Statines et artérites à cellules géantes : approche pharmaco-épidémiologique

Nous proposons une revue de la littérature approfondie sur la pharmacologie des inhibiteurs de l'HMG-CoA réductase et les résultats de nos études sur leur utilisation dans l'artérite à cellules géantes. Nous avons montré que l'exposition aux statines n'est pas associée au risque de survenue d'artérite à cellules géantes dans la population générale. Toutefois, une exposition aux statines jusqu'à 20 mois pourrait favoriser un sevrage plus rapide en corticoïdes. L'utilisation des statines au cours de l'artérite à cellules géantes ne doit pas être définitivement exclu. D'autant plus que nous avons également montré que les patients, diagnostiqués pour une artérite à cellules géantes, les plus âgés ou connus pour avoir des comorbidités cardiovasculaires présentent un risque élevé d'hospitalisation pour évènement cardiovasculaire majeur après la phase initiale de la maladie et doivent être étroitement surveillés en ce sens. Nous montrons qu'il existe un besoin non satisfait en terme de prévention cardiovasculaire dans l'artérite à cellules géantes. Les statines semblent efficaces pour prévenir les événements cardiovasculaires majeurs dans cette population.We propose a comprehensive review on HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors pharmacology and results of our studies on their use in giant cell arteritis. We showed that statins exposure was not associated with giant cell arteritis occurrence in the general population. However, exposure to statins up to 20 months may favor a quicker corticosteroid tapering. Based on those results statin impact on giant cell arteritis course should not be definitively ruled out. We also showed that older giant cell arteritis patients and those suffering from cardiovascular comorbidities present a high risk of cardiovascular hospitalization occurrence after the initial phase of the disease and should be closely monitored to prevent subsequent cardiovascular disease. This proves that there is an unmet need of cardiovascular prevention in giant cell arteritis patients. Statins seems highly efficient to prevent major cardiovascular events in this population

Autologous stem cell transplantation for progressive systemic sclerosis: a prospective non-interventional study from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Autoimmune Disease Working Party

Three randomized controlled trials in early severe systemic sclerosis demonstrated that autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was superior to standard cyclophosphamide therapy. This European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation multi-center prospective non-interventional study was designed to further decipher efficacy and safety of this procedure for severe systemic sclerosis patients in real-life practice and to search for prognostic factors. All consecutive adult systemic sclerosis patients undergoing a first autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between December 2012 and February 2016 were prospectively included in the study. Primary endpoint was progression free survival. Secondary endpoints were overall survival, non-relapse mortality, response and incidence of progression. Eighty systemic sclerosis patients were included. Median follow-up duration was 24 (6-57) months after stem cell transplantation using cyclophosphamide plus antithymocyte globulins conditioning for all, with CD34+ selection in 35 patients. At 2 years, progression free survival was 81.8%, overall survival was 90%, response was 88.7% and incidence of progression was 11.9%. The 100 days non-relapse mortality was 6.25% (n=5) with four deaths from cardiac event, including three due to cyclophosphamide toxicity. Modified Rodnan skin score and forced vital capacity improved with time (p24 and older age at transplant were associated with lower progression free survival (Hazard ration 3.32) and 1.77, respectively). CD34+-selection was associated with better response (Hazard ration: 0.46). This study confirms the efficacy of autologous stem cell transplantation in real-life practice for severe systemic sclerosis using non myeloablative conditioning. Careful cardio-pulmonary assessment to identify organ involvement at patient referral, reduced cyclophosphamide doses and CD34+ selection may improve outcomes. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT0251612

Recovery of Adrenal Function after Long-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy for Giant Cell Arteritis: A Cohort Study

Objectives: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a chronic systemic vasculitis of large and medium-sized arteries, for which long-term glucocorticoid (GC) treatment is needed. During GC withdrawal patients can suffer adrenal insufficiency. We sought to determine the time until recovery of adrenal function after long-term GC therapy, and to assess the prevalence and predictors for secondary adrenal insufficiency. Subjects and Design: 150 patients meeting the ACR criteria for GCA between 1984 and 2012 were analyzed. All received the same GC treatment protocol. The low-dose ACTH stimulation test was repeated annually until adrenal recovery. Biographical, clinical and laboratory data were collected prospectively and compared. Results: At the first ACTH test, 74 (49%) patients were non-responders: of these, the mean time until recovery of adrenal function was 14 months (max: 51 months). A normal test response occurred within 36 months in 85 % of patients. However, adrenal function never recovered in 5 % of patients. GC of>15 mg/day at 6 months, GC of>9.5 mg/day at 12 months, treatment duration of>19 months, a cumulative GC dose of>8.5 g, and a basal cortisol concentration of <386 nmol/L were all statistically associated with a negative response in the first ACTH test (p <0.05). Conclusion: Adrenal insufficiency in patients with GCA, treated long-term with GC, was frequent but transitory

Quality of life in patients with uveitis: data from the ULISSE study (Uveitis: cLInical and medico-economic evaluation of a Standardised Strategy for the Etiological diagnosis)

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Thoracic involvement and imaging patterns in IgG4-related disease

International audienceObjective Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare orphan disease. Lung, pleura, pericardium, mediastinum, aorta and lymph node involvement has been reported with variable frequency and mostly in Asian studies. The objective of this study was to describe thoracic involvement assessed by high-resolution thoracic computed tomography (CT) in Caucasian patients with IgG4-RD.Methods Thoracic CT scans before treatment were retrospectively collected through the French case registry of IgG4-RD and a single tertiary referral centre. CT scans were reviewed by two experts in thoracic imagery blinded from clinical data.Results 48 IgG4-RD patients with thoracic involvement were analysed. All had American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification scores ≥20 and comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD. CT scan findings showed heterogeneous lesions. Seven patterns were observed: peribronchovascular involvement (56%), lymph node enlargement (31%), nodular disease (25%), interstitial disease (25%), ground-glass opacities (10%), pleural disease (8%) and retromediastinal fibrosis (4%). In 37% of cases two or more patterns were associated. Asthma was significantly associated with peribronchovascular involvement (p=0.04). Among eight patients evaluated by CT scan before and after treatments, only two patients with interstitial disease displayed no improvement.Conclusion Thoracic involvement of IgG4-RD is heterogeneous and likely underestimated. The main thoracic CT scan patterns are peribronchovascular thickening and thoracic lymph nodes

Flow chart of the study population.

<p>GCA: giant cell arteritis, T1 to T4: ACTH tests 1–4.</p

Rituximab for induction and maintenance treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitides: a multicentre retrospective study on 80 patients

International audienceOBJECTIVES: Rituximab has been shown to induce remission of ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAVs). Our study was undertaken to describe AAV clinical responses to rituximab used for remission-induction and/or maintenance therapy, assess rituximab's safety profile and evaluate French clinical practices. METHODS: This retrospective study concerned AAV patients who had received one or more rituximab infusion between 2002 and January 2011 and had follow-up lasting ≥12 months. RESULTS: Eighty patients were included, most with refractory or relapsing AAV: 70 (88%) with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 9 (11%) with microscopic polyangiitis and 1 (1%) with eosinophilic GPA. Rituximab was the first agent used to induce remission in 73 patients. The two most commonly administered regimens were an infusion of 375 mg/m(2)/week for 4 weeks (54 patients) and an infusion of 1 g every 2 weeks for a month (16 patients). Rituximab was first prescribed to maintain remission in seven patients. Respective 1-, 2-, and 3-year relapse-free survival rates after the first infusion were 80% (95% CI 72, 89), 63% (51, 77) and 52% (39, 70). Relapse-free survival was longer for patients receiving rituximab maintenance therapy (P = 0.002). Among 22 (28%) rituximab-treated patients experiencing severe adverse events, 12 (15%) had infectious complications leading to 4 (5%) deaths. Only 15 (19%) patients had received anti-pneumococcal vaccine before rituximab. CONCLUSION: Rituximab was able to induce AAV remission and seemed to maintain remission better than other agents, but caution is needed concerning its safety, especially regarding bacterial infections, in this population