9,424 research outputs found
The Quality of Mental Health Care Received by Homeless Inpatients
Background: Homeless individuals are among the most vulnerable to mental health difficulties yet their access to, and utilisation of, mental health services are poor. When they do access and utilise services, their mental health needs often remain unmet, suggesting potential issues with the quality of mental health care provided to this population. This thesis aimed to compare the demographic and clinical profiles of homeless and housed service users admitted to hospital for treatment of anxiety and/or depression. It then aimed to examine the quality of care received by homeless and housed service users, including referrals for psychological therapy, and investigate demographic and clinical predictors of referrals of homeless service users for psychological therapy.
Method: A secondary analysis of existing data compared homeless (n=223) and housed (n=3572) service user groups on demographic, clinical and quality of care variables using Pearson Chi-square tests. The demographic and clinical characteristics of homeless service users referred for psychological therapy were compared with those of homeless service users who were not referred. A logistic regression was performed to establish predictors of referral of homeless service users to psychological therapy.
Results: The demographic and clinical profiles of homeless service users differed significantly from those of housed service users. Homeless service users were significantly more likely than housed service users to be male, younger, of ethnic minority background and unemployed. Over half were diagnosed with stress- related disorders (52.2%), more than one third had comorbid substance-related disorders (35.4%), planned admissions were infrequent (4%) and they fared worse than housed service users on nearly all quality of care variables from assessment to post-discharge. Homeless service users (27.8%) were significantly less likely than housed service users (39.7%) to be referred for psychological therapy, though there were no significant differences in the characteristics of homeless service users who were and were not referred. The logistic regression yielded no significant predictive effects of age, gender or primary diagnosis on referral of homeless service users for therapy.
Conclusions: This thesis reviewed the quality of mental health care received by homeless service users from admission to post-discharge. Results underscore that homeless service users fare worse than housed service users across multiple quality of care indicators; such inequality represents a violation of the human right to health. There is a moral obligation for services to meet the needs of this marginalised faction of our communities and to address the health inequalities it faces
Diagnosing Deconfinement and Topological Order
Topological or deconfined phases are characterized by emergent, weakly
fluctuating, gauge fields. In condensed matter settings they inevitably come
coupled to excitations that carry the corresponding gauge charges which
invalidate the standard diagnostic of deconfinement---the Wilson loop. Inspired
by a mapping between symmetric sponges and the deconfined phase of the
gauge theory, we construct a diagnostic for deconfinement that has the
interpretation of a line tension. One operator version of this diagnostic turns
out to be the Fredenhagen-Marcu order parameter known to lattice gauge
theorists and we show that a different version is best suited to condensed
matter systems. We discuss generalizations of the diagnostic, use it to
establish the existence of finite temperature topological phases in
dimensions and show that multiplets of the diagnostic are useful in settings
with multiple phases such as gauge theories with charge matter.
[Additionally we present an exact reduction of the partition function of the
toric code in general dimensions to a well studied problem.]Comment: 11 pages, several figure
Dipolar spin correlations in classical pyrochlore magnets
We study spin correlations for the highly frustrated classical pyrochlore
lattice antiferromagnets with O(N) symmetry in the limit T->0. We conjecture
that a local constraint obeyed by the extensively degenerate ground states
dictates a dipolar form for the asymptotic spin correlations, at all N 2
for which the system is paramagnetic down to T=0. We verify this conjecture in
the cases N=1 and N=3 by simulations and to all orders in the 1/N expansion
about the solvable N=infinity limit. Remarkably, the N=infinity formulae are an
excellent fit, at all distances, to the correlators at N=3 and even at N=1.
Thus we obtain a simple analytical expression also for the correlations of the
equivalent models of spin ice and cubic water ice, I_h.Comment: 4 pages revtex
The Full-Color Two-Loop Four-Gluon Amplitude in Super-QCD
We present the fully integrated form of the two-loop four-gluon amplitude in
supersymmetric quantum chromodynamics with gauge group
SU and with massless supersymmetric quarks (hypermultiplets) in
the fundamental representation. Our result maintains full dependence on
and , and relies on the existence of a compact integrand representation
that exhibits the duality between color and kinematics. Specializing to the
superconformal theory, where , we obtain
remarkably simple amplitudes that have an analytic structure close to that of
super-Yang-Mills theory, except that now certain lower-weight
terms appear. We comment on the corresponding results for other gauge groups.Comment: 5 pages + refs, 1 figure, 2 ancillary file
Quantum search algorithms on a regular lattice
Quantum algorithms for searching one or more marked items on a d-dimensional
lattice provide an extension of Grover's search algorithm including a spatial
component. We demonstrate that these lattice search algorithms can be viewed in
terms of the level dynamics near an avoided crossing of a one-parameter family
of quantum random walks. We give approximations for both the level-splitting at
the avoided crossing and the effectively two-dimensional subspace of the full
Hilbert space spanning the level crossing. This makes it possible to give the
leading order behaviour for the search time and the localisation probability in
the limit of large lattice size including the leading order coefficients. For
d=2 and d=3, these coefficients are calculated explicitly. Closed form
expressions are given for higher dimensions
Spin-nematic order in the frustrated pyrochlore-lattice quantum rotor model
As an example of ordering due to quantum fluctuations, we examine the
nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic quantum O(n) rotor model on the pyrochlore
lattice. Classically, this system remains disordered even at zero temperature;
we find that adding quantum fluctuations induces an ordered phase that survives
to positive temperature, and we determine how its phase diagram scales with the
coupling constant and the number of spin components. We demonstrate, using
quantum Monte Carlo simulations, that this phase has long-range spin-nematic
order, and that the phase transition into it appears to be first order.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure
Late metal-silicate separation on the IAB parent asteroid: Constraints from combined W and Pt isotopes and thermal modelling
The short-lived Hf-W decay system is a powerful chronometer
for constraining the timing of metal-silicate separation and core formation in
planetesimals and planets. Neutron capture effects on W isotopes, however,
significantly hamper the application of this tool. In order to correct for
neutron capture effects, Pt isotopes have emerged as a reliable in-situ neutron
dosimeter. This study applies this method to IAB iron meteorites, in order to
constrain the timing of metal segregation on the IAB parent body. The
W values obtained for the IAB iron meteorites range from -3.61
0.10 to -2.73 0.09. Correlating Pt with
W data yields a pre-neutron capture W of -2.90 0.06. This
corresponds to a metal-silicate separation age of 6.0 0.8 Ma after CAI
for the IAB parent body, and is interpreted to represent a body-wide melting
event. Later, between 10 and 14 Ma after CAI, an impact led to a catastrophic
break-up and subsequent reassembly of the parent body. Thermal models of the
interior evolution that are consistent with these estimates suggest that the
IAB parent body underwent metal-silicate separation as a result of internal
heating by short-lived radionuclides and accreted at around 1.4 0.1 Ma
after CAIs with a radius of greater than 60 km.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables; open access article under the CC
BY-NC-ND license (see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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