Koleksi Raffles Dari Jawa: Bukti Dari Eropa Tentang Sebuah Peradaban

Stamford Raffles was promoted to Lieutenant Governor of Java when the island was taken from the Dutch by the British East India Company in 1811 as part of the Napoleonic warsin Europe. During Raffles’ years on Java, he collected substantial cultural materials,among  others  are;  theatrical  objects,  musical  instruments,  coins  and  amulets,  metal sculpture, and drawings of Hindu- Buddhist buildings and sculpture. European interest inantiquities explains the ancient Hindu- Buddhist material in Raffles’s collection, but thetheatrical objects were less understood easily. This essay explored Raffles’ s collecting practices, addressing the key questions of what he collected and why, as well as what were the shape of the collection can tell us about him, his ideas and beliefs, his contemporaries, and Java, including interactions between colonizers and locals. I compared the types of objects in the collections with Raffles’ writings, as well as the writings of his contemporaries on Java and Sumatra in the British Library and the Royal Asiatic Society. Raffles was one of the first people to apply the enlightenment notion of systematic collecting to cultural material, but his collections were not systematized by Javanese standards, indicating his incomplete understanding of the local culture. Instead, the objects demonstrated that Raffles chose items considered indicative of civilization according to European ideas, assembling objects to support his argument in favor of Java as a remaining of a British colony, as well as to promote his own image as a scholar- official.

Pinterest and Sustainability—Engaging Students in a Core Course

Eighty-six percent of Millennials participate in use of social media. Pinterest has over 150,000,000 followers. Our college core curriculum requires a class teaching the basics of consumer behavior, sustainability and social responsibility. It is also required by other majors and minors such as Global Stories. In order to engage this diverse group of students, a project using Pinterest was developed. The students were required to search for pins that represented how sustainability could be incorporated into their daily lives and their future professional lives. A statement for each pin, explaining how it was relative and a summary of this information was, also, required for the assignment. Students provided positive feedback on the experience

Polysemy in the mental lexicon : Relatedness and frequency affect representational overlap.

Funding The reported research and the writing of this paper were sup-ported by a grant awarded by the Graduate School in the College of Life Sciences and Medicine in Aberdeen.Peer reviewedPostprin

With reference to their homogeneity, how can standardised housebuilding typologies be diversified within their morphological settings to enhance place character?

The conventional approach to 'new build' housing estates often prioritises economies of scale and standardisation, resulting in developments deemed homogenous (Letwin, 2018) and lacking a distinct character (Place Alliance, 2020). This research employs urban morphology to investigate this phenomenon, building a framework to pinpoint the elements of estate design which influence patterns of character, and ultimately provide design principles for better practice. Through a literature review, an analytical framework is built and tested on a series of case studies. Between which, methodology and findings from each are discussed with a series of experts via semi-structured interviews to refine the framework and identify where changes in the design process can be accommodated in a typical developer’s approach. Initial findings suggests that homogeneity is a valuable design principle for creating character but is employed inappropriately in contemporary development. Furthermore, the Essex Design Guide identifies a propensity for house types originally destined for lower densities to be utilised in much higher proximities, creating ‘unsatisfactory suburbia’, which fails to properly ‘enclose’ streets. This research finds that such trend has been driven by the desire to accommodate cars within residential areas, the parking of which creates breaks in enclosure. This emphasises individualised placement of standard building types which, coupled with poor use of homogeneity, mitigates place character by presenting repeated elements as uncoordinated visual clutter. In conclusion, this research encourages developers’ reconsideration of the application of homogeneity, and of vehicles as a driver of housing estate design – and by extension, residential living

It’s All Over: Romantic Relationships, Endurance and Loyalty in the Songs of Northern Irish Politically-Motivated Prisoners

This article examines the issue of romantic relationships in the cultural production of politically-motivated prisoners during the recent Northern Irish conflict, with reference to two songs on the subject written by such prisoners: Sad Song for Susan, by republican Bobby Sands, and It’s All Over, by an anonymous UDA detainee. I argue that, while most songs produced in this environment dealt with overtly political themes, the few that addressed romantic relationships also inculcated political and cultural norms, both for the prisoners and their partners. Moreover, these pieces shed light on broader ideological aspects of the respective paramilitary movement, the significance of prisoners within it and the mobilisation of broader community support around them, all of which heavily influenced cultural production. The article will contextualise how music was used to cope with and resist the demands of paramilitary imprisonment in Northern Ireland, as well as reinforce the imperatives of endurance and loyalty. I will then demonstrate that these norms were expressed in songs regarding romantic relationships, contributing to a cultural pressure upon prisoners’ partners to mirror these values in the domestic sphere

Exploring Pharmacists’ Roles during the 2019–2020 Australian Black Summer Bushfires

Background: Australians are no strangers to sudden natural disasters, such as bushfires. The effects of a natural disaster can devastate local communities and health care services. Currently, limited research has explored the role of the pharmacist during a natural disaster. This study explores the role of the Australian pharmacist during the 2019/2020 Black Summer Bushfires. Methods: Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with ten community pharmacists who worked through the Black Summer Bushfires whose daily tasks and work environment were directly affected by the bushfires. Thematic analysis using NVivo®, a qualitative data analysis software was conducted. Results: Analysis of the transcripts generated six main themes: collaboration; trauma and mental health; power and communication; acute presentations; triaging and emergency prescribing. Pharmacists worked in close collaboration with doctors and members of the local community. They provided triaging services, timely health advice about chronic health problems, and managed acute issues, including wound and burn management and mental health support in traumatic conditions, sometimes without power and communication amenities. The challenges presented to pharmacists during the bushfires warranted creative and flexible approaches at times. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for mental health support and training for pharmacists, provisional prescribing privileges, and a clearer set of contingency regulations and legislation related to emergencies and natural disasters. Further research is warranted to gain greater insight into the roles undertaken by Australian pharmacists during natural disasters and their autonomy in decision making processes during such times

Symposium : International law and political morality

This symposium explores the connection between contemporary international law and political morality. Conceptualising political morality as the set of genuine normative reasons that govern how we should interact with each other at the political level, the four papers presented in the symposium illustrate how analysing international law through the lens of political morality can sharpen our thinking about the prescriptive content and legitimacy of international legal norms, and of the relationship between those norms and the norms of domestic legal orders. Although the papers in the symposium engage with discrete aspects of international legal doctrine, all are united in conceptualising the international legal order as a normative space in which political morality plays a defining role. This introduction to the symposium provides an outline of the papers, detailing the various themes and questions explored therein. It also situates the symposium within the ‘legal interpretivist' and ‘Grotian’ traditions in legal theory, traditions which elevate questions of political morality to the forefront of legal analysis. This introduction also offers some reflections on the reasons for the historical neglect of these traditions in international legal scholarship, and on the potential value of rehabilitating them as tools for analysing and evaluating the contemporary international legal order

Sociodemographic Variation in Consumption Patterns of Sustainable and Nutritious Seafood in Australia

National dietary guidelines (DGs) consistently recommend consuming seafood for health benefits, however, the sustainability of increasing seafood consumption is often challenged. Seafood products vary in environmental performance as well as health benefits, yet there is no information integrating the health and ecological impacts of different seafood choices. The first step in optimising improved health and environmental outcomes is to examine more closely the types of seafood being consumed at population and individual levels, to develop the means to increase the intake of seafood that is optimal for human health and the environment. The purpose of this analysis was to better understand the specific types and amounts of seafood consumed by the Australian population, and by socioeconomic subgroups within the population, to determine the relative nutritional content and sustainability of seafood consumed by these groups. Secondary analysis of the Australian Health Survey (AHS) (2011–2013), which reached 32,000 people (25,000 households) was undertaken. The majority of respondents (83%) did not consume any seafood on the day of the survey. Results indicated the proportion of seafood consumers was lowest among adults who were unemployed, had the least education and were the most socio-economically disadvantaged. Crustaceans and farmed fish with low omega 3-content, such as basa and tilapia, were identified as the least nutritious and least sustainable seafood categories. These two categories constituted a substantial amount of total seafood intake for the lowest socio-economic consumers, and over 50% for unemployed consumers. In contrast, consumers in the highest socio-demographic group consumed mainly high trophic level fish (moderate nutrition and sustainability) and farmed fish with high omega-3 content (high nutrition, moderate sustainability). Fewer than 1% of adults or children reported eating seafood identified as both more nutritious and less resource intensive, such as small pelagics or molluscs. Opportunities exist to increase seafood intakes to improve health outcomes by varying current seafood consumption patterns to maximise nutritional outcomes and minimise environmental impacts. Initiatives to promote the health and environmental benefits of seafood should be promoted at the population level, with targeted interventions for specific groups, and should encourage consumption of highly nutritious low resource intensive types of seafood