Humic substances isolated from residues of sugar cane industry as root growth promoter Substâncias húmicas isoladas de resíduos da indústria da cana-de-açúcar como promotoras de crescimento radicular

Plant growth promoting substances are widely used in modern agriculture. Several products in the market are humic substances isolated from different sources. The filter cake, a residue of sugar production, is a rich and renewable source of organic matter and these characteristics place the filter cake as a possible source of plant growth promoting substances. Humic acids (HA) from filter cake were characterized, and their effects as root growth promoters were evaluated. Chemical features of the HA were evaluated through elemental composition, acidic functional groups, E4/E6 ratio and infrared spectroscopy analyzes. The biological activity of the HA was assessed using root architecture parameters and the P-type H+-ATPase activity. The lateral root development was directly related to the stimulation of plasma membrane ATPase activity. The ability of HA to promote root development indicate that HA from filter cake can be used as environmental plant growth stimulators.<br>Substâncias promotoras do crescimento vegetal são amplamente utilizadas na agricultura moderna. Existem vários produtos no mercado, muitos dos quais são substâncias húmicas isoladas de diferentes fontes. A torta de filtro, um resíduo da produção do açúcar, é uma fonte rica e renovável de matéria orgânica e essas características a tornam uma possível fonte de substâncias promotoras do crescimento vegetal. Ácidos húmicos (AH) da torta de filtro foram caracterizados, e foi avaliado seu efeito como promotor de crescimento radicular. As características químicas dos AH foram avaliadas por meio da composição elementar, grupos funcionais ácidos, relação E4/E6 e espectroscopia de infravermelho. A atividade biológica dos AH foi acessada avaliando-se a arquitetura radicular e a atividade da H+-ATPase de membrana plasmática. O desenvolvimento de raízes laterais foi diretamente relacionado ao estímulo da atividade da H+-ATPase. A habilidade dos AH em promover o desenvolvimento radicular indica que AH extraídos da torta de filtro podem ser utilizados como estimuladores do crescimento de plantas

LHCb particle identification upgrade technical design report

The LHCb upgrade will take place in the second long shutdown of the LHC, currently scheduled to begin in 2018. The upgrade will enable the experiment to run at luminosities of 2 x 10^33cm^-2s^-1 and will read out data at a rate of 40MHz into a flexible software-based trigger. All sub-detectors of LHCb will be re-designed to comply with these new operating conditions. This Technical Design Report presents the upgrade plans of the Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) system, the calorimeter system and the muon system, which together provide the particle identification capabilities of the experiment

LHCb VELO upgrade technical design report

The upgraded LHCb VELO silicon vertex detector is a lightweight hybrid pixel detector capable of 40 MHz readout at a luminosity of 2 x 10^33 cm^-2 s^-1. The track reconstruction speed and precision is enhanced relative to the current VELO detector even at the high occupancy conditions of the upgrade, due to the pixel geometry and a closest distance of approach to the LHC beams of just 5.1 mm for the first sensitive pixel. Cooling is provided by evaporative CO2 circulating in microchannel cooling substrates. The detector contains 41 million 55 um x 55 um pixels, read out by the custom developed VeloPix front end ASIC. The detector will start operation together with the rest of the upgraded LHCb experiment after the LHC LS2 shutdown, currently scheduled to end in 2019. This Technical Design Report describes the upgraded VELO system, planned construction and installation, and gives an overview of the expected detector performance

LHCb tracker upgrade technical design report

The upgrade of the LHCb detector will extend the physics reach of the experiment by allowing it to run at higher luminosity, Linst = 2 x 1033 cm\uf02d2 s\uf02d1, with increased trigger e_ciency for a wide range of decay channels. This is facilitated by the implementation of new front-end electronics, designed such that complete events can be read out and sent to the LHCb data acquisition farm for selection by a full software trigger, every 25 ns. The upgraded LHCb detector is conceived to take physics data for an integrated luminosity of at least 50 fb bc0 c001. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the upgrade of the two tracking subsystems, located just before and just after the LHCb dipole magnet. The tracking detector before the magnet (the Upstream Tracker) will be composed of new, high-granularity silicon micro-strip planes with an improved coverage of the LHCb acceptance. Behind the magnet, a Scintillating Fibre Tracker will be built, which is composed of 2.5m long _bres read out by silicon photomultipliers at the edge of the acceptance. The performance of the two tracking detectors and of the LHCb tracking software are presented, as well as the cost, schedule and task sharing

Determination of the quark coupling strength vertical bar V-ub vertical bar using baryonic decays

In the Standard Model of particle physics, the strength of the couplings of the b quark to the u and c quarks, vertical bar V-ub vertical bar and vertical bar V-ub vertical bar, are governed by the coupling of the quarks to the Higgs boson. Using data from the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, the probability for the Lambda(0)(b) baryon to decay into the p mu(-)(nu) over bar (mu) final state relative to the Lambda(+)(c)mu(-)(nu) over bar (mu) final state is measured. Combined with theoretical calculations of the strong interaction and a previously measured value of vertical bar V-ub vertical bar, the first vertical bar V-ub vertical bar measurement to use a baryonic decay is performed. This measurement is consistent with previous determinations of vertical bar V-ub vertical bar using B meson decays to specific final states and confirms the existing incompatibility with those using an inclusive sample of final states