Beyond the pill: New medication delivery options for ADHD

Successful treatment of pediatric disorders has necessitated the development of alternative medication formulations, as children may prefer alternative dosage forms to tablets or capsules. This is especially true for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is one of the most common chronic pediatric conditions and often involves children with a variety of overlapping physical, psychological, or neurodevelopmental disorders. A special challenge for developing alternative dosage forms for ADHD treatment is the incorporation of a once-daily long-acting formulation. Traditional ADHD medication formulations have been limited, and issues surrounding prescribed dosing regimens—including poor medication adherence, difficulty swallowing, and the lack of dosing titration options—persist in ADHD treatment. In other disease areas, the development of alternative formulations has provided options for patients who have issues with consuming solid dosage forms, particularly children and individuals with developmental disorders. In the light of these new developments, several alternative formulations for ADHD medications are under development or have recently become available. This article reviews the various strategies for developing alternative dosage forms in other disease areas and discusses the application of these strategies in ADHD treatment. Alternative dosage forms may increase medication adherence, compliance, and patient preference and, therefore, improve the overall treatment for ADHD.</jats:p

Another Hole in the Head? Brain Treatment in Ancient Egyptian Mummies

Perhaps the most sensational and best-known feature of Egyptian mummification, the removal of the brain, is commonly attributed to the New Kingdom onward (e.g. [1]). Variability both within and between excerebration techniques, however, is poorly appreciated in the literature [2], and reporting of excerebration is often inconsistent, greatly simplified, or simply absent in descriptions of mummified remains, making detailed comparative studies difficult if not impossible. The goals of this study were to demonstrate: variability in mummy excerebration techniques temporal and status trends in brain treatment the limitations of the literature for large studies This study focuses on computed tomography (CT), as a non-destructive gold standard for mummies studies, in the examination of three primary treatments of the brain in mummification: transnasal craniotomy (TNC) transforaminal craniotomy (TFC) the absence of excerebration in relation to their radiological indications and their variations with time and status

Desperately Seeking Stable 50-Year-Old Landscapes with Patches and Long, Wide Corridors

Conservation corridors are a promising intervention to preserve biodiversity, yet most research has explored corridors in a landscape context different from their intended purpose. This Community Page asks readers to help identify landscapes that will help answer the question: Do corridors work

Facile Protocol for Water-Tolerant “Frustrated Lewis Pair”-Catalyzed Hydrogenation

Despite rapid advances in the field of metal-free, “frustrated Lewis pair” (FLP)-catalyzed hydrogenation, the need for strictly anhydrous reaction conditions has hampered wide-scale uptake of this methodology. Herein, we report that, despite the generally perceived moisture sensitivity of FLPs, 1,4-dioxane solutions of B(C6F5)3 actually show appreciable moisture tolerance and can catalyze hydrogenation of a range of weakly basic substrates without the need for rigorously inert conditions. In particular, reactions can be performed directly in commercially available nonanhydrous solvents without subsequent drying or use of internal desiccants