94 research outputs found

    Tranexamic acid quantification in human whole blood using liquid samples or volumetric absorptive microsampling devices.

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    Background: Recent clinical trials demonstrate the benefits of the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid but its pharmacokinetics remain to be investigated more in depth. Although pharmacokinetics studies are usually performed with plasma, volumetric absorptive microsampling devices allow us to analyze dried whole blood samples with several advantages. Materials & methods: High-sensitivity LC-MS/MS methods for the quantification of tranexamic acid in human whole blood using liquid samples or dry samples on volumetric absorptive microsampling devices were developed and validated based on International Association from Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology, European Medicines Agency and US FDA guidance. Conclusion: The method performances were excellent across the range of clinically relevant concentrations. The stability of tranexamic acid in blood samples stored up to 1 month at +50°C was demonstrated. The methods' suitability was confirmed with clinical samples

    WOMAN-PharmacoTXA trial: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intramuscular, intravenous and oral administration of tranexamic acid in women giving birth by caesarean section.

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    Background: Intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) within 3 hours of birth significantly reduces death due to bleeding in women with postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Most PPH deaths occur in the first hours after giving birth and treatment delay decreases survival.  One barrier to rapid TXA treatment is the need for intravenous injection. Intramuscular injection and oral solution of TXA would be easier and faster to administer and would require less training. However, the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics and safety of TXA administered by different routes in pregnant women have not been established. The main aim of this study is to ascertain whether IM and oral solution of TXA will be absorbed at levels sufficient to inhibit fibrinolysis in pregnant women. Methods: WOMAN-PharmacoTXA is a prospective, randomised, open label trial to be conducted in Zambia and Pakistan.  Adult women undergoing caesarean section with at least one risk factor for PPH will be included.  Women will be randomised to receive one of the following about 1 hour prior to caesarean section: 1-gram TXA IV, 1-gram TXA IM, 4-grams TXA oral solution or no TXA. Randomisation will continue until 120 participants with at least six post randomisation PK samples are included. TXA concentration in maternal blood samples will be measured at baseline and at different time points during 24 hours after receipt of intervention. Blood TXA concentration will be measured from the umbilical cord and neonate. The primary endpoint is maternal blood TXA concentrations over time. Secondary outcomes include umbilical cord and neonate TXA concentration D-dimer concentration, blood loss and clinical diagnosis of PPH, injection site reactions and maternal and neonate adverse events. Discussion: The WOMAN-PharmacoTXA trial will provide important data on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of TXA after IV, intramuscular and oral administration in women giving birth by caesarean section. Trial registration: ClincalTrials.gov, NCT04274335 (18/02/2020)

    Alternative routes for tranexamic acid treatment in obstetric bleeding (WOMAN-PharmacoTXA trial): a randomised trial and pharmacological study in caesarean section births.

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    OBJECTIVE: To examine the safety, efficacy and pharmacology of intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral tranexamic acid (TXA) use in pregnant women. DESIGN: Randomised, open-label trial. SETTING: Hospitals in Pakistan and Zambia. POPULATION: Women giving birth by caesarean section. METHODS: Women were randomised to receive 1 g IV, 1 g IM, 4 g oral TXA or no TXA. Adverse events in women and neonates were recorded. TXA concentration in whole blood was measured and the concentrations over time were examined with population pharmacokinetics. The relationship between drug exposure and D-dimer was explored. The trial registration is NCT04274335. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentration of TXA in maternal blood. RESULTS: Of the 120 women included in the randomised safety study, there were no serious maternal or neonatal adverse events. TXA concentrations in 755 maternal blood and 87 cord blood samples were described by a two-compartment model with one effect compartment linked by rate transfer constants. Maximum maternal concentrations were 46.9, 21.6 and 18.1 mg/L for IV, IM and oral administration, respectively, and 9.5, 7.9 and 9.1 mg/L in the neonates. The TXA response was modelled as an inhibitory effect on the D-dimer production rate. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) was 7.5 mg/L and was achieved after 2.6, 6.4 and 47 minutes with IV, IM and oral administration of TXA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both IM and oral TXA are well tolerated. Oral TXA took about 1 hour to reach minimum therapeutic concentrations and would not be suitable for emergency treatment. Intramuscular TXA inhibits fibrinolysis within 10 minutes and may be a suitable alternative to IV

    Rôle de l'hémokinine-1 et des récepteurs des tachykinines dans la contraction de préparations de muscles lisses bronchiques et vasculaires et dans la prolifération des cellules B

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    Suite à l identification de l hémokinine-1 (HK-1), quatrième peptide de la famille des tachykinines, les objectifs de notre travail ont été de caractériser son expression et sa fonction dans les cellules B et le tissu pulmonaire, ainsi que le rôle des tachykinines dans la contraction des veines saphènes. Nos résultats ont démontré que l HK-1 était exprimée dans les cellules B et facilitait leur prolifération par un mécanisme indépendant des récepteurs connus jusqu à présent. Nous avons ensuite décrit ses propriétés contractiles sur le muscle lisse bronchique, liées à l activation conjointe des récepteurs NK1 et NK2, tout en observant une désensibilisation fonctionnelle des récepteurs NK1. Enfin, nous avons montré que la neurokinine A pouvait contracter le muscle lisse vasculaire par l intermédiaire des récepteurs NK2, et que ces derniers étaient également sujets à désensibilisation. Nos travaux ont permis une meilleure connaissance de la physiopathologie du système des tachykinines.Hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is the last discovered peptide of the tachykinin family. Our work was aimed at characterizing its expression and function in B cells and lung tissue, as well as the role of tachykinins in the contraction of saphenous veins. Our results showed that HK-1 was expressed in B cells and facilitated their proliferation through a mechanism independent of the actually known receptors. We then described its contractile properties on bronchial smooth muscle, following a mixed activation of NK1 and NK2 receptors, and a desensitization of the NK1 receptors was observed. Last, we showed that neurokinin A was able to contract vascular smooth muscle through NK2 receptors, which were also subject to desensitization. Our work contributed to a better knowledge of the tachykinin-related physiopathology.VERSAILLES-BU Sciences et IUT (786462101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    ptairMS: real-time processing and analysis of PTR-TOF-MS data for biomarker discovery in exhaled breath

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    International audienceMotivation: Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) is of increasing interest for real-time, non-invasive diagnosis, phenotyping and therapeutic drug monitoring in the clinics. However, there is currently a lack of methods and software tools for the processing of PTR-TOF-MS data from cohorts and suited for biomarker discovery studies. Results: We developed a comprehensive suite of algorithms that process raw data from patient acquisitions and generate the table of feature intensities. Notably, we included an innovative two-dimensional peak deconvolution model based on penalized splines signal regression for accurate estimation of the temporal profile and feature quantification, as well as a method to specifically select the VOCs from exhaled breath. The workflow was implemented as the ptairMS software, which contains a graphical interface to facilitate cohort management and data analysis. The approach was validated on both simulated and experimental datasets, and we showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the VOC detection reached 99% and 98.4%, respectively, and that the error of quantification was below 8.1% for concentrations down to 19 ppb. Availability and implementation: The ptairMS software is publicly available as an R package on Bioconductor (doi: 10.18129/B9.bioc.ptairMS), as well as its companion experiment package ptairData (doi: 10.18129/B9.bioc.ptairData

    Recherche et dosage de quatre neuroleptiques et apparentés en LC-MS/MS dans les cheveux et les poils : à propos d’un cas pédiatrique

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    Un enfant de 6 ans est hospitalisé en réanimation pédiatrique en raison d’une encéphalite d’aggravation rapide l’ayant mené dans le coma, sans diagnostic précis. Le quatrième jour, une recherche sanguine de toxiques révèle la présence d’halopéridol et de rispéridone non prescrits a priori à l’enfant, à des concentrations thérapeutiques. Cinq mois plus tard, cet enfant est transféré pour rééducation à l’hôpital de Garches. Devant le contexte psychiatrique familial, les médecins évoquent la possibilité d’un syndrome de Münchausen par procuration. Une analyse de cheveux est demandée afin de confirmer l’éventuelle administration des deux neuroleptiques. Les cheveux étant relativement courts, un prélèvement de poils de jambe est également réalisé. L’halopéridol et la rispéridone n’ont pas été retrouvés en chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (CL-SM/SM) ni dans les cheveux ni dans les poils, ne permettant pas d’éclairer le diagnostic. En revanche, il a été retrouvé les molécules correspondant au traitement reçu durant l’hospitalisation. Ont ainsi été mis en évidence dans les deux segments de cheveux étudiés et les poils du métoclopramide (301 et 210 pg/mg dans les cheveux, 799 pg/mg dans les poils), de la dompéridone (respectivement 703 pg/mg, 1176 pg/mg et 108 pg/mg), et du diazépam ainsi que ses métabolites le nordiazepam et l’oxazepam dans les cheveux, (respectivement 373 et 391 pg/mg, 271 et 249 pg/mg, et 68 et 111 pg/mg). Il s’agit des premières concentrations en dompéridone et métoclopramide décrites dans les cheveux et les poils d’un enfant blond de type caucasien lors d’une utilisation thérapeutique chronique

    Évaluation du dépistage de quatre classes de stupéfiants et des benzodiazépines dans le sang total laqué par l'analyseur Evidence Investigator

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    Introduction : L'objectif de ce travail a été d'évaluer la détection semi-quantitative de 4 classes de stupéfiants (opiacés, cocaïne, cannabinoïdes et amphétamines) et des benzodiazépines dans du sang total laqué par l'analyseur Evidence Investigator®^{\text{\textregistered}}. 128 échantillons contenant au moins une molécule de ces familles, dosée par une technique de chromatographie couplée à la spectrométrie de masse, ont été analysés. Résultats et discussion : La spécificité de cette méthode a été de 79,0 % pour les amphétamines, 98,1 % pour les cannabinoïdes, et 100 % pour les opiacés, la cocaïne, et les benzodiazépines. La sensibilité a été de 33,3 % pour les amphétamines, 78,4 % pour les benzodiazépines, 93,2 % pour les cannabinoïdes, 93,5 % pour les opiacés et 95,2 % pour la cocaïne. 3,9 % de faux négatifs ont été relevés toutes classes confondues, dus notamment à des analytes présents en faible concentration ou mal reconnus par les anticorps. Les 4,0 % de faux positifs ont été majoritairement observés durant la détection des amphétamines, probablement en raison de la présence d'amines biogènes, comme cela a déjà été rapporté dans la littérature. Une amélioration a pu être apportée à cette technique, en ajoutant un lavage supplémentaire pendant la préparation des échantillons (meilleure qualité de l'image obtenue après lecture par la caméra). Une optimisation des valeurs des seuils de positivité est envisageable pour réduire la proportion de faux négatifs durant la détection des benzodiazépines et des cannabinoïdes. Conclusion : Cette méthode d'immunoanalyse permet une détection satisfaisante des opiacés, de la cocaïne, des cannabinoïdes et des benzodiazépines, l'identification formelle et la quantification devant cependant être effectuées par des techniques de référence (spectrométrie de masse), notamment en médico-légal

    High-sensitivity quantification of acetylcholine and choline in human cerebrospinal fluid with a validated LC-MS/MS method

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    International audienceAcetylcholine is the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, synthesized from choline and involved in several neurodegenerative diseases. Exploration of cholinergic neurotransmission in the human central nervous system is limited by the lack of a sensitive and specific method for the determination of acetylcholine and choline expression. We developed an hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry method for the quantification of both molecules in human cerebrospinal fluid samples. An extensive selectivity study towards endogenous interfering compounds, in particular γ-butyrobetain, was performed and the method was validated according to the European Medicine Agency and Food and Drug Administration guidelines for the validation of bioanalytical methods. The performance of the method was excellent with a lower limit of quantification at 5 ng/L (34.2 pmol/L) for acetylcholine and 5 μg/L for choline, a precision in the range 1.3–11.9% and an accuracy between 85.2 and 113.1%. This suitability of the method for the quantification of acetylcholine and choline in clinical samples was demonstrated with the analysis of patient cerebrospinal fluid samples. Altogether, this validated method allows the simultaneous quantitative analysis of acetylcholine and choline in human cerebrospinal fluid with high sensitivity and selectivity. It will allow to better characterize the cholinergic neurotransmission in human pathologies and to study the effects of drugs acting on this system
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