Parallel-plate Flow Chamber and Continuous Flow Circuit to Evaluate Endothelial Progenitor Cells under Laminar Flow Shear Stress

The overall goal of this method is to describe a technique to subject adherent cells to laminar flow conditions and evaluate their response to well quantifiable fluid shear stresses1. Our flow chamber design and flow circuit (Fig. 1) contains a transparent viewing region that enables testing of cell adhesion and imaging of cell morphology immediately before flow (Fig. 11A, B), at various time points during flow (Fig. 11C), and after flow (Fig. 11D). These experiments are illustrated with human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and porcine EPCs2,3. This method is also applicable to other adherent cell types, e.g. smooth muscle cells (SMCs) or fibroblasts. The chamber and all parts of the circuit are easily sterilized with steam autoclaving In contrast to other chambers, e.g. microfluidic chambers, large numbers of cells (> 1 million depending on cell size) can be recovered after the flow experiment under sterile conditions for cell culture or other experiments, e.g. DNA or RNA extraction, or immunohistochemistry (Fig. 11E), or scanning electron microscopy5. The shear stress can be adjusted by varying the flow rate of the perfusate, the fluid viscosity, or the channel height and width. The latter can reduce fluid volume or cell needs while ensuring that one-dimensional flow is maintained. It is not necessary to measure chamber height between experiments, since the chamber height does not depend on the use of gaskets, which greatly increases the ease of multiple experiments. Furthermore, the circuit design easily enables the collection of perfusate samples for analysis and/or quantification of metabolites secreted by cells under fluid shear stress exposure, e.g. nitric oxide (Fig. 12)6

Characteristics and outcome of patients with core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia and FLT3-ITD: results from an international collaborative study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of FLT3-ITD in core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBFAML) in an international, multicenter survey of 97 patients of whom 52% had t(8;21)(q22;q22) and 48% had inv(16)(p13q22)/t(16;16)(p13;q22). The median age of the patients was 53 years (range, 19-81). Complete remission after anthracycline-based induction (n=86) and non-intensive therapy (n=11) was achieved in 97% and 36% of the patients, respectively. The median follow-up was 4.43 years (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.35-7.39 years). The median survival after intensive and non-intensive treatment was not reached and 0.96 years, respectively. Among intensively treated patients, inv(16) with trisomy 22 (n=11) was associated with a favorable 4-year relapse-free survival rate of 80% (95% CI: 59-100%) as compared to 38% (95% CI: 27-54%; P=0.02) in all other patients with CBFAML/ FLT3-ITD (n=75). Overall, 24 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), 12 in first complete remission and 12 after relapse. Allogeneic HCT in first complete remission was not beneficial (P=0.60); however, allogeneic HCT seemed to improve median survival in relapsed patients compared to that of patients treated with chemotherapy (not reached vs. 0.6 years, respectively; P=0.002). Excluding patients with inv(16) with trisomy 22, our data indicate that compathe outcome of CBF-AML patients with FLT3-ITD may be inferior to that of patients without FLT3-ITD (based on previously published data), suggesting that prognostically CBF-AML patients with FLT3-ITD should not be classified as favorable-risk. FLT3-inhibitors may improve the outcome of these patients

Design and use of a composite barbed point: 23,500- year-old direct evidence from Les Prés de Laure

International audienceDesign and use of a composite barbed point: 23,500- year-old direct evidence from Les Prés de Laur

Gravettian weaponry: 23,500-year-old evidence of a composite barbed point from Les Prés de Laure (France)

Understanding hunting technology is pivotal in the study of adaptive and innovative forces that influenced the evolution of prehistoric societies. The manufacture, design and use of hunting weapons involve technical processes such as those of tool miniaturization, blank standardization and projection modes, but also influence broader demographic structures such as human subsistence strategies, territorial organization and socio-economic structures. Here we present a unique discovery from a newly uncovered site at Les Prés de Laure (Var, France). Excavations revealed a multi-stratified open-air site with archaeological units that were rapidly buried by the alluvium of the Jabron River. In 2015, 11 backed points were discovered in direct association with the remains of a bone point in a Gravettian layer dated to 23.5 ka cal BP. Wear and residue analysis of the lithic points in combination with complimentary experimental data converge to indicate that the find represents a bone point armed with lithic barbs and used as hunting weapon. This discovery is the oldest direct evidence for the manufacture and use of a composite hunting weapon and stimulates discussion on the style, function and design of prehistoric weapons

Pim1 Kinase Overexpression Enhances ckit+ Cardiac Stem Cell Cardiac Repair Following Myocardial Infarction in Swine

BackgroundPim1 kinase plays an important role in cell division, survival, and commitment of precursor cells towards a myocardial lineage, and overexpression of Pim1 in ckit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) enhances their cardioreparative properties.ObjectivesThe authors sought to validate the effect of Pim1-modified CSCs in a translationally relevant large animal preclinical model of myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsHuman cardiac stem cells (hCSCs, n = 10), hckit+ CSCs overexpressing Pim1 (Pim1+; n = 9), or placebo (n = 10) were delivered by intramyocardial injection to immunosuppressed Yorkshire swine (n = 29) 2 weeks after MI. Cardiac magnetic resonance and pressure volume loops were obtained before and after cell administration.ResultsWhereas both hCSCs reduced MI size compared to placebo, Pim1+ cells produced a ∼3-fold greater decrease in scar mass at 8 weeks post-injection compared to hCSCs (-29.2 ± 2.7% vs. -8.4 ± 0.7%; p < 0.003). Pim1+ hCSCs also produced a 2-fold increase of viable mass compared to hCSCs at 8 weeks (113.7 ± 7.2% vs. 65.6 ± 6.8%; p <0.003), and a greater increase in regional contractility in both infarct and border zones (both p < 0.05). Both CSC types significantly increased ejection fraction at 4 weeks but this was only sustained in the Pim1+ group at 8 weeks compared to placebo. Both hCSC and Pim1+ hCSC treatment reduced afterload (p = 0.02 and p = 0.004, respectively). Mechanoenergetic recoupling was significantly greater in the Pim1+ hCSC group (p = 0.005).ConclusionsPim1 overexpression enhanced the effect of intramyocardial delivery of CSCs to infarcted porcine hearts. These findings provide a rationale for genetic modification of stem cells and consequent translation to clinical trials

Validation of the Composite Complete Response (cCR) Definitions in the International Working Group (IWG) 2023 Criteria in Patients (Pts) with Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms (HR-MDS) Treated with Hypomethylating Agents (HMA) - a Large, Multicenter, Retrospective Analysis from the Validate Database

JPB and TK are co-first authors; RK and AMZ are co-senior authors Introduction: Efficacy of therapies used in HR-MDS pts has long been assessed using IWG 2006 MDS criteria, but important limitations in clinical utility and practical application of these criteria have become apparent. The revised IWG response criteria for HR-MDS were proposed in 2023 (Zeidan et al., Blood 2023) were proposed to address these gaps. IWG 2023 re-defined CR by lowering hemoglobin (Hb) threshold from 11 to 10 g/dL and bone marrow [BM] blasts from ≤5% to 3.5 (n=213 pts excluded). Pts were excluded (N=90) if age at diagnosis was 180 days after HMA initiation, except in cases of overt disease progression. Best responses were assessed based on IWG 2006 and 2023 criteria. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated OS from HMA initiation, and the log-rank test was used to compare subgroups. Cox multivariable regression models identified predictors of OS. This study was supported by an independent research grant from AbbVie. Results: Of 1,223 pts in VALIDATE database, 629 were met eligibility. Median age was 68 years, 27.7% and 27.4% were red blood cell and platelet transfusion-dependent, respectively, 38.1% had TP53 mutations, and 45.3% underwent allogeneic transplantation (allo-HCT). Most pts (71.6%) received HMA monotherapy (51.7% azacitidine, 19.9% decitabine), while 28.4% received HMA-based combinations. Median duration of therapy was 4 cycles (Range: 1-94). Median OS of different subgroups pts are shown in Figure 1. Median OS for pts with IWG 2023-defined cCR (CR+CR-L+CRh+CRequ; N = 230) was 26.5 months (mo; 95% CI: 20.7 - 32.2 mo) vs 14.3 mo (95% CI: 12.5 - 16.9 mo) for pts who did not achieve cCR (p=0.002). Median OS for pts who achieved IWG 2023-defined CR (N = 90) was 29.8 (95% CI: 23.1 - 41.8) vs. 26.4 mo (95% CI: 22.0 - 41.3) for IWG 2006-defined CR (p=0.71). The 124 pts (19.7%) who achieved CR-L had a median OS of 26.4 mo (95% CI: 17.6 - 36.2 mo); of those 67 pts achieved CRbi and had a median OS of 29.1 mo (95% CI: 20.7 - not reached), while 57 pts achieved CRuni and had a median OS of 18.7 mo (95% CI: 15.5 - 54.4 mo), with no significant difference in OS between CRbi and CRuni (Hazard ratio: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.78-1.98, p=0.71). Given the hierarchical prioritization of CR-L designation over CRh in IWG 2023 if a pt meets both response definitions, only 6 pts achieved CRh which precluded a reliable estimate of their OS. Similarly, CRequ was achieved only in 10 pts limiting a reliable assessment of OS in these pts. In a multivariable Cox model that adjusted for sex, HMA type, age, allo-HCT, complex karyotype, TP53 mutation, and IPSS-M risk group, achieving a cCR per IWG 2023 criteria was statistically significantly associated with improved OS was associated with improved OS compared to those who did not achieve cCR (HR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.30 - 2.08; p<0.001, Figure 2). Discussion: In this real-world analysis of HR-MDS pts treated with HMA-based therapy, cCR according to IWG 2023 were associated improved OS. In particular, CR and CRL (including CRbi and CR uni) were associated with improved OS, supporting their inclusion in the overall response rate in clinical trials. The number of pts who achieved CRh and CRequ was too small to reliably assess their specific association with OS. Additional pts are being added to the database and detailed analyses will be presented in the meeting

Impact of Type of Hypomethylating Agent (HMA) Used on Outcomes of Patients (Pts) with Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms (HR-MDS) - a Large, Multicenter, Retrospective Analysis

JPB and TK Co-first; RK and AMZ are Co-senior authors Introduction HMAs remain the mainstay for frontline treatment of HR-MDS. Azacitidine (AZA) and decitabine (DEC; including oral cedazuridine/decitabine) are the only FDA-approved HMAs. However, AZA and DEC have not been compared directly in randomized trials. In this study, we aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of pts with HR-MDS treated with different HMA regimens, focusing on overall survival (OS) and treatment responses. Methods The VALIDATE database includes pts with HR-MDS treated with HMA-based therapies in the frontline setting from 14 specialized MDS centers. HR-MDS pts treated with HMA-based therapies in the frontline setting were included. HR-MDS was defined as having an IPSS ≥1.5 or IPSS-R >3.5 (n=213 pts excluded). Pts were excluded from the survival analysis if age at diagnosis was <18 years (n=1), bone marrow (BM) blasts ≥20% or unknown at HMA initiation (n=61), or if survival status, follow-up time, date of HMA initiation, or HMA type was unknown (n=28). To be included in the analysis of response based on IWG 2023 criteria (Zeidan A et al, Blood 2023), pts had to have a BM response assessment within 180 days after HMA initiation to allow determination of response (n=290 pts excluded). Time to event analyses were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and treatment groups (AZA vs DEC monotherapy) were compared by log-rank test and assessed from the time of HMA initiation. Multivariable Cox regression models were performed among pts treated with AZA and DEC monotherapy to identify predictors of response and OS. This study was supported by an independent research grant from AbbVie. Results 1,223 pts were screened of whom 919 were included in the survival analysis. Median age was 68 years (Range [R]: 19-95) with 66% males. Our cohort was enriched for pts with adverse genetic features including complex karyotype (38%) and TP53 mutations (36%). Overall, 76% of pts were treated with HMA monotherapy (56% AZA, 20% DEC) and 24% received HMA-based combination therapy (HMA/VEN: 15%, other HMA combinations: 9%). 38.2% underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT). The median HMA duration was 5 cycles (R: 1 - 94). Due to the small number and the heterogeneity of pts receiving HMA combinations, as well the multiple partner drugs used in these pts ( Table), we compared OS and responses only between pts treated with AZA (n = 512 pts) or DEC monotherapy (n = 186 pts). In unadjusted analyses, median OS differed by treatment type (p = 0.002) and was 19.8 months (mo) with AZA (95% CI: 17.0 - 23.1 mo) and 14.3 mo with DEC (95% CI: 11.2 - 18.5 mo). Among 629 pts evaluable for response, rates of complete remission (CR) and overall response (ORR) were 14.8% and 48.6% for AZA monotherapy and 5.6% and 50.4% for DEC monotherapy, respectively. In a Cox multivariable regression model ( Figure) adjusted for age, sex, TP53 mutation status, complex karyotype, IPSS-M category (compared to very high risk), and receipt of allo-HCT, there was no difference in OS when comparing AZA and DEC monotherapy (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.72 - 1.26; p = 0.740). Variables associated with adverse OS were male sex (HR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.16 - 2.00; p = 0.002) and presence of TP53 mutation (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.14; p = 0.027). Conversely, receipt of allo-HCT (HR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.19 - 0.37; p<0.001) and IPSS-M moderate-high (HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37 - 0.87; p=0.009) and moderate-low (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36 - 0.95; p = 0.031; both compared to IPSS-M very high risk) were associated with improved OS. Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences in ORR between AZA and DEC (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.66 - 1.68; p = 0.832) in a Cox multivariable regression model adjusted for age, sex, TP53 mutation, complex karyotype, IPSS-M category, and treatment type. Conclusions: Among pts included in the real-world VALIDATE database, there were no significant difference in OS or ORR (IWG 2023) between AZA- and DEC-treated pts in adjusted analyses. Other factors (e.g., TP53 mutations, complex karyotype) are substantially more relevant to outcomes than the specific HMA used. The small number of pts and heterogeneity of partner drugs in HMA-based combinations precluded robust analyses or conclusions regarding differences in efficacy. Additional analyses evaluating the impact of combinations and molecular subtypes on response and survival will be presented during the meeting as more pts are added to the database