707 research outputs found
Anisotropic and strong negative magneto-resistance in the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3
We report on high-field angle-dependent magneto-transport measurements on
epitaxial thin films of Bi2Se3, a three-dimensional topological insulator. At
low temperature, we observe quantum oscillations that demonstrate the
simultaneous presence of bulk and surface carriers. The magneto- resistance of
Bi2Se3 is found to be highly anisotropic. In the presence of a parallel
electric and magnetic field, we observe a strong negative longitudinal
magneto-resistance that has been consid- ered as a smoking-gun for the presence
of chiral fermions in a certain class of semi-metals due to the so-called axial
anomaly. Its observation in a three-dimensional topological insulator implies
that the axial anomaly may be in fact a far more generic phenomenon than
originally thought.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Cardiovascular-renal axis disorders in the domestic dog and cat: a veterinary consensus statement
OBJECTIVES
There is a growing understanding of the complexity of interplay between renal and cardiovascular systems in both health and disease. The medical profession has adopted the term "cardiorenal syndrome" (CRS) to describe the pathophysiological relationship between the kidney and heart in disease. CRS has yet to be formally defined and described by the veterinary profession and its existence and importance in dogs and cats warrant investigation. The CRS Consensus Group, comprising nine veterinary cardiologists and seven nephrologists from Europe and North America, sought to achieve consensus around the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of dogs and cats with "cardiovascular-renal disorders" (CvRD). To this end, the Delphi formal methodology for defining/building consensus and defining guidelines was utilised.
METHODS
Following a literature review, 13 candidate statements regarding CvRD in dogs and cats were tested for consensus, using a modified Delphi method. As a new area of interest, well-designed studies, specific to CRS/CvRD, are lacking, particularly in dogs and cats. Hence, while scientific justification of all the recommendations was sought and used when available, recommendations were largely reliant on theory, expert opinion, small clinical studies and extrapolation from data derived from other species.
RESULTS
Of the 13 statements, 11 achieved consensus and 2 did not. The modified Delphi approach worked well to achieve consensus in an objective manner and to develop initial guidelines for CvRD.
DISCUSSION
The resultant manuscript describes consensus statements for the definition, classification, diagnosis and management strategies for veterinary patients with CvRD, with an emphasis on the pathological interplay between the two organ systems. By formulating consensus statements regarding CvRD in veterinary medicine, the authors hope to stimulate interest in and advancement of the understanding and management of CvRD in dogs and cats. The use of a formalised method for consensus and guideline development should be considered for other topics in veterinary medicine
First observation of spin-helical Dirac fermions and topological phases in undoped and doped Bi2Te3 demonstrated by spin-ARPES spectroscopy
Electron systems that possess light-like dispersion relations or the conical
Dirac spectrum, such as graphene and bismuth, have recently been shown to
harbor unusual collective states in high magnetic fields. Such states are
possible because their light-like electrons come in spin pairs that are
chiral,which means that their direction of propagation is tied to a quantity
called pseudospin that describes their location in the crystal lattice. An
emerging direction in quantum materials research is the manipulation of atomic
spin-orbit coupling to simulate the effect of a spin dependent magnetic
field,in attempt to realize novel spin phases of matter. This effect has been
proposed to realize systems consisting of unpaired Dirac cones that are
helical, meaning their direction of propagation is tied to the electron spin
itself, which are forbidden to exist in graphene or bismuth. The experimental
existence of topological order can not be determined without spin-resolved
measurements. Here we report a spin-and angle-resolved photoemission study of
the hexagonal surface of the Bi2Te3 and Bi{2-x}MnxTe3 series, which is found to
exhibit a single helical Dirac cone that is fully spin-polarized. Our
observations of a gap in the bulk spin-degenerate band and a spin-resolved
surface Dirac node close to the chemical potential show that the low energy
dynamics of Bi2Te3 is dominated by the unpaired spin-helical Dirac modes. Our
spin-texture measurements prove the existence of a rare topological phase in
this materials class for the first time, and suggest its suitability for novel
2D Dirac spin device applications beyond the chiral variety or traditional
graphene.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Kinks in the Presence of Rapidly Varying Perturbations
Dynamics of sine-Gordon kinks in the presence of rapidly varying periodic
perturbations of different physical origins is described analytically and
numerically. The analytical approach is based on asymptotic expansions, and it
allows to derive, in a rigorous way, an effective nonlinear equation for the
slowly varying field component in any order of the asymptotic procedure as
expansions in the small parameter , being the frequency
of the rapidly varying ac driving force. Three physically important examples of
such a dynamics, {\em i.e.}, kinks driven by a direct or parametric ac force,
and kinks on rotating and oscillating background, are analysed in detail. It is
shown that in the main order of the asymptotic procedure the effective equation
for the slowly varying field component is {\em a renormalized sine-Gordon
equation} in the case of the direct driving force or rotating (but phase-locked
to an external ac force) background, and it is {\em the double sine-Gordon
equation} for the parametric driving force. The properties of the kinks
described by the renormalized nonlinear equations are analysed, and it is
demonstrated analytically and numerically which kinds of physical phenomena may
be expected in dealing with the renormalized, rather than the unrenormalized,
nonlinear dynamics. In particular, we predict several qualitatively new effects
which include, {\em e.g.}, the perturbation-inducedComment: New copy of the paper of the above title to replace the previous one,
lost in the midst of the bulletin board. RevTeX 3.
Statistical anisotropy of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Direct numerical simulations of decaying and forced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)
turbulence without and with mean magnetic field are analyzed by higher-order
two-point statistics. The turbulence exhibits statistical anisotropy with
respect to the direction of the local magnetic field even in the case of global
isotropy. A mean magnetic field reduces the parallel-field dynamics while in
the perpendicular direction a gradual transition towards two-dimensional MHD
turbulence is observed with inertial-range scaling of the
perpendicular energy spectrum. An intermittency model based on the Log-Poisson
approach, , is able to describe the observed
structure function scalings.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Phys.Rev.
An analysis of ultraviolet spectra of Extreme Helium Stars and new clues to their origins
Abundances of about 18 elements including the heavy elements Y and Zr are
determined from Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph
ultraviolet spectra of seven extreme helium stars (EHes): LSE 78, BD+10 2179,
V1920 Cyg, HD 124448, PV Tel, LS IV -1 2, and FQ Aqr. New optical spectra of
the three stars -- BD+10 2179, V1920 Cyg, and HD 124448 were analysed. The
abundance analyses is done using LTE line formation and LTE model atmospheres
especially constructed for these EHe stars. The stellar parameters derived from
an EHe's UV spectrum are in satisfactory agreement with those derived from its
optical spectrum. Adopted abundances for the seven EHes are from a combination
of the UV and optical analyses. Published results for an additional ten EHes
provide abundances obtained in a nearly uniform manner for a total of 17 EHes,
the largest sample on record. The initial metallicity of an EHe is indicated by
the abundance of elements from Al to Ni; Fe is adopted to be the representative
of initial metallicity. Iron abundances range from approximately solar to about
one-hundredth of solar. Clues to EHe evolution are contained within the H, He,
C, N, O, Y, and Zr abundances. Two novel results are (i) the O abundance for
some stars is close to the predicted initial abundance yet the N abundance
indicates almost complete conversion of initial C, N, and O to N by the
CNO-cycles; (ii) three of the seven stars with UV spectra show a strong
enhancement of Y and Zr attributable to an s-process. The observed compositions
are discussed in light of expectations from accretion of a He white dwarf by a
CO white dwarf.Comment: 126 pages, 15 figures, 20 Tables, accepted for publication in the Ap
- …