Relative oral bioavailability of microgranulated amoxicillin in pigs

A new microgranulated formulation of amoxicillin trihydrate for in-feed medication was developed using a lipogelled matrix. Its relative bioavailability was compared with powdered drug in pigs and an assessment was made to determine whether therapeutic concentrations were achieved. Microgranules containing 10% (MICR10) and 30% (MICR30) amoxicillin and free amoxicillin trihydrate powder (reference, AMX) were administered at dosages of 50 mg of amoxicillin/kg b.w. using a three-way-crossover design. Amoxicillin analysis in serum was performed by a sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorometric detection, using an extraction procedure already described for edible tissues of fish and adapted and validated for pig serum. The oral bioavailability of both microgranulated formulations was higher than that of the reference formulation [relative bioavailability (F): 153.9 ± 58.2% for MICR10; 126.2 ± 70.5% for MICR30] and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values of MICR10 and AMX formulations were significantly different (P < 0.05). Differences between the mean maximum concentration (Cmax), time of Cmax (tmax) and mean residence time (MRT) of the drug formulations were not significant. Microgranulated amoxicillin is suitable for in-feed administration to pigs and, because of its higher oral bioavailability compared with the powdered compound, it may be more effective for the treatment of susceptible infections

HPLC-DAD and LC-ESI-MS analysis of doxycycline and related impurities in doxipan mix, a medicated premix for incorporation in medicated feedstuff

none5noneJ. Fiori; G. Grassigli; P. Filippi; R. Gotti; V. CavriniJ. Fiori; G. Grassigli; P. Filippi; R. Gotti; V. Cavrin

L’eternità ritrovata. Iconografia e iconologia delle immagini dei mesi nei calendari figurati degli edifici di culto cristiani

The main feature of the Roman and Byzantine illustrated calendars, documented particularly in Italy, Greece, Africa Proconsularis and Middle East provinces from the Middle Roman Imperial Period to the Age of Justinian, is the representation of the months of the year. These images, especially of the rural type which allude to the Aeternitas (“Eternity”) and Felicitas Temporum (“Prosperity of the Times”), have been used by the members of the pagan aristocracy to adorn their houses as means of self-representation of their social and economic power. In a second stage, the high Christian clergy utilized the mosaics of months as floor decoration of churches in order to reflect the concepts of the cycle of time and the fecundity of nature created by God. The aim of this paper is to analyze the artistic and cultural continuity of the pagan iconography of illustrated calendars in Christian religious buildings