272 research outputs found
Turbulence structure and similarity in the separated flow above a low building in the atmospheric boundary layer
Separated and reattaching flows over sharp-leading-edge bluff bodies are important to investigate in order to improve our understanding of practical flows such as the case of low-rise buildings in the atmospheric boundary layer. In this study, Particle Image Velocimetry measurements of the separated-reattaching flows over the roof surface of a low-rise building model were taken for six different turbulent boundary layer conditions. The results were analyzed to understand how the incident turbulence affects the flow field of the separation bubbles above the low-rise building roof. The mean flow field above the roof-surface was found to be approximately similar across the six terrain conditions using the mean reattachment length in the streamwise direction and the maximum mean thickness of the separated shear layer in the vertical direction. However, the turbulence stresses are not similar which is attributed to high levels of initial turbulence kinetic energy in the separated shear layer. This leads to fundamental differences in the initial development of the separated flow when compared to flows with lower turbulence in the incident stream. The results indicate that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability may be altered, or perhaps even suppressed, in the initial flow development region. This leads to substantially different turbulence statistics and characteristics within the separated shear layers
The Use of Satellite Imagery for Monitoring Ice Break-up along the Mackenzie River, N.W.T.
The usefulness of satellite imagery for providing comprehensive information concerning break-up of river ice is discussed. For the years 1975-77, dates of break-up along the Mackenzie River derived from satellite images correlated well with the dates noted at six ground stations in the valley. It is suggested that satellite imagery could also be used to study ice break-up along rivers where little or no hydrometeorological data are regularly collected
Probability Distribution Function of the Diquark Condensate in Two Colours QCD
We consider diquark condensation in finite density lattice SU(2). We first
present an extension of Vafa-Witten result, on spontaneous breaking of
vector-like global symmetries, that allows us to formulate a no-go theorem for
diquark condensation in a region of the chemical potential-mass parameter
space. We then describe a new technique to calculate diquark condensation at
any number of flavours directly at zero external source without using any
potentially dangerous extrapolation procedure. We apply it to the strong
coupling limit and find compelling evidences for a second order phase
transition, where a diquark condensate appears, as well as quantitative
agreement between lattice results and low-energy effective Lagrangian
calculations.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure
The Scale of Cosmic Isotropy
The most fundamental premise to the standard model of the universe, the
Cosmological Principle (CP), states that the large-scale properties of the
universe are the same in all directions and at all comoving positions.
Demonstrating this theoretical hypothesis has proven to be a formidable
challenge. The cross-over scale R_{iso} above which the galaxy distribution
becomes statistically isotropic is vaguely defined and poorly (if not at all)
quantified. Here we report on a formalism that allows us to provide an
unambiguous operational definition and an estimate of R_{iso}. We apply the
method to galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7,
finding that R_{iso}\sim 150h^{-1} Mpc. Besides providing a consistency test of
the Copernican principle, this result is in agreement with predictions based on
numerical simulations of the spatial distribution of galaxies in cold dark
matter dominated cosmological models.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted by JCAP. The text matches the published
versio
Orbital resonances in discs around braneworld Kerr black holes
Rotating black holes in the brany universe of the Randall-Sundrum type are
described by the Kerr geometry with a tidal charge b representing the
interaction of the brany black hole and the bulk spacetime. For b<0 rotating
black holes with dimensionless spin a>1 are allowed. We investigate the role of
the tidal charge b in the orbital resonance model of QPOs in black hole
systems. The orbital Keplerian, the radial and vertical epicyclic frequencies
of the equatorial, quasicircular geodetical motion are given and their radial
profiles are discussed. The resonant conditions are given in three
astrophysically relevant situations: for direct (parametric) resonances, for
the relativistic precession model, and for some trapped oscillations of the
warped discs, with resonant combinational frequencies. It is shown, how b could
influence matching of the observational data indicating the 3:2 frequency ratio
observed in GRS 1915+105 microquasar with prediction of the orbital resonance
model; limits on allowed range of the black hole parameters a and b are
established. The "magic" dimensionless black hole spin enabling presence of
strong resonant phenomena at the radius where \nu_K:\nu_{\theta}:\nu_r=3:2:1 is
determined in dependence on b. Such strong resonances could be relevant even in
sources with highly scattered resonant frequencies, as those expected in Sgr
A*. The specific values of a and b are given also for existence of specific
radius where \nu_K:\nu_{\theta}:\nu_r=s:t:u with 5>=s>t>u being small natural
numbers. It is shown that for some ratios such situation is impossible in the
field of black holes. We can conclude that analysing the microquasars
high-frequency QPOs in the framework of orbital resonance models, we can put
relevant limits on the tidal charge of brany Kerr black holes.Comment: 31 pages, 19 figures, to appear in General Relativity and Gravitatio
The r-modes in accreting neutron stars with magneto-viscous boundary layers
We explore the dynamics of the r-modes in accreting neutron stars in two
ways. First, we explore how dissipation in the magneto-viscous boundary layer
(MVBL) at the crust-core interface governs the damping of r-mode perturbations
in the fluid interior. Two models are considered: one assuming an
ordinary-fluid interior, the other taking the core to consist of superfluid
neutrons, type II superconducting protons, and normal electrons. We show,
within our approximations, that no solution to the magnetohydrodynamic
equations exists in the superfluid model when both the neutron and proton
vortices are pinned. However, if just one species of vortex is pinned, we can
find solutions. When the neutron vortices are pinned and the proton vortices
are unpinned there is much more dissipation than in the ordinary-fluid model,
unless the pinning is weak. When the proton vortices are pinned and the neutron
vortices are unpinned the dissipation is comparable or slightly less than that
for the ordinary-fluid model, even when the pinning is strong. We also find in
the superfluid model that relatively weak radial magnetic fields ~ 10^9 G (10^8
K / T)^2 greatly affect the MVBL, though the effects of mutual friction tend to
counteract the magnetic effects. Second, we evolve our two models in time,
accounting for accretion, and explore how the magnetic field strength, the
r-mode saturation amplitude, and the accretion rate affect the cyclic evolution
of these stars. If the r-modes control the spin cycles of accreting neutron
stars we find that magnetic fields can affect the clustering of the spin
frequencies of low mass x-ray binaries (LMXBs) and the fraction of these that
are currently emitting gravitational waves.Comment: 19 pages, 8 eps figures, RevTeX; corrected minor typos and added a
referenc
Accretion, Outflows, and Winds of Magnetized Stars
Many types of stars have strong magnetic fields that can dynamically
influence the flow of circumstellar matter. In stars with accretion disks, the
stellar magnetic field can truncate the inner disk and determine the paths that
matter can take to flow onto the star. These paths are different in stars with
different magnetospheres and periods of rotation. External field lines of the
magnetosphere may inflate and produce favorable conditions for outflows from
the disk-magnetosphere boundary. Outflows can be particularly strong in the
propeller regime, wherein a star rotates more rapidly than the inner disk.
Outflows may also form at the disk-magnetosphere boundary of slowly rotating
stars, if the magnetosphere is compressed by the accreting matter. In isolated,
strongly magnetized stars, the magnetic field can influence formation and/or
propagation of stellar wind outflows. Winds from low-mass, solar-type stars may
be either thermally or magnetically driven, while winds from massive, luminous
O and B type stars are radiatively driven. In all of these cases, the magnetic
field influences matter flow from the stars and determines many observational
properties. In this chapter we review recent studies of accretion, outflows,
and winds of magnetized stars with a focus on three main topics: (1) accretion
onto magnetized stars; (2) outflows from the disk-magnetosphere boundary; and
(3) winds from isolated massive magnetized stars. We show results obtained from
global magnetohydrodynamic simulations and, in a number of cases compare global
simulations with observations.Comment: 60 pages, 44 figure
Towards optimal use of antithrombotic therapy of people with cancer at the end of life: a research protocol for the development and implementation of the SERENITY shared decision support tool Thrombosis Research
Background: Even though antithrombotic therapy has probably little or even negative effects on the well-being of people with cancer during their last year of life, deprescribing antithrombotic therapy at the end of life is rare in practice. It is often continued until death, possibly resulting in excess bleeding, an increased disease burden and higher healthcare costs. Methods: The SERENITY consortium comprises researchers and clinicians from eight European countries with specialties in different clinical fields, epidemiology and psychology. SERENITY will use a comprehensive approach combining a realist review, flash mob research, epidemiological studies, and qualitative interviews. The results of these studies will be used in a Delphi process to reach a consensus on the optimal design of the shared decision support tool. Next, the shared decision support tool will be tested in a randomised controlled trial. A targeted implementation and dissemination plan will be developed to enable the use of the SERENITY tool across Europe, as well as its incorporation in clinical guidelines and policies. The entire project is funded by Horizon Europe.Results: SERENITY will develop an information-driven shared decision support tool that will facilitate treatment decisions regarding the appropriate use of antithrombotic therapy in people with cancer at the end of life. Conclusions: We aim to develop an intervention that guides the appropriate use of antithrombotic therapy, prevents bleeding complications, and saves healthcare costs. Hopefully, usage of the tool leads to enhanced empowerment and improved quality of life and treatment satisfaction of people with advanced cancer and their care givers
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