Analysis of environment state in technogenic region and its threat to public health.

The purpose of the research is to give a complex hygienic evaluation of environment state in Donetsk region and to determine the degree of their potential danger to population health. It includes air pollution, water contamination, state of soil. Nearly 43000 samples of air, 32000 drinking water samples and 4500 soil samples were analyzed. Regions with the highest rate of environmental pollution were defined. It was found that the main sources of environment pollution in Donetsk region are ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy enterprises, power, coal, building industry and transport. All other sources ac­count for only 5-10% of total emissions. Level of harmful technogenic pressing on population’s health was determined

Molecular and cellular basis in prediction of gastric cancer: a multidisciplinary research experience

A self-review of the results of multidisciplinary studies on the development of a predictive system for intestinal type gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma) is present. The authors' studies carried out in 2007-2017 in light of recent concepts of prediction and prevention of gastric cancer are discussed. The predictive model for gastric cancer is proposed. This includes an evaluation of inflammatory cytokine genes nucleotide polymorphisms, aberrant expression of microRNA, detection of tissue patterns of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (metaplastic atrophy), principles and possibilities of pathomorphological monitoring.Представлен самообзор результатов мультидисциплинарных исследований по разработке предиктивной системы в отношении рака желудка кишечного типа (аденокарциномы). Обсуждаются исследования авторов, выполненные в 2007-2017 годах в аспекте современных концепций предикции и превенции рака желудка. Предложена модель предикции рака желудка, включающая оценку нуклеотидных замен в генах воспалительных цитокинов, аберрантную экспрессию микроРНК, детекцию тканевых паттернов атрофии и метапластической атрофии слизистой оболочки желудка, принципы и возможности патоморфологического мониторинга

CORRECTION OF OCULAR SURFACE CHANGES IN POST-LASIK PATIENTS

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of a fixed combination of sodium hyaluronate, D-panthenol, chondroitin sulfate sodium (SH+D+CS) and a tear substitute based on sodium hyaluronate (SH) in the correction of post-LASIK ocular surface changes. Material and methods. The study involved 60 patients with moderate myopia (before and after LASIK). In the group 1 (30 patients, 30 eyes) the SH+D+CS combination was instilled postoperatively 3-5 times daily, in the group 2 (30 patients, 30 eyes) SH – 3-5 times daily. Ophthalmological examinations, a detection and an evaluation of dry eye (DE) symptoms, tear film break up time (TFBT), optical coherence meniscometry, evaluation of xerosis index (XI) (lyssamine green staining) were performed in all the patients.  Results. Significant ocular surface changes were identified in both groups in the postoperative period: DE symptoms, decrease of TFBT, decrease of lower tear meniscus height (LTMH), increase of XI. The DES therapy was effective in both groups. At the same time, significantly more pronounced increase of TFBT and LTMH (10 and 40 days after LASIK, p< 0.05) as well as a significantly more pronounced decrease of XI (40 days after LASIK, p< 0.05) were noted in the group 1. Conclusion. Thus, the application of the fixed combination of SH+D+CS allows to achieve significantly more pronounced improvement of ocular surface conditions in the post-LASIK status than the application of a tear substitute based on SH

Novel complex therapy of autumnal allergic blepharoconjuctivitis

Aim. To assess the effectivity of autumnal allergic blepharoconjuctivitis complex therapy.Methods. 25 autumnal allergic blepharoconjuctivitis patients (50 eyes) were examined before and after complex treatment that included olopatadine hydrochloride 1 mg / ml (instillations 2 times a day), cetirizine 10 mg (1 tablet a day), and steroid drug (insufflations 2 times a day). Dry eye patients additionally received hyaluronic acid 1 mg / ml (instillations 2 times a day). 10 controls (20 eyes) were prescribed only the above-mentioned treatment. In 15 study group patients (30 eyes), Blepharogel 1 was applied on lid margins. Routine eye examination, clinical symptom assessment, Schirmer’s and Norn’s tests, xerosis meter and lissamine green staining evaluation, and anterior segment photography with computed morphometry were performed.Results. Compositae allergy was diagnosed in all patients. Dry eye due to tear film instability, lipid deficiency, and mucin deficiency and epitheliopathy were diagnosed in 55 %, 35.5 % and 28.3 %, respectively. In study group, the treatment significantly and rapidly reduced patient-reported symptoms and blepharoconjunctivitis signs as well as significantly improved tear stability, lipid deficiency, mucin deficiency, and epitheliopathy as compared with controls.Conclusion. Blepharogel 1 as a component of complex therapy increases the efficacy of autumnal allergic blepharoconjuctivitis treatment

Dry Eye Epidemiology in Patients before Refractive Operations

Purpose. To evaluate the prevalence, clinical severity, clinical and pathogenetic variants and etiology of dry eye (DE) in patientsbefore refractive surgery. Methods. OSDI testing, lipid interferential test, TBUT, Shirmer-1, -2 tests, compression Norn test in Korbmodification, calculation of xerosis index by Bijsterveld, tear meniscus index evaluation, LIPCOF test, evaluation of epitheliopaty and microerosion by Tseng and lid viper epitheliopaty were performed in 600 myopia (with or without astigmatism) patients (234 men, 366 women; 30.1 ± 6.26 years old) before refractive surgery. The structure of the DE etiological conditions, was studied both in DE patients and non-DE subjects with calculation of the Pearson xi-square test. To estimate the strength of the connection between the etiological condition and the DE, the normalized value of the Pearson coefficient (C') was used. Results. The dry eye prevalence was 38.83% (of them, 71.76% was mild, 28.83% — moderate, by Brzhesky). Clinical and pathogenetic variants of mild DE included: lipid deficiency (53.29%); lipid-mucin deficiency (26.95%); mucin deficiency (11.38%); state without signs of lipid or mucin deficiency (8.38%). In patients with moderate DE were identified: isolated aqueous deficiency (6.06%); aqueous-lipid deficiency (34.85%); aqueous-mucin deficiency (7.58%); aqueous-lipid-mucin deficiency (51.52%). Statistically significant (р < 0.01) etiological conditions for the disease in patients with diagnosed DE include: contact lenses wearing (C' = 0.349); visual display use (C' = 0.342); the use of medication affecting tear production or tear film stability (C' = 0.41); application of cosmetics (cosmetic pencil or mascara) in the intercostal space of the eyelid margin — in the area of the excretory ducts of the meibomian glands (C' = 0.44); meibomian glands dysfunction (C' = 0.782); chronic allergic conjunctivitis (C' = 0.543); the presence of gynecological pathology (C' = 0.413); thyroid gland diseases (C' = 0.32); allergy (C' = 0.563); female sex (C' = 0.559). Conclusion: Raising the awareness of ophthalmologists about the prevalence of early DE manifestations in patients before refractive surgery will help optimize the detection of this pathology. The obtained data on the structure of DE clinical and pathogenetic variants and the etiological prerequisites can serve as a basis for the development of therapy. One of the most prevalence and significant etiological condition for DE was MGD, leading to lipid-deficiency, which determines the direction of etio-pathogenetic treatment — the eyelids hygiene

Genotyping, Assessment of Virulence and Antibacterial Resistance of the Rostov Strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Attributed to the Central Asia Outbreak Clade

The Central Asia Outbreak (CAO) clade is a growing public health problem for Central Asian countries. Members of the clade belong to the narrow branch of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype and are characterized by multidrug resistance and increased transmissibility. The Rostov strain of M. tuberculosis isolated in Russia and attributed to the CAO clade based on PCR-assay and whole genome sequencing and the laboratory strain H37Rv were selected to evaluate the virulence on C57Bl/6 mice models by intravenous injection. All mice infected with the Rostov strain succumbed to death within a 48-day period, while more than half of the mice infected by the H37Rv strain survived within a 90-day period. Mice weight analysis revealed irreversible and severe depletion of animals infected with the Rostov strain compared to H37Rv. The histological investigation of lung and liver tissues of mice on the 30th day after injection of mycobacterial bacilli showed that the pattern of pathological changes generated by two strains were different. Moreover, bacterial load in the liver and lungs was higher for the Rostov strain infection. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the drug-resistant Rostov strain exhibits a highly virulent phenotype which can be partly explained by the CAO-specific mutations