A Changing World of Workplace Conflict Resolution and Employee Voice: An Australian Perspective

The authors contribute to dispute resolution theory and provide new insights on such important issues as employee voice, workplace disputes and employees’ intentions to quit. They conducted and analyzed a survey of managers in Australian workplaces. They apply Budd and Colvin’s (2008) path-finding dispute resolution framework to examine two research questions: first, is there a relationship between the resolution of disputes and employee voice as measured by employee perceptions of influence over decision-making? Second, is there a relationship between the resolution of workplace disputes and employees’ intentions to quit? These are important questions in view of the high costs of workplace conflict and employee turnover. The authors find that employee voice facilitates successful dispute resolution. Further, employee voice has the additional benefit of directly reducing employee turnover intentions, above and beyond its indirect effect by helping to resolve conflicts at work

Beyond the Pale: Cultural Diversity on ASX100 Boards

This report presents a qualitative study of the cultural diversity of Australian boardrooms, a significantly under-researched, yet critical area of organisational leadership. The evidence we present was gathered through in-depth interviews with 18 ASX100 board members who were questioned on aspects of cultural diversity on boards; and 9 representatives from leading executive search firms responsible for board recruitment. The interviewees are key insiders into the dynamics of boards and gave fascinating insights into the research question: What are the key inhibitors and enablers for cultural diversity on Australian boards? The findings indicate that there are both perceptual and systemic barriers to cultural diversity on boards and also highlight the complexity of cultural diversity, raising issues around how we define cultural background and ‘fitting in’, influence, contribution, voice and leadership.Australian Institute of Company Directors; Australian Human Rights Commissio

The Value and Feasibility of Farming Differently Than the Local Average

The purpose of this research is to quantify the value of being different than the local average and feasibility of distinguishing particular parts of an operation from the local average. Kansas crop farms are broken down by their farm characteristics, production practices, and management performances. An ordinary least squares regression model is used to quantify the value of having different than average characteristics, practices, and management performances. The degree farms have distinguished particular parts of their operations from the average, and how consistently they distinguish their cost, yields, and prices from the average are also analyzed. Farms’ relative size, workers per acre, planting intensity, machine costs, yields, and prices are all significantly related to farm relative performance. Farms’ characteristics are generally more different from one another than their production practices and management performances, while over time farms’ relative cost management performances are more consistent than their relative yield and price management performances

Implementation of Solar Car Technology

Under the leadership of Dr. Erik Mayer, Pittsburg State University hosted the first Kansas Solar Race Competition. The purpose of this competition is to motivate students to learn about different aspects of solar car technology. The competition motivates students by bringing multiple teams together in a friendly competition to test out their uniquely engineered and constructed wireless cars. The cars will compete in different competitions such as an agil­ity competition and a drag race. After the competition, the students are able to learn from the ingenuity of other teams and spark a curiosity to continue to learn about solar car technology for the next year

Radio Frequency Plasma Discharge Lamps for Use as Stable Calibration Light Sources

Stable high radiance in visible and near-ultraviolet wavelengths is desirable for radiometric calibration sources. In this work, newly available electrodeless radio-frequency (RF) driven plasma light sources were combined with research grade, low-noise power supplies and coupled to an integrating sphere to produce a uniform radiance source. The stock light sources consist of a 28 VDC power supply, RF driver, and a resonant RF cavity. The RF cavity includes a small bulb with a fill gas that is ionized by the electric field and emits light. This assembly is known as the emitter. The RF driver supplies a source of RF energy to the emitter. In commercial form, embedded electronics within the RF driver perform a continual optimization routine to maximize energy transfer to the emitter. This optimization routine continually varies the light output sinusoidally by approximately 2% over a several-second period. Modifying to eliminate this optimization eliminates the sinusoidal variation but allows the output to slowly drift over time. This drift can be minimized by allowing sufficient warm-up time to achieve thermal equilibrium. It was also found that supplying the RF driver with a low-noise source of DC electrical power improves the stability of the lamp output. Finally, coupling the light into an integrating sphere reduces the effect of spatial fluctuations, and decreases noise at the output port of the sphere

Glial cells are functionally impaired in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and detrimental to neurons.

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs or Batten disease) are a group of inherited, fatal neurodegenerative disorders of childhood. In these disorders, glial (microglial and astrocyte) activation typically occurs early in disease progression and predicts where neuron loss subsequently occurs. We have found that in the most common juvenile form of NCL (CLN3 disease or JNCL) this glial response is less pronounced in both mouse models and human autopsy material, with the morphological transformation of both astrocytes and microglia severely attenuated or delayed. To investigate their properties, we isolated glia and neurons from Cln3-deficient mice and studied their basic biology in culture. Upon stimulation, both Cln3-deficient astrocytes and microglia also showed an attenuated ability to transform morphologically, and an altered protein secretion profile. These defects were more pronounced in astrocytes, including the reduced secretion of a range of neuroprotective factors, mitogens, chemokines and cytokines, in addition to impaired calcium signalling and glutamate clearance. Cln3-deficient neurons also displayed an abnormal organization of their neurites. Most importantly, using a co-culture system, Cln3-deficient astrocytes and microglia had a negative impact on the survival and morphology of both Cln3-deficient and wildtype neurons, but these effects were largely reversed by growing mutant neurons with healthy glia. These data provide evidence that CLN3 disease astrocytes are functionally compromised. Together with microglia, they may play an active role in neuron loss in this disorder and can be considered as potential targets for therapeutic interventions

Using alcohol unit-marked glasses enhances capacity to monitor intake: evidence from a mixed-method intervention trial

Aims: People tend to have poor knowledge of government guidelines for alcohol use, and lack the motivation and skills required to use them to monitor their drinking. The study aim was to determine whether using glasses marked with such guidelines would improve knowledge and attitudes, increase frequency of counting units, and lower alcohol intake. Methods: 450 adults participated in an intervention-control study with 1-month follow-up. The intervention group was encouraged to use glasses supplied by the researchers that indicated the unit content of drinks of different strengths and volumes, and stated the intake guidelines. Interviews with 13 intervention group participants focused on their experiences of using the glasses and recommendations for their use. Results: Analyses adjusted for baseline variables showed that the intervention improved: knowledge of unit-based guidelines; ability to estimate the unit content of drinks; attitudes toward the guidelines; and frequency of counting unit intake. However, there was no significant change in alcohol consumption. Interview data confirmed that the glasses provided useful information that encouraged people to think about their drinking and to discuss alcohol with other people. However, their design was not appealing to all, and their initial impact did not always persist. Conclusions: Use of unit-marked glasses led to changes in people’s use of unit-based guidelines to monitor their drinking. The qualitative data suggested that the glasses could have an impact at the individual level (on knowledge and attitudes) and at a broader level (by prompting discussion of alcohol use)

Post-fire Recovery of Wyoming Big Sagebrush Steppe in Central and Southeast Montana

Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) steppe is a widespread habitat throughout eastern Montana and supports several sagebrush-dependent species including Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). We sampled 24 burned-unburned paired sites in central and southeastern Montana dominated by Wyoming big sagebrush (ssp. wyomingensis). Time since fire ranged from 4 to 67 years. Prescribed burns and wildfires typically resulted in the complete mortality of big sagebrush. We found negligible post-fire Wyoming big sagebrush recovery for 17 of the 24 sites and the oldest burn (67 years) was only 8 percent recovered. Perennial grass cover increased 27 percent and 20 percent following prescribed fire and wildfire, respectively; western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) accounted for most of this increase. Annual grass cover increased by 11 percent due primarily to field brome (Bromus arvensis, formerly B. japonicus). Plant species richness significantly declined in burned plots compared to unburned controls. There was no change after burning in overall sub-shrub or forb cover or the density of Cichorieae forbs that are important for successful Greater Sage-grouse brood rearing. Managers concerned about Greater Sage-grouse and other sage-dependent species should be extremely cautious with prescribed burns and wildfires in this region. Fire will likely eliminate sagebrush habitat, increase weedy annual grass cover and reduce species richness; sagebrush cover could take a century or more to recover to pre-burn conditions