166 research outputs found
What is the impact of food reformulation on individual’s behaviour, nutrient intakes and health status? A systematic review of empirical evidence
Food reformulation aimed at improving the nutritional properties of food products has long been viewed as a promising public health strategy to tackle poor nutrition and obesity. This paper presents a review of the empirical evidence (i.e. modelling studies were excluded) on the impact of food reformulation on food choices, nutrient intakes and health status, based on a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Global Health, and sources of grey literature. Fifty-nine studies (in 35 papers) were included in the review. Most studies examined food choices (n=27) and dietary intakes (n=26). The nutrients most frequently studied were sodium (n=32) and trans-fatty acids (TFA, n=13). Reformulated products were generally accepted and purchased by consumers, which led to improved nutrient intakes in 73% of studies. We also conducted two meta-analyses showing, respectively, a -0.57g/day [95%CI -0.89, -0.25] reduction in salt intake, and an effect size for TFA intake reduction of -1.2, 95% [CI -1.79, -0.61]. Only six studies examined effects on health outcomes, with studies on TFA reformulation showing overall improvement in cardiovascular risk factors. For other nutrients, it remains unclear whether observed improvements in food choices or nutrient intakes may have led to an improvement in health outcomes
Interpretation of Photoemission Spectra of (TaSe4)2I as Evidence of Charge Density Wave Fluctuations
The competition between different and unusual effects in
quasi-one-dimensional conductors makes the direct interpretation of
experimental measurements of these materials both difficult and interesting. We
consider evidence for the existence of large charge-density-wave fluctuations
in the conducting phase of the Peierls insulator (TaSe4)2I, by comparing the
predictions of a simple Lee, Rice and Anderson theory for such a system with
recent angle-resolved photoemission spectra. The agreement obtained suggests
that many of the unusual features of these spectra may be explained in this
way. This view of the system is contrasted with the behaviour expected of a
Luttinger liquid.Comment: Archive copy of published paper. 19 pages, 12 figures, uses IOP
macro
Novel recoil nuclei detectors to qualify the AMANDE facility as a Standard for mono-energetic neutron fields
The AMANDE facility at IRSN-Cadarache produces mono-energetic neutron fields
from 2 keV to 20 MeV with metrological quality. To be considered as a standard
facility, characteristics of neutron field i.e fluence distribution must be
well known by a device using absolute measurements. The development of new
detector systems allowing a direct measurement of neutron energy and fluence
has started in 2006. Using the proton recoil telescope principle with the goal
of increase the efficiency, two systems with full localization are studied. A
proton recoil telescope using CMOS sensor (CMOS-RPT) is studied for
measurements at high energies and the helium 4 gaseous micro-time projection
chamber (microTPC He4) will be dedicated to the lowest energies. Simulations of
the two systems were performed with the transport Monte Carlo code MCNPX, to
choose the components and the geometry, to optimize the efficiency and
detection limits of both devices or to estimate performances expected. First
preliminary measurements realised in 2008 demonstrated the proof of principle
of these novel detectors for neutron metrology.Comment: to appear in Radiation Measurements, Proc. of 24th International
Conference on Nuclear Tracks in Solids (Bologna, 1-5 September 2008
A {\mu}-TPC detector for the characterization of low energy neutron fields
The AMANDE facility produces monoenergetic neutron fields from 2 keV to 20
MeV for metrological purposes. To be considered as a reference facility,
fluence and energy distributions of neutron fields have to be determined by
primary measurement standards. For this purpose, a micro Time Projection
Chamber is being developed to be dedicated to measure neutron fields with
energy ranging from 8 keV up to 1 MeV. In this work we present simulations
showing that such a detector, which allows the measurement of the ionization
energy and the 3D reconstruction of the recoil nucleus, provides the
determination of neutron energy and fluence of these neutron fields
Individual neutron monitoring in workplaces with mixed neutron/photon radiation
EVIDOS (‘evaluation of individual dosimetry in mixed neutron and photon radiation fields') is an European Commission (EC)-sponsored project that aims at a significant improvement of radiation protection dosimetry in mixed neutron/photon fields via spectrometric and dosimetric investigations in representative workplaces of the nuclear industry. In particular, new spectrometry methods are developed that provide the energy and direction distribution of the neutron fluence from which the reference dosimetric quantities are derived and compared to the readings of dosemeters. The final results of the project will be a comprehensive set of spectrometric and dosimetric data for the workplaces and an analysis of the performance of dosemeters, including novel electronic dosemeters. This paper gives an overview of the project and focuses on the results from measurements performed in calibration fields with broad energy distributions (simulated workplace fields) and on the first results from workplaces in the nuclear industry, inside a boiling water reactor and around a spent fuel transport cas
Electroconvulsive therapy for a psychotic adolescent during the first trimester of pregnancy: case study
Structural and Luminescence Properties of Silica-Based Hybrids Containing New Silylated-Diketonato Europium(III) Complex
A new betadiketonate ligand displaying a trimethoxysilyl group as grafting function and a diketone moiety as complexing site (TTA-Si = 4,4,4-trifluoro-2-(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-1-3-butanedione (C4H3S)COCH[(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3]COCF3) and its highly luminescent europium(III) complex [Eu(TTA-Si)3] have been synthesized and fully characterized. Luminescent silica-based hybrids have been prepared as well with this new complex grafted on the surface of dense silica nanoparticles (28 (+/-3 nm) or on mesoporous
silica particles. The covalent bonding of Eu(TTA-Si)3 inside the core of uniform silica
nanoparticles (40 (+/- 5 nm) was also achieved. Luminescence properties are discussed in relation to the europium chemical environment involved in each of the three hybrids. The general methodology proposed allowed high grafting ratios and overcame chelate release and tendency to agglomeration, and it could be applied to any silica matrix (in the core or at the surface, nanosized or not, dense or mesoporous) and therefore numerous applications such as luminescent markers and luminophors could be foreseen
The Hubble PanCET program: The near-ultraviolet transmission spectrum of WASP-79b
We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) transit observations of the
Hot-Jupiter WASP-79b acquired with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph
(STIS) in the near ultraviolet (NUV). Two transit observations, part of the
PanCET program, are used to obtain the transmission spectra of the planet
between 2280 and 3070{\AA}. We correct for systematic effects in the raw data
using the jitter engineering parameters and polynomial modelling to fit the
white light curves of the two transits. We observe an increase in the
planet-to-star radius ratio at short wavelengths, but no spectrally resolved
absorption lines. The difference between the radius ratios at 2400 and
3000{\AA} reaches (4.5). Although the NUV
transmission spectrum does not show evidence of hydrodynamical escape, the
strong atmospheric features are likely due to species at very high altitudes.
We performed a 1D simulation of the temperature and composition of WASP-79b
using Exo-REM. The temperature pressure profile crosses condensation curves of
radiatively active clouds, particularly MnS, MgSiO, Fe, and
AlO. Still, none of these species produces the level of observed
absorption at short wavelengths and can explain the observed increase in the
planet's radius. WASP-79b's transit depth reaches 23 scale height, making it
one of the largest spectral features observed in an exoplanet at this
temperature (1700 K). The comparison of WASP-79b's transmission spectrum
with three warmer hot Jupiters shows a similar level of absorption to WASP-178b
and WASP-121b between 0.2 and 0.3m, while HAT-P-41b's spectrum is flat.
The features could be explained by SiO absorption.Comment: Accepted for publication January 31, 2023 in the Journal Astronomy &
Astrophysic
ARES. III. Unveiling the Two Faces of KELT-7 b with HST WFC3*
We present the analysis of the hot-Jupiter KELT-7 b using transmission and emission spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope, both taken with the Wide Field Camera 3. Our study uncovers a rich transmission spectrum that is consistent with a cloud-free atmosphere and suggests the presence of H_{2}O and H^{−}. In contrast, the extracted emission spectrum does not contain strong absorption features and, although it is not consistent with a simple blackbody, it can be explained by a varying temperature–pressure profile, collision induced absorption, and H^{-}. KELT-7 b had also been studied with other space-based instruments and we explore the effects of introducing these additional data sets. Further observations with Hubble, or the next generation of space-based telescopes, are needed to allow for the optical opacity source in transmission to be confirmed and for molecular features to be disentangled in emission
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