Memory Effect, Rejuvenation and Chaos Effect in the Multi-layer Random Energy Model

We introduce magnetization to the Multi-layer Random Energy Model which has a hierarchical structure, and perform Monte Carlo simulation to observe the behavior of ac-susceptibility. We find that this model is able to reproduce three prominent features of spin glasses, i.e., memory effect, rejuvenation and chaos effect, which were found recently by various experiments on aging phenomena with temperature variations.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, to be submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Expanding the etiologic spectrum of spastic ataxia syndrome: chronic infection with human T lymphotropic virus type 1

Infection with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is in most cases indolent; however, some patients develop adult T cell leukemia, associated with poor prognosis, or the highly disabling and incurable HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) (Verdonck et al. 2007; Cooper et al. 2009). HTLV-1 is an endemic infection in Southern Japan, Iran, South America, the Caribbean basin, West Africa, and among aborigines in Australia (Verdonck et al. 2007). There are no established biomarkers to predict complications in HTLV-1; however, the percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) harboring the provirus, called proviral load (PVL), and beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) in serum are surrogate biomarkers. Associations with neurological syndromes other than HAM/TSP have been claimed, including neuropathy, motor neuron disease (Araujo et al. 2019), as well as cerebellar ataxia (Iwasaki 4,5,6,; Kira et al. 1993; Gracia et al. 1995; e-1 to e-6). In the majority of reported cases, ataxia occurred in Japanese patients with HAM/TSP (Iwasaki 1990; Iwanaga 1993; Kira et al. 1993; e1, e-2, e-4, e-6). Here, we present an Iranian HTLV-1 positive patient with a cerebellar syndrome, elevated β2M in serum, and elevated neopterin and CXCL10 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Numerical Study of Aging in the Generalized Random Energy Model

Magnetizations are introduced to the Generalized Random Energy Model (GREM) and numerical simulations on ac susceptibility is made for direct comparison with experiments in glassy materials. Prominent dynamical natures of spin glasses, {\it i.e.}, {\em memory} effect and {\em reinitialization}, are reproduced well in the GREM. The existence of many layers causing continuous transitions is very important for the two natures. Results of experiments in other glassy materials such as polymers, supercooled glycerol and orientational glasses, which are contrast to those in spin glasses, are interpreted well by the Single-layer Random Energy Model.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, to be submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Gender, Sexual Orientation, Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Factors Influence How Wildland Firefighters Communicate their Work Experiences

As Climates Change, Natural Resource Professionals Are Often Working on the Frontlines of Intensifying Environmental Disasters, Acting in Both Scientific and Emergency Response Roles. One Subset of This Group, Wildland Firefighters Often Engage in Multifaceted Careers that Incorporate Elements of Resource Planning, Conservation Management, Community Disaster Relief, and Operational Management. Despite These STEM Roles and Nearly Half (48%) of Them Having Earned at Least a bachelor\u27s degree, usually in a STEM Field, Wildland Firefighters Are Almost Exclusively Lumped with Emergency Responders in the Scientific Literature. We Surveyed 708 Wildland Firefighters with 9 Open Response Questions as Part of a Larger Survey Asking About Experiences and Attitudes in the United States Federal Workplace. from their Responses and Voluntarily Provided Demographic Data, We Extracted Information About Response Length, Use of Hedges, Tag Questions and Imperatives, Use of Personal Language, Use of Expletives and Derogatory Language, Use of Apologetic Language, and the Types of Responses Provided. We Then Analyzed Whether Certain Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Were Statistical Predictors of Language Use in Wildland Firefighter Survey Responses with the Goal of Ultimately Providing a Framework for Differentiating and Identifying Factors that May Influence Employee Retention, Attitudes, Morale, and Experiences among Wildland Firefighter Sub-Demographics. We Found that Different Demographic Groups Varied in their Responses to Questions: Minority Groups Used Fewer Words and Were More Likely to Relate Personal Experiences Than Majority Groups

Problems and life effects experienced by tinnitus research study volunteers: an exploratory study using the ICF classification

Background: Tinnitus is one of the most distressing hearing-related symptoms. It is often associated with a range of physiological and psychological complications such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Hence, approaching tinnitus from a biopsychological perspective may be more appropriate than from purely a biomedical model. Objective: The current study was aimed at determining the relationship between tinnitus and the problems and life effects experienced by UK based tinnitus research study volunteers. Open ended questions were used. Responses were classified using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework in order to understand the impact of tinnitus in a multidimensional manner using a bio-psychosocial perspective. Method: A cross-sectional survey design was used in a sample of 240 adults with tinnitus who were interested in undertaking an Internet-based intervention for tinnitus. The data were collated using two open-ended questions. The first focused on problems related to having tinnitus, and the second to life effects as a result of tinnitus. Responses were analysed using a simplified content analysis approach to link concepts to ICF categories according to established linking rules. A Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was performed to compare the number of responses between the two questions. Results: There were 764 responses related to problems identified, 797 responses associated with life effects due to tinnitus, and 37 responses that did not fit into any ICF category. No significant differences were observed in the number of responses between the two questions. Also, no significant association between the number of responses reported and demographic variables were found. Most of the problems and life effects experienced by tinnitus sufferers were related to body function, followed by activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Only a few responses were related to environmental and personal factors. The most frequent responses related to body function involved: emotional functions (b152), sleep functions (b134), hearing functions (b230), sustaining attention (b1400), and energy level (b1300). For activity limitations and participation restrictions they were: communicating with receiving spoken messages (d310), socialization (d9205), handling stress and other psychological demands (d240), and recreation and leisure (d920). The most frequently occurring responses related to environmental factors were: sound intensity (e2500), sound quality (e2501), and general products and technology for communication (e1250). Coping style was the most frequently occurring personal factor. Conclusions: The study highlights the use of open-ended questions in gathering useful information about the impact of tinnitus. The responses coded to ICF show that tinnitus impacts many domains, particularly body function, but also activity limitations and participation restrictions. The results demonstrate the heterogeneous nature of the impact of tinnitus on people affected

Extraction of the Spin Glass Correlation Length

The peak of the spin glass relaxation rate, S(t)=d{-M_{TRM}(t,t_w)}/H/{d ln t}, is directly related to the typical value of the free energy barrier which can be explored over experimental time scales. A change in magnetic field H generates an energy E_z={N_s}{X_fc}{H^2} by which the barrier heights are reduced, where X_{fc} is the field cooled susceptibility per spin, and N_s is the number of correlated spins. The shift of the peak of S(t) gives E_z, generating the correlation length, Ksi(t,T), for Cu:Mn 6at.% and CdCr_{1.7}In_{0.3}S_4. Fits to power law dynamics, Ksi(t,T)\propto {t}^{\alpha(T)} and activated dynamics Ksi(t,T) \propto {ln t}^{1/psi} compare well with simulation fits, but possess too small a prefactor for activated dynamics.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Department of Physics, University of California, Riverside, California, and Service de Physique de l'Etat Condense, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France. To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. January 4, 199

Problems and life effects experienced by tinnitus research study volunteers: an exploratory study using the ICF classification

Background: Tinnitus is one of the most distressing hearing-related symptoms. It is often associated with a range of physiological and psychological complications such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Hence, approaching tinnitus from a biopsychological perspective may be more appropriate than from purely a biomedical model. Objective: The current study was aimed at determining the relationship between tinnitus and the problems and life effects experienced by UK based tinnitus research study volunteers. Open ended questions were used. Responses were classified using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework in order to understand the impact of tinnitus in a multidimensional manner using a bio-psychosocial perspective. Method: A cross-sectional survey design was used in a sample of 240 adults with tinnitus who were interested in undertaking an Internet-based intervention for tinnitus. The data were collated using two open-ended questions. The first focused on problems related to having tinnitus, and the second to life effects as a result of tinnitus. Responses were analysed using a simplified content analysis approach to link concepts to ICF categories according to established linking rules. A Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was performed to compare the number of responses between the two questions. Results: There were 764 responses related to problems identified, 797 responses associated with life effects due to tinnitus, and 37 responses that did not fit into any ICF category. No significant differences were observed in the number of responses between the two questions. Also, no significant association between the number of responses reported and demographic variables were found. Most of the problems and life effects experienced by tinnitus sufferers were related to body function, followed by activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Only a few responses were related to environmental and personal factors. The most frequent responses related to body function involved: emotional functions (b152), sleep functions (b134), hearing functions (b230), sustaining attention (b1400), and energy level (b1300). For activity limitations and participation restrictions they were: communicating with receiving spoken messages (d310), socialization (d9205), handling stress and other psychological demands (d240), and recreation and leisure (d920). The most frequently occurring responses related to environmental factors were: sound intensity (e2500), sound quality (e2501), and general products and technology for communication (e1250). Coping style was the most frequently occurring personal factor. Conclusions: The study highlights the use of open-ended questions in gathering useful information about the impact of tinnitus. The responses coded to ICF show that tinnitus impacts many domains, particularly body function, but also activity limitations and participation restrictions. The results demonstrate the heterogeneous nature of the impact of tinnitus on people affected

Aging, rejuvenation, and memory effects in short-range Ising spin glass: Cu0.5_{0.5}Co0.5_{0.5}Cl2_{2}-FeCl3_{3} graphite bi-intercalation compound

Non-equilibrium aging dynamics in 3D Ising spin glass Cu$_{0.5}$Co$_{0.5}$Cl$_{2}$-FeCl$_{3}$ GBIC has been studied by zero-field cooled (ZFC) magnetization and low frequency AC magnetic susceptibility ($f = 0.05$ Hz), where $T_{g} = 3.92 \pm 0.11$ K. The time dependence of the relaxation rate $S(t) = (1/H)$d$M_{ZFC}/$d$\ln t$ for the ZFC magnetization after the ZFC aging protocol, shows a peak at a characteristic time $t_{cr}$ near a wait time $t_{w}$ (aging behavior), corresponding to a crossover from quasi equilibrium dynamics to non-equilibrium. The time $t_{cr}$ strongly depends on $t_{w}$, temperature ($T$), magnetic field ($H$), and the temperature shift ($\Delta T$). The rejuvenation effect is observed in both $\chi^{\prime}$ and $\chi^{\prime\prime}$ under the $T$-shift and $H$-shift procedures. The memory of the specific spin configurations imprinted during the ZFC aging protocol can be recalled when the system is re-heated at a constant heating rate. The aging, rejuvenation, and memory effects observed in the present system are discussed in terms of the scaling concepts derived from numerical studies on 3D Edwards-Anderson spin glass model.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures; Eur. Phys. J. B accepted for publicatio