The Future Role of the Negro College in America

The future role of Negro colleges and universities is being altered as a result of previous factors involved and of newer components developing from the integration of higher educational institutions in America

Cultural constructions of illness : the client and practitioner perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine. Perth Western Australia

An increased use of Complementary and alternate health care practices (CAM) and under which TCM is found assumed, is found in overseas countries and has become increasingly popular among Australian consumer. There has been a considerably increase in the consumer use of TCM over the past decade, but little is understood on the practice of the clinical encounter in TCM explained from the context within a clinic in western society.Investigation was made on how social and cultural processes have shaped people’s acceptance of TCM as a form of complementary health. Drawing from an ethnographic focus, the study explores the practice of TCM in several clinic settings in Perth. Attention is paid to the ways in which notions of health and illness are constructed by clients and practitioners. This study examined the interactions found in the process of ‘Kanbing’ from a TCM practice in Perth, Western Australia in order to understand how health practices are shaped by cultural and social processes. From an anthropological perspective, the ethnography of this study was guided an extended contact with the everyday clinical context of TCM, facilitated through participant observation, interviews with clients and practitioners and case study analysis. Interviews revealed perspectives from clients of non-Asian backgrounds to record the lived experiences of the encounters between the practitioner and client of TCM in the clinic. Participant observation took place over a two year period from February 2002 to March 2003 with further follow up work in the field conducted at intervals throughout 2004 and 2006 to gain additional data.The client centred interrelationships between practitioners of TCM, clients, and their perceptions, formed part of the interpretative process that informed the understanding of the cultural context from how an illness is described and explained through the process of Kanbing. My research was drawn from the reality of the encounter within the clinical context through participant observation within two western clinics of TCM. Thus the study makes a contribution to anthropology on the understanding of the structure and meaning found within the practice of traditional Chinese medicine in Australia

A Comparative Study of the Intelligence Quotient of the Negro

Extending beyond health, white supremacists maintain that Negroes are innately less intelligent than Caucasians. In a statement remarkably comparable to those made two centuries ago by advocates of the theory of American degeneration, one modern-day racist phrases the claim in these words: Any man with two eyes in his head can observe a Negro settlement in the Congo, can study the pure-blood African in his native habitat as he exists when left on his own resources, can compare this settlement with London or Paris, and can draw hos own conclusions regarding relative levels of character and intelligence.... Finally, he can inquire as to the number of pure-blooded blacks who have made their contributions to great literature or engineering or medicine or philosophy or abstract science. Such claims assumed special importance among the opponents of the Supreme Court\u27s school desegregation ruing in 1954. Interracial education simply will not work, contended many segregationists; Negro children are too retarded innately to benefit and will only act to drag down the standards of the white children. Americans are far less receptive to such reasoning now than they were a generation ago. Public opinion poll data reveal that, while only two out of five white Americans regarded Negroes as their intellectual equals in 1942, almost for out of five did by 1956--including a substantial majority of white Southerners. Much of this change is due to the thorough repudiation of racist assertions by the vast majority of modern psychologists and other behavioral scientists. The latest research in this area lends the strongest evidence yet available for this repudiation. This study takes a new look at this old controversy and presents a summary of the relevant research

A Study of Personality Differences in Children Related to Strict or Permissive Parental Discipline

The aim of this study is to determine how the children of dominating parents differ from those of submissive parents in behavior, personality, and in their mental life and attitudes. In addition a discussion will be made of the adjustment between father and mother as married partners and of the childhood background of the parents. The study to be reported is based upon actual cases comparing families in which there is strict and rigid control of children with families in which control of children is lax. The collected information of this research paper follows no one single finding of any one test. Rather, the study includes a conglomeration of psychological testings and findings

The Effect of Environment on the Mentally Retarded Child

Mental retardation is one of the most challenging problems of childhood. It affects not only the child but also parents, siblings, and the community. The retarded child needs the help of the physician, the psychologist, the social worker, the teacher, and even the lawmakers. The question of mental retardation, fortunately, is now being brought into the open. The child who is mentally retarded is no longer kept behind closed windows and locked doors. Mental retardation, formerly, looked upon as a stigma, is now considered a disease, like tuberculosis, diabetes, and heart trouble. Mental retardation had been designated by various terms and defined in many ways. Reduced to its simplest form, however, mental retardation stands for a subnormal intelligence and a reduced capacity for learning. There are so many degrees and types of mental retardation that there is no single definition that all of them cannot be included [sic]. For deeper insight into the problem of mental retardation, the problem is first defined and classified. Several definitions are provided from various sources for a listing of their common elements and differentials. Various investigators have indicated general community and family characteristics that are correlated with intellectual functioning. They have cited low socioeconomic status, disorganized family life, isolation, a crowded home, and lack of stimulation as factors in inadequate functioning. When these investigations have found mental retardation among persons living in conditions such as those listed, they have labeled these people as having suffered from cultural deprivation, social or cultural disadvantage, exogenous mental retardation, or environmental-psychological deprivation. This study describes the relationship between cultural characteristics and mental retardation. The scope of this study extends from the definition of the problem to the point in the life of the child when he is first influenced by his environment. This period is limited to the early age of the retarded child from birth to pre-school age. Information is restricted to the home environment of the child with reactions of parents to the child. Illustrations, in the form of case studies, in addition to printed information are provided for clarity in presenting the study, also for aid in relating the facts from the writer to the reader

Improving Reading Skills

This study was undertaken as an aid for improving basic reading skills through the use of the Reading Lab instructed by Mrs. L. Durkee. This was thus a developmental project in reading. Specifically stated the purposes of this study were: (1) to increase reading rate; (2) to increase the use of words through vocabulary building; and (3) to improve reading comprehension. The approach here is one of practicality rather than theoretical. The course of study was therefore geared from the particular deficiencies of the student to improve reading skills. This afforded flexibility on the parts of the instructor and the student. The program was non-structured but was directed toward meeting the individual needs of the student. The format of this presentation will follow several aspects while at the same time being interwoven and interdependent. Of significant emphasis will be the methods and materials used in the Reading Development Program

Clergy Academic Management Training in Non-Denominational Faith-Based Organizations

There is little research about how clerics manage and lead small to midsized non-denominational nonprofit organizations. The rate of clergy failures in non-denominational organizations has left many questions about what is needed to create organizational success. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences and perceptions of clergy manager-leaders\u27 management training in non-denominational organizations. Fourteen full-time clerics from Bloomingdale, Georgia, Rincon, Georgia, and Savannah, Georgia participated in face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The data analysis process involved the use of Edward and Welch\u27s extension of Colaizzi\u27s data analysis procedures, which resulted in the emergence of 4 themes. The themes included: (1) management education and training, (2) experiencing the call of God, and (3) servant leadership. There was common experiences and perceptions among clerics that there was a need for management training to improve workforce productivity, soft skills, and improve the performance of the organization to match the changes in their communities. The findings provide indications from clerics responses that organizational success is dependent upon clergy manager-leaders\u27 effectiveness in their role as full-time clerics as perceived by the expectations of their members, followers, and community stakeholders. This study is significant in that its findings could promote awareness for the need of management training in non-denominational organizations. The potential implications for social change is an innovative work environment, organizational success, community and social responsibility

Contracting Correctness: A Rubric for Analyzing Morality Clauses

Morality clauses give a contracting party the right to terminate if the other party behaves badly or embarrassingly. A curious product of twentieth-century Hollywood, these contract clauses have traditionally been used to control the antics of entertainers and athletes. The current politically-sensitive historical moment, combined with the internet’s ability to broadcast widely and permanently, has put everyone’s off-duty speech, conduct, and reputation under the microscope. Media reports detailing people’s digital falls from grace abound. For fear of negative association, businesses are more attuned than ever to the extracurricular acts of their agents and associates—and are increasingly binding them to morality clauses that allow for abrupt separations. However, morality clauses have largely escaped judicial and academic scrutiny. Perhaps due to the hefty bargaining power of their traditionally famous parties, most courts have generally found these clauses enforceable with fleeting analysis. Outside of the sports and entertainment industries, academic literature on the morality clause is scant. We ignore morality clauses at our peril. Like non-compete clauses, which suffer from well-documented overuse and overbreadth, morality clauses can be socially harmful. Their unrestricted use allows and invites unpredictability, bad faith, and broad limitations on expression, privacy, and other liberties. This is especially true when imposed on low-profile agents with little bargaining power. Unlike the well-trodden area of non-competes, there is no uniform rubric for assessing whether and to what extent morality clauses are enforceable, fairly imposed, and lawfully interpreted. This Article addresses this gap, offering to courts and jurists alike a five-factor test by which to determine the validity of morality clauses in a world where reputation pervades and the line between home and office is blurred

Minority and Women Entrepreneurs Contracting with thw Federal Government

 This article uses learning network theory as a foundation upon which the assistance and barriers minority and women entrepreneurs face when attempting to contract with the federal government may be studied. The public policy programs analyzed for this study were the SBA's 8(a) program and the Department of Defense's Procurement Technical Assistance Program (PTAC). The methodology utilized was an in-depth analysis of government contracting experiences in two states, Missouri and Kansas, in the greater Kansas City area via formalized interviews and government data. Research results revealed strong responses to the 8(a) program and its overall effectiveness. Racial issues were of a particular concern, as well as the perceived lack of strength behind 8(a) contracting incentives. The PTAC program was revealed to be reaching a significantly increasing percentage of woman owned businesses, and to a lesser extent, minority-owned businesses while providing a more effective learning strategy for gaining government contracts.