Developing commercial law in transition economies : examples from Hungary and Russia

Implementing decentralized legal frameworks requires reasonable laws, adequate institutions, and market-oriented incentives. All three must exist together. In transition economies, not only must new laws be drafted but they must be accompanied by the growth of supportive institutions. And they must be accompanied by economic reforms - whether privatization or banking reforms - that separate actors from the state and reinforce market-based incentives. The authors of this paper use two case studies - Hungarian bankruptcy law and Russian company law - to illustrate the interaction of these three elements in practice. These cases illustrate their general view that Central Europe is somewhat further along on all three dimensions than Russia. As for incentives, in both countries relevant actors exert weaker demand for proper implementation of thelaws on the books than one would expect in more mature market economies. The cases belie any simplistic notion that the rule of law can be mechanically dictated from above. Top-down reform of bankruptcy law in Hungary appears to have been at least marginally successful in changing expectations and behavior, partly because it stimulated the growth of new supporting institutions. Finally, top-down reform of company law in Russia has had little impact to date on either institutional development or firm behavior.Legal Institutions of the Market Economy,Legal Products,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Judicial System Reform,Legal Products,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,National Governance,Legal Institutions of the Market Economy

The Addition of Tiotropium in Uncontrolled Asthma

• Many patients with asthma have poorly controlled disease despite the use of both an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and a long acting beta agonist (LABA). • The review explored several studies that compared the addition of tiotropium to patients with uncontrolled asthma currently using both a ICA and a LABA to determine if further symptom reduction is obtained along with reduction of exacerbations • It was found that patients with poorly controlled asthma will benefit from the addition of tiotropium to the current medication regimen of an ICS and a LABA. Tiotropium offers providers an additional disease controlling option in cases where treatment is already limited.https://commons.und.edu/pas-grad-posters/1133/thumbnail.jp

ALKALINE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PRETREATMENT FOR ITS USE IN AN ON-FARM BIOPROCESSING FACILITY

Pretreatment is an essential step in biofuel production from lignocellulose. Disruption of the lignin structure gives enzymes and fermentation organisms access to long chains of cellulose and hemicellulose. For this project’s purposes, the pretreatment must work within the framework of an on-farm butanol bioprocessing facility. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) is a delignification method that potentially provides several advantages. At the alkaline pH, powerful hydroxyl radicals are formed; which attack lignin. The objectives of this study were to determine if AHP removes substantial lignin for the feedstocks, corn stover, wheat straw, switchgrass and miscanthus, and to determine if AHP acts as a biocide? Compositional analysis determined if lignin was removed and HPLC data were used to determine whether or not Clostridium thermocellum hydrolyzed the pretreated material. Sterility was determined by plating the AHP material. All materials showed approximately 10% lignin removal with AHP. AHP increased structural carbohydrate concentrations for wheat straw, switchgrass and miscanthus. Corn stover showed no benefit from adding peroxide to a traditional alkaline pretreatment. AHP appears to suppress visible microbial growth for the first 24 hours after pretreatment. If AHP does not provide the additional hygienic effects, AHP does not provide a significant advantage over sodium hydroxide pretreatment

Linguistic support for unit testing

technical reportExisting systems for writing unit tests exploit built-in language constructs, such as reflection, to simulate the addition of testing constructs. While these simulations provide the minimally necessary functionality, they fail to support testing properly in many instances. In response, we have designed, implemented, and evaluated extensions for Java that enable programmers to express test cases with language constructs. Not surprisingly, these true language extensions improve testing in many different ways, starting with basic statical checks but also allowing the collection of additional information about the unit tests

Faculty Artist Recital: Aris Chavez, Clarinet; Harold Gray, Piano; Kathryn Gray, Violin; March 21, 1974

Centennial East Recital HallThursday EveningMarch 21, 19748:15 p.m

Faculty Artist Recital: Philip Hillstrom, Horn; Kathryn Gray, Violin; Harold Gray, Piano; July 16, 1973

Centennial East Recital HallMonday EveningJuly 16, 19738:15 p.m

A serviceability study on kitchen towelings of various fiber contents

Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (page 20)