content are least significant in the pedozem. The distributionі of this index for different teсhnosols are characterized by a high level of similarity of shape due to the fact that the overall climate factors are crucial in shaping the dynamics of moisture. The distributions can be most good represented as a complex mixture of normal distributions. It was found that water supplies monitoring before the start of the growing season can provide valuable information necessary for the selection of crops for cultivation in the current year. The results indicate the urgency of measures to save the winter rainfall on the fields

Hadronic Structure in the Decay τ−→π−π0ντ\tau^{-}\to \pi^{-}\pi^{0}\nu_{\tau}

We report on a study of the invariant mass spectrum of the hadronic system in the decay tau- -> pi- pi0 nu_tau. This study was performed with data obtained with the CLEO II detector operating at the CESR e+ e- collider. We present fits to phenomenological models in which resonance parameters associated with the rho(770) and rho(1450) mesons are determined. The pi- pi0 spectral function inferred from the invariant mass spectrum is compared with data on e+ e- -> pi+ pi- as a test of the Conserved Vector Current theorem. We also discuss the implications of our data with regard to estimates of the hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment.Comment: 39 pages postscript, also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN

A Search for Charmless B→VVB\to VV Decays

We have studied two-body charmless decays of the $B$ meson into the final states $\rho^0 \rho^0$, $K^{*0} \rho^0$, $K^{*0} K^{*0}$, $K^{*0} \bar{K^{*0}}$, $K^{*+} \rho^0$, $K^{*+} \bar{K^{*0}}$, and $K^{*+} K^{*-}$ using only decay modes with charged daughter particles. Using 9.7 million $B \bar{B}$ pairs collected with the CLEO detector, we place 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions, $(0.46-7.0)\times 10^{-5}$, depending on final state and polarization.Comment: 8 pages postscript, also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN

Truncation, validity, uncertainties

The truncation of the standard-model effective field theory, its validity andthe associated uncertainties have been discussed in meetings of the LHC EFT WG.Proposals were made by participants to address these issues. No consensus wasreached and no formal recommendation is therefore put forward at this time.None of the proposals has been approved or validated and further work is neededto establish a prescription. This note aims at summarizing the proposals andpoints of debate.<br

Search for a Scalar Bottom Quark with Mass 3.5-4.5 GeV/c2c^{2}

We report on a search for a supersymmetric $\tilde{B}$ meson with mass between 3.5 and 4.5 GeV/$c^2$ using 4.52 ${\rm fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity produced at $\sqrt{s}=10.52$ GeV, just below the $e^+e^-\to B\bar{B}$ threshold, and collected with the CLEO detector. We find no evidence for a light scalar bottom quark.Comment: 10 pages postscript, also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN

Truncation, validity, uncertainties

The truncation of the standard-model effective field theory, its validity andthe associated uncertainties have been discussed in meetings of the LHC EFT WG.Proposals were made by participants to address these issues. No consensus wasreached and no formal recommendation is therefore put forward at this time.None of the proposals has been approved or validated and further work is neededto establish a prescription. This note aims at summarizing the proposals andpoints of debate.<br