A New Approach to Radiation Tolerance for High-Orbit and Interplanetary SmallSat Missions

This paper describes a new approach to analyzing and achieving high radiation tolerance using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) piece-parts in higher radiation operating environments. The approach herein combines empirical single event effects testing (SEE) using, high-energy monoenergetic protons, with an analysis of the expected integral fluence and flux at higher particle energies not typically covered by proton testing. The empirical proton testing and analysis of the operating environment are then combined to estimate an overall likelihood of SEE in a given deep space mission. The concept of “limiting cross-section” is introduced, which places an upper bound on the worst-case susceptibility of any particular COTS device not covered by proton testing. This simple but powerful approach lets designers quickly evaluate the risk to hardware and missions not covered with testing. Lastly, it is observed that for many high-gate-count piece-parts with high-Z materials, which produce high-energy nuclear scattering, the use of proton screening for SEE may be almost entirely sufficient for select deep space environments

The introduction of new interventional procedures in the British National Health Service : A qualitative study

Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewedPostprin

Application of Problem Based Learning and Mastery Learning to Multimedia Education

The current state of education and the workforce demands a special kind of learner capable of creativity, communicating effectively, analytical skill application, critical thinking, and problem solving. Whereas these skills are important, it is also a necessity for learners to be masters of the knowledge and skills that they have acquired. Traditional educational methods have proven to be somewhat ineffective in producing these results. Problem based learning has proven worthy in handling some of the load, however, mastery learning has been abandoned long ago for reasons in spite of its effectiveness. Through given examples and careful design, the educator will witness practical application of these models in tandem to create efficient, effective, and appealing instruction that suits the needs of education and the modern workforce

Empirical Study of Ground Proximity Effects for Small-scale Electroaerodynamic Thrusters

Electroaerodynamic (EAD) propulsion, where thrust is produced by collisions between electrostatically-accelerated ions and neutral air, is a potentially transformative method for indoor flight owing to its silent and solid-state nature. Like rotors, EAD thrusters exhibit changes in performance based on proximity to surfaces. Unlike rotors, they have no fragile and quickly spinning parts that have to avoid those surfaces; taking advantage of the efficiency benefits from proximity effects may be a route towards longer-duration indoor operation of ion-propelled fliers. This work presents the first empirical study of ground proximity effects for EAD propulsors, both individually and as quad-thruster arrays. It focuses on multi-stage ducted centimeter-scale actuators suitable for use on small robots envisioned for deployment in human-proximal and indoor environments. Three specific effects (ground, suckdown, and fountain lift), each occurring with a different magnitude at a different spacing from the ground plane, are investigated and shown to have strong dependencies on geometric parameters including thruster-to-thruster spacing, thruster protrusion from the fuselage, and inclusion of flanges or strakes. Peak thrust enhancement ranging from 300 to 600% is found for certain configurations operated in close proximity (0.2 mm) to the ground plane and as much as a 20% increase is measured even when operated centimeters away

Structural steel columns subjected to localised fires

In large open spaces within modern buildings, the application of standard compartment fire curves based on small compartments may be inappropriate for assessing the potential thermal actions imposed on structural members in fires. Instead, a localised fire approach should be considered for determining the fire protection requirements for steel structural elements in these situations. A series of experiments using real waste bin fires or controlled gas burners placed next to I-section steel columns is described. The goal of the research was to test the validity of the widely applied lumped thermal mass assumption, and potentially to propose alternative approaches. The experimental results show that steep temperature gradients developed both along the column length and over its crosssection, confirming that conventional thermal and mechanical analysis may be inappropriate for design. For the waste bin fires the maximum steel temperatures were controlled primarily by the burning duration

Position Profiles Based on GPS Metrics: A NCAA Division III Men\u27s Soccer Case Study

According to the ACSM, wearable technology is the number one fitness trend for 2022. Division III schools are the biggest participant in the NCAA. In terms of the number of student-athletes, soccer is the second most popular sport in the NCAA. This is a continuation of research whose initial findings were presented by Lecher et al. (2022) in the 2022 Annual TACSM Annual Meeting and published by the International Journal of Exercise Science. PURPOSE: To analyze and interpret the game data from 2020-21 season to answer the head coach’s additional questions of a) What is the profile per position (Center Back, Full Back, Deep Midfielder, Winger, Attacking Midfielder, and Striker) based on six specific key performance indicators (KPIs; Distance, Active Time, GPS Load per minute, Sprint Count, Sprint Mean Duration, and Sprint Mean Distance)? b) Are there significant differences in those profiles between halves (all games)? and c) Are the position differences per half significant between wins and losses? METHODS: All 29 players participated. Data were collected using the Titan 1+ GPS sensor. Game data were analyzed descriptively to examine KPI centroids by game outcome (win v. loss), period within game (first half v. second half), and position. Each KPI was examined using factorial analysis of variance with three factors identified above as explanatory variables. Descriptive statistics, inferential results, and effect sizes were produced and interpreted. RESULTS: Due to space limitations, we are presenting the profile of the Attacking Midfielder only: Distance=1.88mi, Active Time=19.40min, GPS Load= 1.88load/min, Sprint Mean Duration=4.87s, Sprint Mean Distance=23.80m, and Sprint Count=18.05. The differences in all the KPIs between halves in all positions and the differences per half between wins and losses by position were trivial and not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The coaching staff will use the profiles to adjust practices per position for the 2022-23 season. In terms of the KPIs examined, the team performed similarly in both halves, while their differences per half per position cannot be associated with the game result. As with Lecher and colleagues, this case study could also have numerous practical implications as it demonstrates again how sports data analysts and sports practitioners can collaborate

Integrating military unmanned aircraft into the national airspace system : an application of value-focused thinking and enterprise architecting

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 309-318).The research presented in this thesis presents a methodology compatible with the Department of Defense (DoD) Capability-Based Assessment (CBA) process for analyzing and recommending appropriate enterprise architectures for the challenge of integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the national airspace system (NAS). Thesis organization is sub-divided into four sections. Section I provides the introduction, context, and recent efforts of the UAS airspace integration challenge and the underlying motivations driving the increased desire to see UAS better integrated into the NAS. Section II details the methodology used in the analysis by extending various value-focused, lean enterprise constructs using rigorous object process methodology (OPM) to describe and build alternative enterprise architectures. Section III applies the methodology to the UAS airspace integration problem specifically with the development and selection of a preferred enterprise architecture and a recommended transformation plan. Section IV concludes with a discussion on extending the methodology for specific application back into the CBA process, the issues involved in creating an executable model for enterprise architecting, and final thoughts on the iterative nature of the methodology and the need to further refine the initial results with the UAS airspace integration enterprise decision makers.by Luke C. G. Cropsey.S.M