Determination of radiation interchange factors

Method utilizes an analytical model, a method of solution which is compatible with digital computer analysis, and a generalized computer program to carry out the computations

Aerospace systems pyrotechnic shock data /ground test and flight/. Volume 6 - Pyrotechnic shock design guidelines manual, revision A Final report, Jun. 1968 - Mar. 1970

Design of structures and equipment to reduce shock loads induced by pyrotechnics and explosive devices - Vol.

Aerospace systems pyrotechnic shock data /ground test and flight/. Volume 4 - Lockheed data and analyses Final report, Jun. 1968 - Mar. 1970

Compilation of shock loads on spacecraft structures produced by actuation of pyrotechnics and explosive devices - Vol.

Aerospace systems pyrotechnic shock data /ground test and flight/. Volume 3 - Data Final report, Jun. 1968 - Mar. 1970

Determination of shock loads on spacecraft structures created by explosive separation of components - Vol.

Aerospace systems pyrotechnic shock data - Ground test and flight. Volume 2 - Data Final report, Jun. 1968 - Mar. 1970

Pyrotechnic shock data associated with structure cutting charges consisting of mild detonating fuse and flexible linear shaped charge - Vol.

Explaining local variation in referrals from health services to children's social care in England 2013-16: a study using 'children in need' administrative data

BACKGROUND: Referral rates from Health service to Children's Social Care (CSC) services vary across England. In 2019, the National Audit Office (re)iterated the urgent need to understand the drivers of such variation. METHODS: Using administrative data (Children in Need Census, 2013-16), we calculated annual referral rates from Health to CSC services (Health referral rate) by Local Authority (LA) areas. We used multilevel linear regression to investigate the relationship between age-adjusted Health referral rates and local need (demand factors) and local practice/systems (supply factors). We present a tool to compare unadjusted and adjusted LA rates. RESULTS: There was high LA variation in Health referral rates, particularly for infants (mean = 29.0/1000 children < 1 y; range = 6.5-101.8; sd = 12.4). LA variation persisted after age-adjustment. Child poverty (local need) and overall referral rate (local practice/systems) explained 60% of variation in age-adjusted Health referral rates. Overall referral rate was the strongest predictor. Adjusted referral rates were substantially different from unadjusted rates. After adjustment, 57.7% of LAs had higher/lower Health referral rates than expected. CONCLUSIONS: While higher levels of local need are associated with higher Health referrals, some areas have high Health referrals irrespective of local need. Our tool demonstrates the benefits of using adjusted rates to compare LAs

Number and timing of primary cleft lip and palate repair surgeries in England: whole nation study of electronic health records before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To quantify differences in number and timing of first primary cleft lip and palate (CLP) repair procedures during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021; 2020/2021) compared with the preceding year (1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020; 2019/2021)./ Design: National observational study of administrative hospital data./ Setting: National Health Service hospitals in England./ Study population: Children <5 years undergoing primary repair for an orofacial cleft Population Consensus and Surveys Classification of Interventions and Procedures-fourth revisions (OPCS-4) codes F031, F291)./ Main exposure: Procedure date (2020/2021 vs 2019/2020)./ Main outcomes: Numbers and timing (age in months) of first primary CLP procedures./ Results: 1716 CLP primary repair procedures were included in the analysis. In 2020/2021, 774 CLP procedures were carried out compared with 942 in 2019/2020, a reduction of 17.8% (95% CI 9.5% to 25.4%). The reduction varied over time in 2020/2021, with no surgeries at all during the first 2 months (April and May 2020). Compared with 2019/2020, first primary lip repair procedures performed in 2020/2021 were delayed by 1.6 months on average (95% CI 0.9 to 2.2 months). Delays in primary palate repairs were smaller on average but varied across the nine geographical regions./ Conclusion: There were significant reductions in the number and delays in timing of first primary CLP repair procedures in England during the first year of the pandemic, which may affect long-term outcomes

Alloreactivity: the Janus-face of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Differences in major and minor histocompatibility antigens between donor and recipient trigger powerful graft-versus-host reactions after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The clinical effects of alloreactivity present a Janus-face: detrimental graft-versus-host disease increases non-relapse mortality, beneficial graft-versus-malignancy may cure the recipient. The ultimate consequences on long-term outcome remain a matter of debate. We hypothesized that increasing donor-recipient antigen matching would decrease the negative effects, while preserving antitumor alloreactivity. We analyzed retrospectively a predefined cohort of 32 838 such patients and compared it to 59 692 patients with autologous HSCT as reference group. We found a significant and systematic decrease in non-relapse mortality with decreasing phenotypic and genotypic antigen disparity, paralleled by a stepwise increase in overall and relapse-free survival (Spearman correlation coefficients of cumulative excess event rates at 5 years 0.964; P<0.00; respectively 0.976; P<0.00). We observed this systematic stepwise effect in all main disease and disease-stage categories. The results suggest that detrimental effects of alloreactivity are additive with each step of mismatching; the beneficial effects remain preserved. Hence, if there is a choice, the best match should be donor of choice. The data support an intensified search for predictive genomic and environmental factors of ‘no-graft-versus-host disease’.Leukemia advance online publication, 7 April 2017; doi:10.1038/leu.2017.79

Mixed method evaluation of the CEBHA+ integrated knowledge translation approach : a protocol

CITATION: Pfadenhauer, L. M., et al. 2021. Mixed method evaluation of the CEBHA+ integrated knowledge translation approach : a protocol. Health Research Policy and Systems, 19:7, doi:10.1186/s12961-020-00675-w.The original publication is available at https://health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.comBackground: The Collaboration for Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health in Africa (CEBHA+) is a research consortium concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of non-communicable diseases. CEBHA+ seeks to engage policymakers and practitioners throughout the research process in order to build lasting relationships, enhance evidence uptake, and create long-term capacity among partner institutions in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa and Uganda in collaboration with two German universities. This integrated knowledge translation (IKT) approach includes the formal development, implementation and evaluation of country specific IKT strategies. Methods: We have conceptualised the CEBHA+ IKT approach as a complex intervention in a complex system. We will employ a comparative case study (CCS) design and mixed methods to facilitate an in-depth evaluation. We will use quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews, quarterly updates, and a policy document analysis to capture the process and outcomes of IKT across the African CEBHA+ partner sites. We will conduct an early stage (early 2020) and a late-stage evaluation (early 2022), triangulate the data collected with various methods at each site and subsequently compare our findings across the five sites. Discussion: Evaluating a complex intervention such as the CEBHA+ IKT approach is complicated, even more so when undertaken across five diverse countries. Despite conceptual, methodological and practical challenges, our comparative case study addresses important evidence gaps: While involving decision-makers in the research process is gaining traction worldwide, we still know very little regarding (i) whether this approach really makes a difference to evidence uptake, (ii) the mechanisms that make IKT successful, and (iii) relevant differences across socio-cultural contexts. The evaluation described here is intended to provide relevant insights on all of these aspects, notably in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, and is expected to contribute to the science of IKT overall.https://health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12961-020-00675-wPublisher's versio

From whole bodies to single cells : a guide to transcriptomic approaches for ecology and evolutionary biology

Funding: The authors were assisted by a Special Topics Network (STN) grant from the European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB) to facilitate networking of the European Drosophila Population Genomics consortium (DrosEU; https://droseu.net/). SG and NP are supported by a Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant (GR 4495/4-1, PO 1648/7-1, PO 1648/4-1). MGR is supported by Natural Environment Research Council, UK (NE/V001566/1). CS is supported by the Austrian Science Funds (P32935, P33734, W1225). TF is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (310030_219283, FZEB-0-214654, 31003A-182262). JG is supported by grant PID2020-115874GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and from grant 2021 SGR 00417 funded by Departament de Recerca i Universitats, Generalitat de Catalunya. MK was supported by the grant 322980 from The Research Council of Finland.RNA sequencing (RNAseq) methodology has experienced a burst of technological developments in the last decade, which has opened up opportunities for studying the mechanisms of adaptation to environmental factors at both the organismal and cellular level. Selecting the most suitable experimental approach for specific research questions and model systems can, however, be a challenge and researchers in ecology and evolution are commonly faced with the choice of whether to study gene expression variation in whole bodies, specific tissues, and/or single cells. A wide range of sometimes polarised opinions exists over which approach is best. Here, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each of these approaches to provide a guide to help researchers make informed decisions and maximise the power of their study. Using illustrative examples of various ecological and evolutionary research questions, we guide the readers through the different RNAseq approaches and help them identify the most suitable design for their own projects.Peer reviewe