Preferences for and comprehension of original and readability-adapted materials

Running title: Preferences and comprehensionIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 41-42)Performed pursuant to contract no. 400-81-0030 of the National Institute of Educatio

The Effect of Vocal Modeling on Pitch-Matching Accuracy of Children in Grades One Through Six.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adult female, adult male, and child vocal modeling on the pitch-matching accuracy of children in grades one through six. Because singing is a basic component of the elementary music curriculum and is a skill which a child will continue to use throughout his/her life, it is important to determine how a child can most successfully develop and use his/her singing voice. Existing literature indicates that those factors which most directly affect a child\u27s singing ability are maturation, auditory discrimination, vocal range, and vocal modeling. Conflicting results exist as to the most effective model voice or pitch stimulus to be used in eliciting vocal accuracy in children. Two-hundred eighty-two subjects were tested individually on three separate occasions, each time with a different vocal model. Model pitch stimulus and testing conditions were exactly the same on each testing occasion, the only difference being the model voice. Accuracy of the response was measured and evaluated and each subject was given a deviation score for his/her response to each model. Scores for all subjects were then subjected to comparisons involving all variable factors. Results indicated that vocal modeling did have an effect on pitch-matching accuracy of the subjects. There were more correct responses to the child model, followed by the female and male model, respectively. Incorrect responses were more often flat for the female and male models, and more often sharp for the child model. First-grade subjects and sixth-grade subjects sang the highest percentages of incorrect responses for all three models. The highest percentage of flat responses was sung by first-grade subjects. Sixth-grade subjects enrolled in band sang more correct responses than sixth-grade subjects enrolled in chorus. For the male model, band students sang more correct responses than chorus students

Analysis of Babar loses his crown

"Text from Babar Loses His Crown by Laurent de Brunhoff, copyright c1967 by Random House, Inc."Supported in part by the National Institute of Education under Contract no. US-NIE-C-400-76-011

Grammar and Inferences of Rationality in Interpreting the Child Pornography Statute

On November 29, 1994, the U.S. Supreme Court decided United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc., a case which sharply divided participants at the symposium conference. Our discussion here re-constitutes the linguistic analysis which was reduced to a summary in the amicus brief filed by the Law and Linguistics Consortium in that case, and explores the issues which the conclusion of that analysis raised at the symposium

The Universality of Gricean Interpretation

Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1990), pp. 411-42

A Kentucky Legacy

Short stor

The Description of Inversions in Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 117-14

Pre-emptive detection and evolution of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia by flow cytometric measurable residual disease surveillance

Measurable residual disease (MRD) surveillance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may identify patients destined for relapse and thus provide the option of pre-emptive therapy to improve their outcome. Whilst flow cytometric MRD (Flow-MRD) can be applied to high-risk AML/ myelodysplasia patients, its diagnostic performance for detecting impending relapse is unknown. We evaluated this in a cohort comprising 136 true positives (bone marrows preceding relapse by a median of 2.45 months) and 155 true negatives (bone marrows during sustained remission). At an optimal Flow-MRD threshold of 0.040%, clinical sensitivity and specificity for relapse was 74% and 87% respectively (51% and 98% for Flow-MRD ≥ 0.1%) by ‘different-from-normal’ analysis. Median relapse kinetics were 0.78 log10/month but significantly higher at 0.92 log10/month for FLT3-mutated AML. Computational (unsupervised) Flow-MRD (C-Flow-MRD) generated optimal MRD thresholds of 0.036% and 0.082% with equivalent clinical sensitivity to standard analysis. C-Flow-MRD-identified aberrancies in HLADRlow or CD34+CD38low (LSC-type) subpopulations contributed the greatest clinical accuracy (56% sensitivity, 90% specificity) and notably, by longitudinal profiling expanded rapidly within blasts in &gt; 40% of 86 paired MRD and relapse samples. In conclusion, flow MRD surveillance can detect MRD relapse in high risk AML and its evaluation may be enhanced by computational analysis.<br/

Healthcare Professional and Patient Perceptions of Changes in Colorectal Cancer Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Impact on Health Inequalities

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic changed the way in which people were diagnosed and treated for cancer. We explored healthcare professional and patient perceptions of the main changes to colorectal cancer delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they impacted on socioeconomic inequalities in care. METHODS: In 2020, using a qualitative approach, we interviewed patients (n = 15) who accessed primary care with colorectal cancer symptoms and were referred for further investigations. In 2021, we interviewed a wide range of healthcare professionals (n = 30) across the cancer care pathway and gathered national and local documents/guidelines regarding changes in colorectal cancer care. RESULTS: Changes with the potential to exacerbate inequalities in care, included: the move to remote consultations; changes in symptomatic triage, new COVID testing procedures/ways to access healthcare, changes in visitor policies and treatment (e.g., shorter course radiotherapy). Changes that improved patient access/convenience or the diagnostic process have the potential to reduce inequalities in care. DISCUSSION: Changes in healthcare delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic have the ongoing potential to exacerbate existing health inequalities due to changes in how patients are triaged, changes to diagnostic and disease management processes, reduced social support available to patients and potential over-reliance on digital first approaches. We provide several recommendations to help mitigate these harms, whilst harnessing the gains