Structure of 5-nitro-2-tosylaminobenzaldehyde di(morpholin-4-yl)aminal Complex with Carbon Tetrachloride

The 5-nitro-2-tosylaminobenzaldehyde di(morpholin-4-yl)aminal forms a stable complex with carbon tetrachloride in the crystal phase. X-ray structural study of this complex indicates an essentially shortened intermolecular contact of 2.89 Å between the oxygen atom of the nitro group and one of the chlorine atom of the CCI4 molecule. Quantum-chemical calculations by semiempirical AMI method showed that the formation of such complex did not cause considerable decrease of system energy or change of charge distribution in molecules. It was supposed that this associate has van der Waals character

STUDY OF MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE BY MULTICOLOR FLOW CYTOMETRY IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA AFTER AUTOLOGOUS HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

The frequency of achieving complete remission, as well as overall and disease-free survival, in multiple myeloma (MM) had increased due to introduction in MM treatment regimens of high-dose chemotherapy with following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However the number of relapses remains high, caused by persistence of residual tumor cells, i.e., the presence of minimal residual disease (MRD). One of the methods for MRD study is multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) where abnormal expression of surface antigens on myeloma plasma cells (PC) is determined. The aim of our study was to investigate the MRD by MFC before and after ASCT, the frequency of MRD-negative status achievement in complete remission (CR) patients at +100 days after ASCT and the frequency of abnormal expressed antigens on myeloma plasma cells. The study included40 MMpatients in CR at +100 days after ASCT and showed that the most common aberrations of PC were: abnormal absence of CD19 and/or CD27, decreased expression of CD38 and abnormal presence of CD56. The proportion of myeloma PCs from all bone marrow cells decreased significantly after ASCT: 20 % of patients acquired MRD-negative status, 10 % had a decrease in the number of abnormal PCs by one fold. Analysis of probability of immunochemical relapse showed that the worst prognosis was in patients with MRD-positive status before and after ASCT. During the MRD monitoring within 3-18 months, MRD-relapses were detected with the subsequent development of immunochemical relapse. The detection MRD in the dynamics is more informative than the study at only one step of therapy. It may help to select more adequate treatment for patient with multiple myeloma in each specific case

Sequence-Specific Binding of Recombinant Zbed4 to DNA: Insights into Zbed4 Participation in Gene Transcription and Its Association with Other Proteins

Zbed4, a member of the BED subclass of Zinc-finger proteins, is expressed in cone photoreceptors and glial Müller cells of human retina whereas it is only present in Müller cells of mouse retina. To characterize structural and functional properties of Zbed4, enough amounts of purified protein were needed. Thus, recombinant Zbed4 was expressed in E. coli and its refolding conditions optimized for the production of homogenous and functionally active protein. Zbed4’s secondary structure, determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy, showed that this protein contains 32% α-helices, 18% β-sheets, 20% turns and 30% unordered structures. CASTing was used to identify the target sites of Zbed4 in DNA. The majority of the DNA fragments obtained contained poly-Gs and some of them had, in addition, the core signature of GC boxes; a few clones had only GC-boxes. With electrophoretic mobility shift assays we demonstrated that Zbed4 binds both not only to DNA and but also to RNA oligonucleotides with very high affinity, interacting with poly-G tracts that have a minimum of 5 Gs; its binding to and GC-box consensus sequences. However, the latter binding depends on the GC-box flanking nucleotides. We also found that Zbed4 interacts in Y79 retinoblastoma cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins Scaffold Attachment Factor B1 (SAFB1), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and cellular myosin 9 (MYH9), as shown with immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry studies as well as gel overlay assays. In addition, immunostaining corroborated the co-localization of Zbed4 with these proteins. Most importantly, in vitro experiments using constructs containing promoters of genes directing expression of the luciferase gene, showed that Zbed4 transactivates the transcription of those promoters with poly-G tracts

Применение различных схем противовирусной терапии ОРВИ у детей

To optimize selection of antiviral agents for children in routine practice of ARVI management, a double-center, prospective, open-label, randomized study of efficacy and tolerability of schemes including Ergoferon, Cagocel, Arbidol in children > 3 years was performed throughout two epidemic seasons (fall 2012 — spring 2014). In total 152 children with ARVI symptoms lasting for no more than 48 hours were randomized into 3 groups, i.e. Ergoferon (group E, n = 67), Cagocel (group C, n = 40), Arbidol (group A, n = 45). At visits 2 and 3 proportion of children with normalized body temperature (primary criterion) and intensity of intoxication and catarrhal syndrome were evaluated. At visit 3 the following parameters were measured: efficacy index (efficacy and tolerability assessment by the doctor using CGI scale) and evaluation of safety and tolerability of the study drug by parents/representatives of the child; incidence of medical product prescriptions was recorded, i.e. the total number of prescriptions per group, incidence and duration of administration of individual groups of agents. To analyze and evaluate the data obtained, conventional methods of parametric and non-parametric statistics were applied. Groups C and A were not statistically different in baseline characteristics and throughout efficacy criteria assessment. A new group 2 (n=85) was generated out of these groups for further analysis. At visit 2 group 1 and group 2 showed normalization in morning and evening body temperature in 76% and 79% in group 1, respectively, vs. 73% and 79% — in group 2 (2, p > 0.05). 100% subjects in group 1 and 98% — in group 2 did not have intoxication signs, or the rank value of mild intoxication did not exceed 1 (mild). Proportion of subjects with mild catarrhal syndrome at rank 2—3 in group 1 vs. baseline reduced from 15% to 3%, in group 2 — from 18% to 8%. At visit 3, 94% subjects in group 1 and 95% — in group did not show clinical intoxication signs. Almost every one in three children in both groups had catarrhal signs completely resolved by the end of the treatment, in 70% and 65% cases in groups 1 and 2 severity of catarrhal syndrome did not exceed rank 1 (2, p > 0.05). No adverse effects associated with the study scheme components have been reported during the study. Efficacy and tolerability evaluation by the doctors using CGI in group 1 was 3.37 ± 0.65 (M ± SD, 95% CI 3.22-3.53) vs. 3.23 ± 0.77 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3.08—3.39) in group 2 (Т-test, p = 0.38). In group 1 maximum rating (4 scores) was assigned by the doctors in 46%, minimum one (2 scores) — in 9%, while in group 2 the equivalent proportions were 40% and 16%, respectively (p = 0.44 for maximum score and p = 0.17 for minimum score). Therapeutic efficacy evaluation by  parents in group 1 was 3.73 ± 0.57 (M ± SD, 95% CI 3.59-3.87) vs. 3.35 ± 0.72 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3.20—3.50) in group 2; Т-test, p = 0.04. According to frequency assessment, positive scoring (4-5 scores) was more prevalent among parents in group 1: 71% vs. 44% (group 2), 2 test, p = 0.001, minimum scoring (2 scores) was less common in group 1: 1.5% vs. 12% (group 2),?2 test, p = 0.02. Evaluation of therapeutic tolerability by parents in group 1 (4.04 ± 0.53, 95%CI 3.91—4.18) was higher as compared to group 2 (3.82 ± 0.53, 95%CI 3.71—3.93); Т-test, p = 0.01. Maximum scoring (5 scores) was obtained in group 1 in 16% cases, in group 2 — 6% (2 test, p = 0.03). Analysis of additional drug prescriptions revealed that 3.6 ± 1.2 prescriptions have been made on average in group 1 vs. 5.0 ± 1.2 in group 2 (Т-test, р = 0.01). Proportion of children receiving more than 5 drugs was 18% in group 1 vs. 32% in group 2 (2 test, p = 0.05). Seven drugs were given to 3% children in group 1 and 12% — in group 2 (exact Fisher’s test, p = 0.067). Duration of therapy with H1-histamine blockers in group 1 was 5 days (Me: 5.0 (5.0; 6.0) vs. 8.5 days (Me: 8.5 (7.5; 10.0) in group 2 (U-test, р = 0.006). Therefore, comparable clinical efficacy and tolerability of anti-ARVI therapeutic schemes were revealed in children using Ergoferon, Cagocel and Arbidol. At that Ergoferon group showed higher therapeutic quality scoring (efficacy and tolerability), both according to the doctors (CGI scale) and parents. Reduced number of prescriptions and duration of drug therapy in Ergoferon group for ARVI management were revealed.С целью оптимизации выбора противовирусных средств у детей в рутинной практике лечения ОРВИ было проведено двухцентровое проспективное открытое рандомизированное исследование эффективности и переносимости схем терапии с применением Эргоферона, Кагоцела, Арбидола у детей в возрасте старше 3 лет на протяжении двух эпидсезонов (осень 2012 — весна 2014 гг.). 152 ребенка с симптомами ОРВИ, продолжительностью не более 48 часов, были рандомизированы в 3 группы, в которых для лечения ОРВИ применялись Эргоферон (группа Э, 67 пациентов), Кагоцел (группа К, 40 пациентов), Арбидол (группа А, 45 пациентов). На 2-м и 3-м визитах оценивалась доля пациентов с нормализацией температуры тела (первичный критерий), выраженность интоксикационного и катарального синдромов. На 3-м визите регистрировались: индекс эффективности (оценка врачом эффективности и переносимости терапии по шкале CGI) и оценки эффективности и переносимости исследуемого препарата со слов родителей/представителей ребенка; анализировалась частота назначения медикаментов — общее число назначений в группе, частота и продолжительность применения отдельных групп препаратов. Для анализа и оценки полученных данных применялись стандартные методы параметрической и непараметрической статистики. Группы К и А не имели статистически значимых различий в исходных характеристиках и в динамике оцениваемых критериев эффективности и для дальнейшего анализа из них была сформирована новая группа 2 (85 пациентов). На 2-м визите отмечалась нормализация утренней и вечерней температуры тела в 76 и 79% соответственно, в 1-й группе, против 73 и 79% — во 2-й группе (2, p > 0,05). 100% пациентов из 1-й группы и 98% пациентов — из 2-й группы не имели признаков интоксикации или ранговый показатель синдрома интоксикации был не выше 1 (слабо выражен). Доля пациентов с выраженностью катарального синдрома на уровне 2-3 рангов в 1-й группе по сравнению с исходными данными сократилась с 15 до 3%, во 2-й группе — с 18 до 8%. На 3-м визите 94% пациентов в 1-й группе и 95% во — 2-й группе не имели клинических проявлений интоксикации, практически, каждый третий ребенок из обеих групп полностью избавился от катаральных явлений к окончанию лечения, в 70 и в 65% случаев в 1-й и 2-й группах выраженность катарального синдрома не превышала 1 ранга (2, p > 0,05). В ходе проведения исследования не было зарегистрировано побочных эффектов, связанных с приемом тех или иных компонентов исследуемых схем терапии. Оценка эффективности и переносимости, данная врачами по шкале CGI в 1-й группе составила 3,37 ± 0,65 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3,22—3,53), против 3,23 ± 0,77 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3,08-3,39) во 2-й группе (Т-критерий, p = 0,38). В 1-й группе максимальную оценку (4 балла) врачи поставили в 46%, а минимальную (2 балла) — в 9%, в то время, как во 2-й группе аналогичные доли составили 40 и 16% соответственно (p = 0,44 для максимальной оценки и p = 0,17 для минимальной оценки). Оценка эффективности терапии родителями в 1-й группе составила 3,73 ± 0,57 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3,59-3,87) против 3,35 ± ± 0,72 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3,20—3,50) в 2-й группе; Т-критерий, p = 0,04. По данным частотного анализа балльных оценок, положительные оценки (4—5 баллов) чаще ставили родители детей из 1-й группы: 71% против 44% (2-я группа), критерий 2, p = = 0,001, минимальные оценки (2 балла) реже встречались во 1-й группе: 1,5% против 12% (2-я группа), критерий 2, p = 0,02. Оценка переносимости терапии, данная родителями в 1-й группе (4,04 ± 0,53, 95%CI 3,91-4,18) была более высокой, чем в 2-й группе (3,82 ± 0,53, 95%CI 3,71—3,93); Т-критерий, p = 0,01. Максимальная оценка в 5 баллов получена в 1-й группе в 16% случаев, а в 2-й группе — 6% (критерий 2, p = 0,03). В ходе анализа дополнительных медикаментозных назначений было выявлено, что в среднем в 1-й группе осуществлялось 3,6 ± ± 1,2 назначений, против 5,0 ± 1,2 во 2-й группе (Т-критерий, р = 0,01). Доля детей, получавших более 5 медикаментов, в 1-й группе составила 18%, тогда как во 2-й группе доля таких назначений была выше — 32% (критерий 2, p = 0,05). 7 препаратов получало 3% детей в 1-й группе и 12% пациентов во 2-й группе (точный критерий Фишера, p = 0,067). Продолжительности терапии H1 гистамино-блокаторами 1-й группе составила 5 дней (Me: 5,0 (5,0; 6,0) против 8,5 дней (Me: 8,5 (7,5; 10,0) их использования во 2-й группе (U-критерий, р = 0,006). Таким образом, выявлена сопоставимая клиническая эффективность и переносимость применения схем терапии ОРВИ у детей с использованием Эргоферона, Кагоцела и Арбидола. При этом в группе детей, получавших Эргоферон, чаще регистрировались более высокие оценки качества терапии (эффективность и переносимость), как со стороны врачей (по шкале CGI), так и со стороны родителей. Выявлено уменьшение числа назначаемых препаратов и снижение продолжительности применения препаратов в группе детей, получавших Эргоферон для лечения ОРВИ

The use of Different Schemes of Antiviral Therapy of Acute Respiratory Viral Infection in Children

To optimize selection of antiviral agents for children in routine practice of ARVI management, a double-center, prospective, open-label, randomized study of efficacy and tolerability of schemes including Ergoferon, Cagocel, Arbidol in children > 3 years was performed throughout two epidemic seasons (fall 2012 — spring 2014). In total 152 children with ARVI symptoms lasting for no more than 48 hours were randomized into 3 groups, i.e. Ergoferon (group E, n = 67), Cagocel (group C, n = 40), Arbidol (group A, n = 45). At visits 2 and 3 proportion of children with normalized body temperature (primary criterion) and intensity of intoxication and catarrhal syndrome were evaluated. At visit 3 the following parameters were measured: efficacy index (efficacy and tolerability assessment by the doctor using CGI scale) and evaluation of safety and tolerability of the study drug by parents/representatives of the child; incidence of medical product prescriptions was recorded, i.e. the total number of prescriptions per group, incidence and duration of administration of individual groups of agents. To analyze and evaluate the data obtained, conventional methods of parametric and non-parametric statistics were applied. Groups C and A were not statistically different in baseline characteristics and throughout efficacy criteria assessment. A new group 2 (n=85) was generated out of these groups for further analysis. At visit 2 group 1 and group 2 showed normalization in morning and evening body temperature in 76% and 79% in group 1, respectively, vs. 73% and 79% — in group 2 (2, p > 0.05). 100% subjects in group 1 and 98% — in group 2 did not have intoxication signs, or the rank value of mild intoxication did not exceed 1 (mild). Proportion of subjects with mild catarrhal syndrome at rank 2—3 in group 1 vs. baseline reduced from 15% to 3%, in group 2 — from 18% to 8%. At visit 3, 94% subjects in group 1 and 95% — in group did not show clinical intoxication signs. Almost every one in three children in both groups had catarrhal signs completely resolved by the end of the treatment, in 70% and 65% cases in groups 1 and 2 severity of catarrhal syndrome did not exceed rank 1 (2, p > 0.05). No adverse effects associated with the study scheme components have been reported during the study. Efficacy and tolerability evaluation by the doctors using CGI in group 1 was 3.37 ± 0.65 (M ± SD, 95% CI 3.22-3.53) vs. 3.23 ± 0.77 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3.08—3.39) in group 2 (Т-test, p = 0.38). In group 1 maximum rating (4 scores) was assigned by the doctors in 46%, minimum one (2 scores) — in 9%, while in group 2 the equivalent proportions were 40% and 16%, respectively (p = 0.44 for maximum score and p = 0.17 for minimum score). Therapeutic efficacy evaluation by  parents in group 1 was 3.73 ± 0.57 (M ± SD, 95% CI 3.59-3.87) vs. 3.35 ± 0.72 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3.20—3.50) in group 2; Т-test, p = 0.04. According to frequency assessment, positive scoring (4-5 scores) was more prevalent among parents in group 1: 71% vs. 44% (group 2), 2 test, p = 0.001, minimum scoring (2 scores) was less common in group 1: 1.5% vs. 12% (group 2),?2 test, p = 0.02. Evaluation of therapeutic tolerability by parents in group 1 (4.04 ± 0.53, 95%CI 3.91—4.18) was higher as compared to group 2 (3.82 ± 0.53, 95%CI 3.71—3.93); Т-test, p = 0.01. Maximum scoring (5 scores) was obtained in group 1 in 16% cases, in group 2 — 6% (2 test, p = 0.03). Analysis of additional drug prescriptions revealed that 3.6 ± 1.2 prescriptions have been made on average in group 1 vs. 5.0 ± 1.2 in group 2 (Т-test, р = 0.01). Proportion of children receiving more than 5 drugs was 18% in group 1 vs. 32% in group 2 (2 test, p = 0.05). Seven drugs were given to 3% children in group 1 and 12% — in group 2 (exact Fisher’s test, p = 0.067). Duration of therapy with H1-histamine blockers in group 1 was 5 days (Me: 5.0 (5.0; 6.0) vs. 8.5 days (Me: 8.5 (7.5; 10.0) in group 2 (U-test, р = 0.006). Therefore, comparable clinical efficacy and tolerability of anti-ARVI therapeutic schemes were revealed in children using Ergoferon, Cagocel and Arbidol. At that Ergoferon group showed higher therapeutic quality scoring (efficacy and tolerability), both according to the doctors (CGI scale) and parents. Reduced number of prescriptions and duration of drug therapy in Ergoferon group for ARVI management were revealed

African Studies in Russia: History and the Current State

The article provides a detailed analysis of the development in Russia of African studies throughout the entire period of its existence - from the first fragmentary knowledge about the African continent, brought to Russian soil by individual travelers and enthusiasts to modern comprehensive research in Africa by the largest Russian scientific centers, among which, of course, the leading positions are held by the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The work exposes the evolution of the development of African studies as a science through the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods. A powerful impetus for the study of Africa was given in the late 1950s. This was due to the victory of national liberation movements in African countries and the formation of independent states on the continent. The author shows the increased interest in African studies at the present stage of development of our country, when the African vector of Russian foreign policy is becoming more and more in demand. Despite the limited human, organizational and financial resources, Russian African studies are currently on the rise. The international recognition of the achievements of Russian African studies imposes an additional obligations on Russian scientists. Taking into account the practical significance of their works, the conclusions and proposals they contain for the development of Russian-African relations, they feel even greater responsibility. The latest vivid example of this was the active participation of Russian African scientists in the preparation and successful holding of the first Russia-Africa Summit and Economic Forum in Sochi on October 23-24, 2019

Применение различных схем противовирусной терапии ОРВИ у детей

To optimize selection of antiviral agents for children in routine practice of ARVI management, a double-center, prospective, open-label, randomized study of efficacy and tolerability of schemes including Ergoferon, Cagocel, Arbidol in children &gt; 3 years was performed throughout two epidemic seasons (fall 2012 — spring 2014). In total 152 children with ARVI symptoms lasting for no more than 48 hours were randomized into 3 groups, i.e. Ergoferon (group E, n = 67), Cagocel (group C, n = 40), Arbidol (group A, n = 45). At visits 2 and 3 proportion of children with normalized body temperature (primary criterion) and intensity of intoxication and catarrhal syndrome were evaluated. At visit 3 the following parameters were measured: efficacy index (efficacy and tolerability assessment by the doctor using CGI scale) and evaluation of safety and tolerability of the study drug by parents/representatives of the child; incidence of medical product prescriptions was recorded, i.e. the total number of prescriptions per group, incidence and duration of administration of individual groups of agents. To analyze and evaluate the data obtained, conventional methods of parametric and non-parametric statistics were applied. Groups C and A were not statistically different in baseline characteristics and throughout efficacy criteria assessment. A new group 2 (n=85) was generated out of these groups for further analysis. At visit 2 group 1 and group 2 showed normalization in morning and evening body temperature in 76% and 79% in group 1, respectively, vs. 73% and 79% — in group 2 (2, p &gt; 0.05). 100% subjects in group 1 and 98% — in group 2 did not have intoxication signs, or the rank value of mild intoxication did not exceed 1 (mild). Proportion of subjects with mild catarrhal syndrome at rank 2—3 in group 1 vs. baseline reduced from 15% to 3%, in group 2 — from 18% to 8%. At visit 3, 94% subjects in group 1 and 95% — in group did not show clinical intoxication signs. Almost every one in three children in both groups had catarrhal signs completely resolved by the end of the treatment, in 70% and 65% cases in groups 1 and 2 severity of catarrhal syndrome did not exceed rank 1 (2, p &gt; 0.05). No adverse effects associated with the study scheme components have been reported during the study. Efficacy and tolerability evaluation by the doctors using CGI in group 1 was 3.37 ± 0.65 (M ± SD, 95% CI 3.22-3.53) vs. 3.23 ± 0.77 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3.08—3.39) in group 2 (Т-test, p = 0.38). In group 1 maximum rating (4 scores) was assigned by the doctors in 46%, minimum one (2 scores) — in 9%, while in group 2 the equivalent proportions were 40% and 16%, respectively (p = 0.44 for maximum score and p = 0.17 for minimum score). Therapeutic efficacy evaluation by  parents in group 1 was 3.73 ± 0.57 (M ± SD, 95% CI 3.59-3.87) vs. 3.35 ± 0.72 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3.20—3.50) in group 2; Т-test, p = 0.04. According to frequency assessment, positive scoring (4-5 scores) was more prevalent among parents in group 1: 71% vs. 44% (group 2), 2 test, p = 0.001, minimum scoring (2 scores) was less common in group 1: 1.5% vs. 12% (group 2),?2 test, p = 0.02. Evaluation of therapeutic tolerability by parents in group 1 (4.04 ± 0.53, 95%CI 3.91—4.18) was higher as compared to group 2 (3.82 ± 0.53, 95%CI 3.71—3.93); Т-test, p = 0.01. Maximum scoring (5 scores) was obtained in group 1 in 16% cases, in group 2 — 6% (2 test, p = 0.03). Analysis of additional drug prescriptions revealed that 3.6 ± 1.2 prescriptions have been made on average in group 1 vs. 5.0 ± 1.2 in group 2 (Т-test, р = 0.01). Proportion of children receiving more than 5 drugs was 18% in group 1 vs. 32% in group 2 (2 test, p = 0.05). Seven drugs were given to 3% children in group 1 and 12% — in group 2 (exact Fisher’s test, p = 0.067). Duration of therapy with H1-histamine blockers in group 1 was 5 days (Me: 5.0 (5.0; 6.0) vs. 8.5 days (Me: 8.5 (7.5; 10.0) in group 2 (U-test, р = 0.006). Therefore, comparable clinical efficacy and tolerability of anti-ARVI therapeutic schemes were revealed in children using Ergoferon, Cagocel and Arbidol. At that Ergoferon group showed higher therapeutic quality scoring (efficacy and tolerability), both according to the doctors (CGI scale) and parents. Reduced number of prescriptions and duration of drug therapy in Ergoferon group for ARVI management were revealed.С целью оптимизации выбора противовирусных средств у детей в рутинной практике лечения ОРВИ было проведено двухцентровое проспективное открытое рандомизированное исследование эффективности и переносимости схем терапии с применением Эргоферона, Кагоцела, Арбидола у детей в возрасте старше 3 лет на протяжении двух эпидсезонов (осень 2012 — весна 2014 гг.). 152 ребенка с симптомами ОРВИ, продолжительностью не более 48 часов, были рандомизированы в 3 группы, в которых для лечения ОРВИ применялись Эргоферон (группа Э, 67 пациентов), Кагоцел (группа К, 40 пациентов), Арбидол (группа А, 45 пациентов). На 2-м и 3-м визитах оценивалась доля пациентов с нормализацией температуры тела (первичный критерий), выраженность интоксикационного и катарального синдромов. На 3-м визите регистрировались: индекс эффективности (оценка врачом эффективности и переносимости терапии по шкале CGI) и оценки эффективности и переносимости исследуемого препарата со слов родителей/представителей ребенка; анализировалась частота назначения медикаментов — общее число назначений в группе, частота и продолжительность применения отдельных групп препаратов. Для анализа и оценки полученных данных применялись стандартные методы параметрической и непараметрической статистики. Группы К и А не имели статистически значимых различий в исходных характеристиках и в динамике оцениваемых критериев эффективности и для дальнейшего анализа из них была сформирована новая группа 2 (85 пациентов). На 2-м визите отмечалась нормализация утренней и вечерней температуры тела в 76 и 79% соответственно, в 1-й группе, против 73 и 79% — во 2-й группе (2, p &gt; 0,05). 100% пациентов из 1-й группы и 98% пациентов — из 2-й группы не имели признаков интоксикации или ранговый показатель синдрома интоксикации был не выше 1 (слабо выражен). Доля пациентов с выраженностью катарального синдрома на уровне 2-3 рангов в 1-й группе по сравнению с исходными данными сократилась с 15 до 3%, во 2-й группе — с 18 до 8%. На 3-м визите 94% пациентов в 1-й группе и 95% во — 2-й группе не имели клинических проявлений интоксикации, практически, каждый третий ребенок из обеих групп полностью избавился от катаральных явлений к окончанию лечения, в 70 и в 65% случаев в 1-й и 2-й группах выраженность катарального синдрома не превышала 1 ранга (2, p &gt; 0,05). В ходе проведения исследования не было зарегистрировано побочных эффектов, связанных с приемом тех или иных компонентов исследуемых схем терапии. Оценка эффективности и переносимости, данная врачами по шкале CGI в 1-й группе составила 3,37 ± 0,65 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3,22—3,53), против 3,23 ± 0,77 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3,08-3,39) во 2-й группе (Т-критерий, p = 0,38). В 1-й группе максимальную оценку (4 балла) врачи поставили в 46%, а минимальную (2 балла) — в 9%, в то время, как во 2-й группе аналогичные доли составили 40 и 16% соответственно (p = 0,44 для максимальной оценки и p = 0,17 для минимальной оценки). Оценка эффективности терапии родителями в 1-й группе составила 3,73 ± 0,57 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3,59-3,87) против 3,35 ± ± 0,72 (M ± SD, 95%CI 3,20—3,50) в 2-й группе; Т-критерий, p = 0,04. По данным частотного анализа балльных оценок, положительные оценки (4—5 баллов) чаще ставили родители детей из 1-й группы: 71% против 44% (2-я группа), критерий 2, p = = 0,001, минимальные оценки (2 балла) реже встречались во 1-й группе: 1,5% против 12% (2-я группа), критерий 2, p = 0,02. Оценка переносимости терапии, данная родителями в 1-й группе (4,04 ± 0,53, 95%CI 3,91-4,18) была более высокой, чем в 2-й группе (3,82 ± 0,53, 95%CI 3,71—3,93); Т-критерий, p = 0,01. Максимальная оценка в 5 баллов получена в 1-й группе в 16% случаев, а в 2-й группе — 6% (критерий 2, p = 0,03). В ходе анализа дополнительных медикаментозных назначений было выявлено, что в среднем в 1-й группе осуществлялось 3,6 ± ± 1,2 назначений, против 5,0 ± 1,2 во 2-й группе (Т-критерий, р = 0,01). Доля детей, получавших более 5 медикаментов, в 1-й группе составила 18%, тогда как во 2-й группе доля таких назначений была выше — 32% (критерий 2, p = 0,05). 7 препаратов получало 3% детей в 1-й группе и 12% пациентов во 2-й группе (точный критерий Фишера, p = 0,067). Продолжительности терапии H1 гистамино-блокаторами 1-й группе составила 5 дней (Me: 5,0 (5,0; 6,0) против 8,5 дней (Me: 8,5 (7,5; 10,0) их использования во 2-й группе (U-критерий, р = 0,006). Таким образом, выявлена сопоставимая клиническая эффективность и переносимость применения схем терапии ОРВИ у детей с использованием Эргоферона, Кагоцела и Арбидола. При этом в группе детей, получавших Эргоферон, чаще регистрировались более высокие оценки качества терапии (эффективность и переносимость), как со стороны врачей (по шкале CGI), так и со стороны родителей. Выявлено уменьшение числа назначаемых препаратов и снижение продолжительности применения препаратов в группе детей, получавших Эргоферон для лечения ОРВИ.</p

Subpopulations of mobilized hematopoietic stem cells in patients with hematological malignances and donors: expression of CD38, HLA-DR and CD143

The study objective is to investigate the features of subpopulational composition of mobilized hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood (PB) and leukocyte concentrates (LC) in adult patients with oncohematological pathology and donors.Materials and methods. In 80 patients with hemoblastoses, expression of CD38, HLA-DR and CD143 (angiotensin-converting enzyme) was measured in PB and LC CD34+CD45low cells. The control group included 10 PB and 14 LC samples from healthy donors. Analysis of PB was performed prior to mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and on the day of leukapheresis prior to HSC collection. LC samples were examined at day 1 after HSC collection.Results. CD143 is expressed on CD34+CD45low cells both prior to mobilization and after it in all patients and donors, but CD34+CD45lowCD143+ cell counts varied depending on diagnosis and mobilization regimen. CD143+ expression on CD34+CD45low cells was significantly higher in patients who received combination of chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor compared to donors and patients with multiple myeloma who received only granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Along with elevated CD34+CD45low cell count after hematopoiesis stimulation, CD34+CD45lowCD143+ cell counts also increased. It was shown that mobilized HSC almost completely lacks a fraction of early CD34+CD45low progenitor cells not expressing CD38, HLA-DR. Prior to hematopoiesis stimulation among CD34+CD45low cells, CD38+HLADR–cell fractions are prevalent, but after mobilization CD38–HLA-DR+ cell counts increased. No differences between CD34+CD45lowCD143+cell counts in patients with multiple myeloma depending on disease status, sex, age or number of chemotherapy courses prior to HSC mobilizationwere observed.Conclusion. Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme on CD34+ cells in PB before and after HSC mobilization and in LC was observed. The cell counts varied depending on diagnosis and mobilization regimen