An analysis of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean using the Arctic subpolar gyre state estimate and observations

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Grabon, J. S., Toole, J. M., Nguyen, A. T., & Krishfield, R. A. An analysis of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean using the Arctic subpolar gyre state estimate and observations. Progress in Oceanography, 198, (2021): 102685, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102685.The Atlantic Water (AW) Layer in the Arctic Subpolar gyre sTate Estimate Release 1 (ASTE R1), a data-constrained, regional, medium-resolution coupled ocean-sea ice model, is analyzed for the period 2004–2017 in combination with available hydrographic data. The study, focusing on AW defined as the waters between two bounding isopycnals, examines the time-average, mean seasonal cycle and interannual variability of AW Layer properties and circulation. A surge of AW, marked by rapid increases in mean AW Layer potential temperature and AW Layer thickness, begins two years into the state estimate and traverses the Arctic Ocean along boundary current pathways at a speed of 1–2 cm/s. The surge also alters AW circulation, including a reversal in flow direction along the Lomonosov Ridge, resulting in a new quasi-steady AW circulation from 2010 through the end of the state estimate period. The time-mean AW circulation during this latter time period indicates that a significant amount of AW spreads over the Lomonosov Ridge rather than directly returning along the ridge to Fram Strait. A three-layer depiction of the time-averaged ASTE R1 overturning circulation within the Arctic Ocean reveals that more AW is converted to colder, fresher Surface Layer water than is transformed to Deep and Bottom Water (1.2 Sv vs. 0.4 Sv). ASTE R1 also exhibits an increase in the volume of AW over the study period at a rate of 1.4 Sv, with near compensating decrease in Deep and Bottom Water volume. Observed AW properties compared to ASTE R1 output reveal increasing misfit during the simulated period with the ASTE R1 AW Layer generally being warmer and thicker than in observations.This work is based on the dissertation of the lead author submitted in partial requirement of a M.S. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography. The lead author’s participation was funded by the United States Navy’s Civilian Institution (CIVINS) Program. The contributions to this study by the junior authors were supported by the National Science Foundation (JMT and RAK grant PLR-1603660; ATN grant NSF-OPP-1603903)

Mammalian diseases of phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins and their homologs

Inositol and phosphoinositide signaling pathways represent major regulatory systems in eukaryotes. The physiological importance of these pathways is amply demonstrated by the variety of diseases that involve derangements in individual steps in inositide and phosphoinositide production and degradation. These diseases include numerous cancers, lipodystrophies and neurological syndromes. Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) are emerging as fascinating regulators of phosphoinositide metabolism. Recent advances identify PITPs (and PITP-like proteins) to be coincidence detectors, which spatially and temporally coordinate the activities of diverse aspects of the cellular lipid metabolome with phosphoinositide signaling. These insights are providing new ideas regarding mechanisms of inherited mammalian diseases associated with derangements in the activities of PITPs and PITP-like proteins

Dynamics and energetics of the mammalian phosphatidylinositol transfer protein phospholipid exchange cycle

Phosphatidylinositol-transfer proteins (PITPs) regulate phosphoinositide signaling in eukaryotic cells. The defining feature of PITPs is their ability to exchange phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) molecules between membranes, and this property is central to PITP-mediated regulation of lipid signaling. However, the details of the PITP-mediated lipid exchange cycle remain entirely obscure. Here, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of the mammalian StART-like PtdIns/phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) transfer protein PITP alpha, both on membrane bilayers and in solvated systems, informed downstream biochemical analyses that tested key aspects of the hypotheses generated by the molecular dynamics simulations. These studies provided five key insights into the PITP alpha lipid exchange cycle: (i) interaction of PITP alpha with the membrane is spontaneous and mediated by four specific protein substructures; (ii) the ability of PITP alpha to initiate closure around the PtdCho ligand is accompanied by loss of flexibility of two helix/loop regions, as well as of the C-terminal helix; (iii) the energy barrier of phospholipid extraction from the membrane is lowered by a network of hydrogen bonds between the lipid molecule and PITP alpha; (iv) the trajectory of PtdIns or PtdCho into and through the lipidbinding pocket is chaperoned by sets of PITP alpha residues conserved throughout the StART-like PITP family; and (v) conformational transitions in the C-terminal helix have specific functional involvements in PtdIns transfer activity. Taken together, these findings provide the first mechanistic description of key aspects of the PITP alpha PtdIns/PtdCho exchange cycle and offer a rationale for the high conservation of particular sets of residues across evolutionarily distant members of the metazoan StART-like PITP family.Peer reviewe

Creating Caring And Empathic Nurses: A Simulated Ostomate

Background: This qualitative study explored the lived experience of student nurses (N = 69) wearing an ostomy appliance for 48 hours in a clinical simulation experience. Method: The descriptive phenomenology by Colaizzi (1978) was used to study the question: What are the themes that emerge to describe the lived experience of an ostomate? Results: Five themes are emerged from written reflections. Conclusion: Students\u27 retention and application of the information learned in simulation may influence clinical practice and improve patient outcomes. Insight into nursing students\u27 transformation on caring and empathy into their practice, the art of nursing, was gleaned from this study

First studies of final focus quadrupoles vibrations of the z lattice of FCC-ee

International audienceThe proposed FCC-ee machine is a high-energy, high-intensity and high-precision lepton collider which will require to reduce as much as possible the differential motions of its two beams at the interaction points. In this prospect, the vibration impacts of the quadrupoles in the region close to the interaction point are investigated. Considering the z-pole optics design and its dedicated optics simulation under MAD-X, the present paper describes the integration of the dynamics aspects (vibrations mitigation) to render the modelling more realistic towards operation. This simulation is based on the "particle tracking" mode. In this prospect, dynamic characteristics of the designed mechanical assembly are estimated according to an analysis in finite element models. Required transfer functions and realistic temporal sequences along the assembly are thus created and they can be implemented as inputs to the optical simulations to verify that this assembly allows the expected beam parameters. The obtained results on a dedicated cantilever mock-up are presented and the last optics simulations are discussed

First studies of final focus quadrupoles vibrations of the z lattice of FCC-ee

International audienceThe proposed FCC-ee machine is a high-energy, high-intensity and high-precision lepton collider which will require to reduce as much as possible the differential motions of its two beams at the interaction points. In this prospect, the vibration impacts of the quadrupoles in the region close to the interaction point are investigated. Considering the z-pole optics design and its dedicated optics simulation under MAD-X, the present paper describes the integration of the dynamics aspects (vibrations mitigation) to render the modelling more realistic towards operation. This simulation is based on the "particle tracking" mode. In this prospect, dynamic characteristics of the designed mechanical assembly are estimated according to an analysis in finite element models. Required transfer functions and realistic temporal sequences along the assembly are thus created and they can be implemented as inputs to the optical simulations to verify that this assembly allows the expected beam parameters. The obtained results on a dedicated cantilever mock-up are presented and the last optics simulations are discussed

Creating Caring and Empathic Nurses: A Simulated Ostomate

Background: This qualitative study explored the lived experience of student nurses (N = 69) wearing an ostomy appliance for 48 hours in a clinical simulation experience. Method: The descriptive phenomenology by Colaizzi (1978) was used to study the question: What are the themes that emerge to describe the lived experience of an ostomate? Results: Five themes are emerged from written reflections. Conclusion: Students\u27 retention and application of the information learned in simulation may influence clinical practice and improve patient outcomes. Insight into nursing students\u27 transformation on caring and empathy into their practice, the art of nursing, was gleaned from this study

Inelastic Scattering of a Photon by a Quantum Phase Slip

International audienc

Inelastic Scattering of a Photon by a Quantum Phase Slip

International audienc