PROJECTED COSTS AND RETURNS - RICE, LOUISIANA, 1997; PROJECTED COSTS AND RETURNS - SOYBEANS, CORN, MILO, WHEAT, AND WHEAT-SOYBEAN DOUBLE CROP, SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA, 1997

Farmers are annually faced with critical management decisions that impact the employment of production inputs for various crop enterprises and the combination of crops that will be assembled into a cropping system. The need for reliable information is crucial if sound production decisions are t o be made. Planning information plays a pivotal role in the development of 1997 production plans by farmers and is important in supporting their efforts to secure the necessary resources to carry out their plans. In addition, information regarding production alternatives and costs and returns for major crop enterprises is needed by extension personnel, researchers, lending institutions, and others involved in agriculture or agribusiness. This information has become all the more critical with the enactment of Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act in 1996. The purpose of this report is to provide for tenant and owner operator situations the 1997 projected cost and return estimates for the following enterprises: rice in Southwest, Central, and Northeast Louisiana and soybean, corn, milo, wheat, and wheat-soybean double crop in Southwest Louisiana.Farm Management,

Applications of the International Space Station Probabilistic Risk Assessment Model

Recently the International Space Station (ISS) has incorporated more Probabilistic Risk Assessments (PRAs) in the decision making process for significant issues. Future PRAs will have major impact to ISS and future spacecraft development and operations. These PRAs will have their foundation in the current complete ISS PRA model and the current PRA trade studies that are being analyzed as requested by ISS Program stakeholders. ISS PRAs have recently helped in the decision making process for determining reliability requirements for future NASA spacecraft and commercial spacecraft, making crew rescue decisions, as well as making operational requirements for ISS orbital orientation, planning Extravehicular activities (EVAs) and robotic operations. This paper will describe some applications of the ISS PRA model and how they impacted the final decision. This paper will discuss future analysis topics such as life extension, requirements of new commercial vehicles visiting ISS

Effects of Soil Rehydration on the Virulence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes

The work presented examines the effects of soil moisture on the virulence of selected entomopathogenic nematode isolates in the laboratory and has broad implications for managing soil-dwelling insects in all production systems. Two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Oswego and Tuscarora strains) and Steinernema glaseri (NC1 strain), were applied to sandy loam soils ranging from below the permanent wilting point of plants to near saturation. Fluctuations in soil moisture were created by simulating a rainfall or irrigation event (i.e., rehydration), or by allowing soil to dry. Nematode virulence was evaluated by measuring insect mortality in Galleria mellonella larvae bioassays. Soils prepared at four moisture contents were inoculated with nematodes and subsequently bioassayed at their original moisture contents and after rehydration, over an 18-mo period. Insect mortality increased with soil moisture content for both H. bacteriophora isolates but was highest in relatively low moisture soils (≈−15 bar) for S. glaseri. Insect mortality was generally low in low-moisture soils before rehydration but rebounded to high levels posthydration. Both isolates of H. bacteriophora nematodes were reactivated to cause high insect mortality (≥ 98%) as long as 18 mo after infective juveniles were inoculated into very low moisture soils (≈−30 bar). The posthydration insect mortality levels in the S. glaseri treatments were significantly lower than in the H. bacteriophora treatments. For all nematode treatments, the cumulative insect mortality of prehydration and posthydration bioassays was higher in lower moisture soils compared with higher moisture soils. In an additional experiment, moisture thresholds for activation of nematodes in dry soil were determine

Soil Moisture Effects on Entomopathogenic Nematodes

The effect of soil moisture on entomopathogenic nematode virulence was examined in the laboratory. Objectives were to determine the virulence of several species and isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes at various soil moisture contents and temperatures, and after fluctuations in soil moisture. Studies included up to five isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Oswego and Tuscarora strains), Steinernema glaseri (Steiner) (NC1 strain), S. feltiae (Filipjev) (Biosys 369 strain), and S. carpocapsae (Weiser) (NY001 strain). Nematodes were applied to sandy loam soils ranging in soil moisture content from below the permanent wilting point of plants to near saturation. In all experiments, a rainfall or irrigation event was simulated by adding water to rehydrate soils to high moisture levels (near saturation). Nematode virulence was evaluated periodically by measuring insect mortality in Galleria mellonella (L.) larval bioassays, before and after rehydration. Nematode virulence increased with soil moisture content for all species and isolates tested. Our studies demonstrated that the virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes in low moisture conditions could be restored by rehydrating the soil. Insect mortality was generally low in low-moisture, nematode-infested soils before rehydration, but increased to high levels posthydration. Moisture effects were evident from the onset of each experiment, whereas the effect of soil temperature on nematode-induced insect mortality was delayed and nonsignificant until 14 wk after the initiation of the third experimen

All That is Gold Does Not Glitter in Human Clinical Research: A Law-Policy Proposal to Brighten the Global Gold Standard for Drug Research and Development

This Article challenges the global science standard for putting new drugs on pharmacy shelves. The primary premise is that the gold standard of group experimental design is an antiquated extension of drug development\u27s crude-science past, and is inconsistent with the precision of contemporary genetics-the science that increasingly dominates the drug development pipeline. The Article identifies law-policy options that would raise the standard for human clinical research under the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use

All that is Gold Does Not Glitter in Human Clinical Research: A Law– Policy Proposal to Brighten the Global “Gold Standard” for Drug Research and Development

This Article challenges the global science standard for putting new drugs on pharmacy shelves. The primary premise is that the “gold standard” of group experimental design is an antiquated extension of drug development’s crude-science past, and is inconsistent with the precision of contemporary genetics— the science that increasingly dominates the drug development pipeline. The Article identifies law– policy options that would raise the standard for human clinical research under the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use

Periodic control and the optimality of aircraft cruise

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76156/1/AIAA-44557-889.pd

All That is Gold Does Not Glitter in Human Clinical Research: A Law-Policy Proposal to Brighten the Global Gold Standard for Drug Research and Development

This Article challenges the global science standard for putting new drugs on pharmacy shelves. The primary premise is that the gold standard of group experimental design is an antiquated extension of drug development\u27s crude-science past, and is inconsistent with the precision of contemporary genetics-the science that increasingly dominates the drug development pipeline. The Article identifies law-policy options that would raise the standard for human clinical research under the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use