GOD THE LIFE-GIVER: 4 MACCABEES, 4 EZRA, AND PAUL’S LETTER TO THE GALATIANS IN CONVERSATION ON THE GIFT OF LIFE

This thesis reads 4 Maccabees and 4 Ezra in dialogue with Galatians on the topic of God as life-giver and life as divine gift. Scholars have occasionally noted parallels between the vocabulary and themes of these texts—especially, Gal 3 – 4 and 4 Ezra 3 – 10 and Gal 5 – 6 and 4 Macc—but their conceptions of divine life-giving benefaction have not been analysed. This thesis aims to fill this scholarly lacuna and, by placing these texts in conversation, to expose and compare the theological logics of Galatians, 4 Maccabees, and 4 Ezra. Part one provides separate readings of 4 Maccabees and 4 Ezra 3 – 10 on divine life-giving benefaction. Chapter one argues that 4 Maccabees’ apologetic blending of Hellenistic virtue ethics with Jewish theology depends on a conception of God’s gift of the Torah to order the mind at creation as inviolable, while God’s life-giving and death-dealing activity in history and at the eschaton grounds and vindicates this order. Chapter two argues that, because 4 Ezra considers irrevocable the divine donation of life as Torah-ordered freedom at creation, its apocalyptic, two-ages theodicy explains the fall of Zion and occlusion of historical justice as a function of the epistemological (not moral) estrangement of the inhabitants of the fallen, ‘dying’ cosmos. Part two reads Galatians from the perspective of the concerns of 4 Maccabees and 4 Ezra. Chapter three considers how the presentations of Eleazar and Ezra as exemplary recipients of Torah-ordered created life raise questions about Paul’s understanding of the divine donation of creation and the Torah, given his presentation of himself as an unworthy recipient of life in the Christ-gift (Gal 1 – 2). Chapter four hosts a debate with 4 Ezra over Paul’s reading of scripture and salvation-history (Gal 3 – 4), arguing that Paul considers the law to be fitted to humanity’s ‘dead’ estate in view of the eschatological life created and ordered in the Christ-gift by the Spirit. Chapter five argues, through debate with 4 Maccabees, that Paul’s conception of the gift of ‘life’ to the unworthy ‘dead’ reaches its climax in an inchoate theory of moral agency and account of moral order (Gal 5 – 6). In this way, this study unites streams of scholarship on grace and ‘life’ texts both to further understanding of the theological relation between Paul and his Jewish contemporaries and to propose a new account of the theological logic of Galatians

LANDLORD AND TENANT-LIABILITY OF LANDLORD TO PERSONS ON THE PREMISES-THE CONCEALED DEFECTS EXCEPTION

Plaintiff sought to recover for injuries suffered in consequence of the defective condition of a stairway in the manufacturing plant leased by her employer from defendant. The stairway was in the sole control of the tenant at the time of the injury; the lease stipulated that no warranty was made as to the condition of the premises; and the sole obligation to repair was borne by the tenant. Liability was claimed, however, upon the contention that the stairway had been in dangerous condition at the time of the letting. It was apparently little used, and plaintiff had used it only once before in eight months. No claim was made that the nature of her purpose at the time of the injury did not preclude use of one of the stairways customarily used. There was no evidence that either the landlord or the tenant knew of the condition, but whatever danger existed was apparently entirely patent. On appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, held, judgment directing a verdict in favor of the landlord reversed. Liability can be predicated on grounds of negligence when premises are let in an unsafe and dangerous condition, if the lessor knew or should have known of the dangerous condition. An employee of the tenant stands in the position of a third person whose right to recovery is not barred by any contract between his employer and the landlord. Kaylor v. Magill, (6th Cir. 1950) 181 F. (2d) 179

LABOR LAW - LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS ACT -APPLICABILITY OF NON-COMMUNIST AFFIDAVIT TO PARENT FEDERATION

The language of section 9(h) of Title I of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 conditions assertion of rights under the act by a labor organization upon its submission to the Labor Board of particularly described affidavits executed by each of its local officers and the officers of any national or international labor organization of which it is an affiliate or constituent unit. The Board had considered the scope of the quoted phrase not to include the federation type of organization. The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit had agreed with the Board\u27s construction. The Fourth and Fifth Circuits, and one district court, had taken a contrary view. The Supreme Court in the recent decision in NLRB v. Highland Park Manufacturing Company accepts the latter view

Alleviating a form of electric vehicle range anxiety through On-Demand vehicle access

On-demand vehicle access is a method that can be used to reduce types of range anxiety problems related to planned travel for electric vehicle owners. Using ideas from elementary queueing theory, basic QoS metrics are defined to dimension a shared fleet to ensure high levels of vehicle access. Using mobility data from Ireland, it is argued that the potential cost of such a system is very low

On the Design of Campus Parking Systems with QoS guarantees

Parking spaces are resources that can be pooled together and shared, especially when there are complementary day-time and night-time users. We answer two design questions. First, given a quality of service requirement, how many spaces should be set aside as contingency during day-time for night-time users? Next, how can we replace the first-come-first-served access method by one that aims at optimal efficiency while keeping user preferences private

An Assessment on the Use of Stationary Vehicles as a Support to Cooperative Positioning

In this paper, we consider the use of stationary vehicles as tools to enhance the localisation capabilities of moving vehicles in a VANET. We examine the idea in terms of its potential benefits, technical requirements, algorithmic design and experimental evaluation. Simulation results are given to illustrate the efficacy of the technique.Comment: This version of the paper is an updated version of the initial submission, where some initial comments of reviewers have been taken into accoun

Rising from the Flames: How Researching Burnout Impacted Two Academic Librarians

In 2021, four tenure-track academic librarians surveyed academic library workers who are parents to gauge how parenting affects symptoms of burnout. The COVID-19 pandemic caused an explosion of burnout related literature resulting in an oversaturation of the word in today’s society; however, the authors remain deeply impacted by their research. In this paper, two of those four librarians reflect on the effect that the survey on burnout had on their approaches to management, work, and personal life. Societal pressures to ‘return to normal’ has not alleviated burnout, instead these pressures caused these librarians to reframe their views around what library workers need to thrive. Using a combination of current literature and reflection, the authors share personal strategies for managers and employees to alleviate or potentially prevent burnout among library employees

LABOR LAW-BOYCOTTS AND COERCION OF NEUTRAL EMPLOYERS UNDER THE TAFT-HARTLEY ACT

Four decisions rendered by the Supreme Court. at the close of the 1950 term may alleviate some of the confusion inherent in section 8(b)( 4)(A) of Title I of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947. This section, whose concern is with the motive with which union activity is undertaken, rather than with the character of the activity itself, is probably the most broadside in the act. In essence, it purports to prohibit labor unions from engaging in or inducing strikes and concerted refusals to handle goods, where an object thereof is ... forcing or requiring . . . any employer or other person ... to cease doing business with any other person

Spectral radiometry and tropospheric aerosols: Report of panel

The term aerosols, as used here, refers to the haze, smoke, and dust that appear in the troposphere. The term does not refer to the hydrometeors in cumulus and stratus clouds but does include the sulfuric acid-water droplets which are assumed to predominate in the stratospheric aerosol layer. The aerosol properties that were measured from satellites and those which can be made in the near term (up to 1992) will be reviewed. The capabilities that will exist in the years 1992 to 2000, with implementation of EOS, are then discussed. Finally, a few words will be said concerning the potential for aerosol measurements for the decade after 2000