7,730 research outputs found
Effects of retro-nasal aroma release on satiation
It is suggested that the brain response of a food odour sensed retro-nasally is related to satiation. The extent of retro-nasal aroma release during consumption depends on the physical structure of a food, i.e. solid foods generate a longer, more pronounced retro-nasal aroma release than liquid foods. The aim of this study was to investigate if a beverage becomes more satiating when the retro-nasal aroma release profile coincides with the profile of a (soft) solid food. In a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised cross-over full factorial design, twenty-seven healthy subjects (fourteen males and thirteen females; aged 16-65 years; BMI 19-37 kg/m(2) were administered aroma profiles by a computer-controlled stimulator based on air dilution olfactometry. Profile A consisted of a profile that is obtained during consumption of normal beverages. Profile B is normally observed during consumption of (soft) solids. The two profiles were produced with strawberry aroma and administered in a retro-nasal fashion, while the subjects consumed a sweetened milk drink. Before, during and after the sensory stimulation, appetite profile measurements were performed. Subjects felt significantly more satiated if they were aroma stimulated with profile B (P = 0.04). After stimulation with sweet strawberry aroma, there was a significant decrease in desire to eat sweet products (P = 0.0001). In conclusion, perceived satiation was increased by altering the extent of retro-nasal aroma release
Ab initio study of the CE magnetic phase in half-doped manganites: Purely magnetic versus double exchange description
The leading electronic interactions governing the local physics of the CE
phase of half-doped manganites are extracted from correlated ab initio
calculations performed on an embedded cluster. The electronic structure of the
low-energy states is dominated by double exchange configurations and
O-2 to Mn-3d charge transfer configurations. The model spectra of
both a purely magnetic non-symmetric Heisenberg Hamiltonian involving a
magnetic oxygen and two non-symmetric double exchange models are compared to
the \textit{ab initio} one. While a satisfactory agreement between the
Heisenberg spectrum and the calculated one is obtained, the best description is
provided by a double exchange model involving excited non-Hund atomic states.
This refined model not only perfectly reproduces the spectrum of the embedded
cluster in the crystal geometry, but also gives a full description of the local
double-well potential energy curve of the ground state (resulting from the
interaction of the charge localized electronic configurations) and the local
potential energy curves of all excited states ruled by the double exchange
mechanism
Effects of repeated consumption on sensory-enhanced satiety
Previous research suggests that sensory characteristics of a drink modify the acute satiating effects of its nutrients, with enhanced satiety evident when a high energy drink was thicker and tasted creamier. The present study tested whether this modulation of satiety by sensory context was altered by repeated consumption. Participants (n=48) consumed one of four drinks mid-morning on seven non-consecutive days with satiety responses measured pre-exposure (day 1), post-exposure (day 6) and at a one month follow-up. Drinks combined two levels of energy (lower energy, LE, 326 KJ: higher energy, HE, 1163KJ) with two levels of satiety-predictive sensory characteristics (low-sensory, LS, or enhanced sensory, ES). Test lunch intake 90 minutes after drink consumption depended on both the energy content and sensory characteristics of the drink before exposure, but on energy content alone at post-exposure and the follow-up. The largest change was an increase in test meal intake over time in the LE/LS condition. Effects on intake were reflected in appetite ratings, with rated hunger and expected filling affected by sensory characteristics and energy content pre-exposure, but were largely determined by energy content post exposure and at follow up. In contrast, a measure of expected satiety reflected sensory characteristics regardless of energy content on all three test days. Overall these data suggest that some aspects of the sensory-modulation of satiety are changed by repeated consumption, with covert energy becoming more effective in suppressing appetite over time, but also suggest that these behavioural changes are not readily translated into expectations of satiety
Renormalization of the quasiparticle hopping integrals by spin interactions in layered copper oxides
Holes doped within the square CuO2 network specific to the cuprate
superconducting materials have oxygen 2p character. We investigate the basic
properties of such oxygen holes by wavefunction-based quantum chemical
calculations on large embedded clusters. We find that a 2p hole induces
ferromagnetic correlations among the nearest-neighbor Cu 3d spins. When moving
through the antiferromagnetic background the hole must bring along this spin
polarization cloud at nearby Cu sites, which gives rise to a substantial
reduction of the effective hopping parameters. Such interactions can explain
the relatively low values inferred for the effective hoppings by fitting the
angle-resolved photoemission data. The effect of the background
antiferromagnetic couplings of renormalizing the effective nearest-neighbor
hopping is also confirmed by density-matrix renormalization-group model
Hamiltonian calculations for chains and ladders of CuO4 plaquettes
A Gelfand triple approach to Wigner and Husimi representations
The notion of Gelfand triples is applied to interpret mathematically a family of phase-space representations of quantum mechanics interpolating between the Wigner and Husimi representations. Gelfand triples of operators on Hilbert space, and Gelfand triples of functions on phase-space are introduced in order to get isomorphic correspondences between operators and their phase-space representations. The phasespace Gelfand triples are characterized by means of growth conditions on the analytic continuation of the functions. We give integral expressions for the sesquilinear forms belonging to the phase-space Gelfand triples. This provides mathematically rigorous phase-space analogues for quantum mechanical expectation values of bounded operators. 1
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A Triangular Tessellation Scheme for the Adsorption Free Energy at the Liquid-Liquid Interface: Towards Non-Convex Patterned Colloids
We introduce a new numerical technique, namely triangular tessellation, to
calculate the free energy associated with the adsorption of a colloidal
particle at a flat interface. The theory and numerical scheme presented here
are sufficiently general to handle non-convex patchy colloids with arbitrary
surface patterns characterized by a wetting angle, e.g., amphiphilicity. We
ignore interfacial deformation due to capillary, electrostatic, or
gravitational forces, but the method can be extended to take such effects into
account. It is verified that the numerical method presented is accurate and
sufficiently stable to be applied to more general situations than presented in
this paper. The merits of the tessellation method prove to outweigh those of
traditionally used semi-analytic approaches, especially when it comes to
generality and applicability.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, 0 table
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