Associations of Muscle Mass and Strength with All-Cause Mortality among US Older Adults

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies suggested that muscle mass and muscle strength may independently or synergistically affect aging-related health outcomes in older adults; however, prospective data on mortality in the general population are sparse. METHODS: We aimed to prospectively examine individual and joint associations of low muscle mass and low muscle strength with all-cause mortality in a nationally representative sample. This study included 4449 participants age 50 yr and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2002 with public use 2011 linked mortality files. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol use, education, leisure time physical activity, sedentary time, and comorbid diseases. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of low muscle mass was 23.1% defined by appendicular lean mass (ALM) and 17.0% defined by ALM/BMI, and the prevalence of low muscle strength was 19.4%. In the joint analyses, all-cause mortality was significantly higher among individuals with low muscle strength, whether they had low muscle mass (odds ratio [OR], 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-3.24 for ALM; OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.64-3.88 for ALM/BMI) or not (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.53-4.62 for ALM; OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.29-3.64 for ALM/BMI). In addition, the significant associations between low muscle strength and all-cause mortality persisted across different levels of metabolic syndrome, sedentary time, and LTPA. CONCLUSIONS: Low muscle strength was independently associated with elevated risk of all-cause mortality, regardless of muscle mass, metabolic syndrome, sedentary time, or LTPA among US older adults, indicating the importance of muscle strength in predicting aging-related health outcomes in older adults

Domain model as problem-oriented architecture application for mobile applications

Domain modeling is an activity that develops a generic model of a family of systems. It has been considered as one of the significant activities in systematic reuse. Frameworks can be used for allowing the design layers, permitting the construction of an intricate structures and reusing development information. In this paper, we will discuss the domain modeling supporting tool that extracts candidate domain model objects to construct frameworks from domain descriptions in a typical text form

Development of smart talking plant with voice recognition function

Plants can tell us what is affecting them with the electrical signals they emit with the help of (Internet of things) IoT.In such ways that is your plant thriving under current light levels? Is your plant thirsty? Or even satisfy with your care? The goal this project is to encourage a happy relationship between plants and people as a lot of people are afraid of plants. Not they are not green handed. The idea of taking good care is a responsibility. This makes it possible for them to have a plant in their lives. As Arduino came into the picture in bringing a better solution for plant care, we proposed an ideal smart plant based on an existing system that will add more features to it to make an all in one architecture. We also presented some useful projects related to this for comparison and future references

Cellular trafficking of Sn-2 phosphatidylcholine prodrugs studied with fluorescence lifetime imaging and super-resolution microscopy

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Structural insights into the role of the Smoothened cysteine-rich domain in Hedgehog signalling.

Smoothened (Smo) is a member of the Frizzled (FzD) class of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and functions as the key transducer in the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway. Smo has an extracellular cysteine-rich domain (CRD), indispensable for its function and downstream Hh signalling. Despite its essential role, the functional contribution of the CRD to Smo signalling has not been clearly elucidated. However, given that the FzD CRD binds to the endogenous Wnt ligand, it has been proposed that the Smo CRD may bind its own endogenous ligand. Here we present the NMR solution structure of the Drosophila Smo CRD, and describe interactions between the glucocorticoid budesonide (Bud) and the Smo CRDs from both Drosophila and human. Our results highlight a function of the Smo CRD, demonstrating its role in binding to small-molecule modulators

Metal-Free Synthesis of \u3ci\u3eN-Heterocycles via Intramolecular Electrochemical C-H Aminations

N-heterocycles are key structural units in many drugs, biologically interesting molecules and functional materials. To avoid the residues of metal catalysts, the construction of N-heterocycles under metal-free conditions has attracted much research attention in academia and industry. Among them, the intramolecular electrochemical C-H aminations arguably constitute environmentally friendly methodologies for the metal-free construction of N-heterocycles, mainly due to the direct use of clean electricity as the redox agents. With the recent renaissance of organic electrosynthesis, the intramolecular electrochemical C-H aminations have undergone much progress in recent years. In this article, we would like to summarize the advances in this research field since 2019. The emphasis is placed on the reaction design and mechanistic insight. The challenges and future developments in the intramolecular electrochemical C-H aminations are also discussed

Contagion in debt and collateral markets

This paper investigates contagion in financial networks through both debt and collateral markets. Payment from a collateralized debt contract depends not only on the borrower's balance sheet, but also on the price of the underlying collateral. If the negative liquidity shock is small, then having more connections makes the network safer as contagion through the debt channel is minimized by diversified exposures. Even if the negative liquidity shock is large, collateral can mitigate counterparty exposures and reduce contagion through the debt channel. However, if collateral is not enough (leverage is high) and agents in the network are too interconnected, then collateral price can also plummet to zero and the whole network can collapse. Therefore, we show the importance of the interaction between the level of collateral and interconnectedness across agents. The model also provides the minimum collateral-debt ratio (haircut) to attain a robust macroprudential state for a given network structure and aggregate shock

Antimony nanobelt asymmetric membranes for sodium ion battery

In this study, composite asymmetric membranes containing antimony (Sb) nanobelts are prepared via a straightforward phase inversion method in combination with post-pyrolysis treatment. Sb nanobelt asymmetric membranes demonstrate improved cyclability and specific capacity as the alloy anode of sodium ion battery compared to Sb nanobelt thin films without asymmetric porous structure. The unique structure can effectively accommodate the large volume expansion of Sb-based alloy anodes, prohibit the loss of fractured active materials, and aid in the formation of stable artificial solid electrolyte interphases as evidenced by an outstanding capacity retention of ∼98% in 130 cycles at 60 mA g−1. A specific capacity of ∼600 mAh g−1 is obtained at 15 mA g−1 (1/40C). When the current density is increased to 240 mA g−1, ∼80% capacity can be maintained (∼480 mAh g−1). The relations among phase inversion conditions, structures, compositions, and resultant electrochemical properties are revealed through comprehensive characterization