Participação pública: mecanismos e práticas no contexto da Administração Pública e o caso do orçamento participativo de Lisboa

A participação pública é hoje um conceito amplamente difundido e reconhecido, sendo um mecanismo que tanto é eficazmente usado, como incorrectamente aplicado, pela Administração Pública, seja na elaboração de políticas públicas ou na gestão do seu relacionamento com os cidadãos e comunidades. Um dos maiores desafios da Administração Pública de hoje consiste em integrar nos processos de decisão a activa participação das populações, com vista a articular as aspirações e os interesses das respectivas comunidades com os meios técnicos e financeiros públicos disponíveis. Este trabalho de projecto pretenderá explorar a abrangência do conceito de participação pública, olhando para os seus mecanismos e práticas, com particular enfoque para a sua escala local, ao nível da actuação do Município de Lisboa, e elegendo como caso de estudo o seu Orçamento Participativo. Analisaremos assim, em paralelo, o enquadramento jurídico e as práticas participativas na Administração Pública Portuguesa, juntamente com uma década de políticas participativas da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa e com 10 anos de evolução do Orçamento Participativo de Lisboa, com vista a identificar as principais fragilidades e potencialidades deste instrumento participativo e produzir recomendações de melhoria às suas próximas edições. E, por conseguinte, tentando propor uma nova geração de políticas participativas integradas do Município de Lisboa, capazes de proporcionar um melhor serviço público e um melhor desempenho da própria autarquia, contribuindo para políticas públicas mais justas, inclusivas, sustentáveis e que promovam a equidade social e territorial.Public participation is actually a widely diffused and recognized concept, being a mechanism that is both effectively and incorrectly applied by the Public Administration, in the elaboration of public policies or in the management of its relationship with citizens and communities. One of the biggest challenges for today's Public Administration is how to integrate, in the decision processes, the active participation of populations, in order to articulate the aspirations of communities with public technical and financial available resources. This master’s thesis will try to explore the scope of the concept of public participation, looking at its mechanisms and practices, with a particular focus on its local scale, regarding the Municipality of Lisbon, and choosing the Participatory Budgeting as its case study. Therefore we will analyze, in parallel, the legal framework and participatory practices in the Portuguese Public Administration, together with a decade of participatory policies of the Lisbon City Council and with 10 years of evolution of the Lisbon Participatory Budgeting, in order to identify the main weaknesses and potentialities of this participatory instrument and produce recommendations for its improvement in future editions. And, therefore, trying to propose a new generation of integrated participative policies of the Municipality of Lisbon, capable of providing a better public service and a better performance of the organization itself, contributing to public policies that are fairer, more inclusive, sustainable and that promote social and territorial equity

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio