Methodology of calculation of construction and hydrodynamic parameters of a foam layer apparatus for mass-transfer processes

Промислова реалізація методу стабілізації газорідинного шару дозволяє значно розширити галузь застосування пінних апаратів і відкриває нові можливості інтенсифікації технологічних процесів з одночасним створенням маловідходних технологій. У статті встановлені основні параметри, що впливають на гідродинаміку пінних апаратів, розглянуті основні конструкції та режими роботи пінних апаратів. Виявлено зв'язок гідродинамічних параметрів. Розглянуто гідродинамічні закономірності пінного шару. Вказані фактори, що впливають на процес масообміну, як в газовій, так і в рідкій фазах. Проведений аналіз ряду досліджень показав, що перспективним напрямком інтенсифікації процесу масообміну є розробка апаратів з трифазним псевдозрідженим шаром зрошуваної насадки складних форм із сітчастих матеріалів. Отже, необхідне проведення спеціальних досліджень гідродинамічних режимів роботи апарату з сітчастою насадкою і визначенням параметрів, що впливають на швидкість переходу насадки з одного режиму в інший.Industrial implementation of the stabilization method of the gas-liquid layer can significantly expand the field of use of foaming apparatus and opens up new opportunities for intensifying technological processes with the simultaneous creation of low-waste technologies. The article establishes the basic parameters influencing the hydrodynamics of foam apparatus, considers the basic constructions and operating modes of foam apparatus. The connection of hydrodynamic parameters is revealed. The hydrodynamic laws of the foam layer are considered. The indicated factors affecting the process of mass transfer, both in the gas and in the liquid phases. The conducted analysis of a number of studies showed that the perspective direction of intensification of the mass transfer process is the development of apparatuses with a three-phase fluidized bed of an irrigated nozzle of complex forms with mesh materials

Improvement in coronary haemodynamics after percutaneous coronary intervention: assessment using instantaneous wave-free ratio

Objective: To determine whether the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) can detect improvement in stenosis significance after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and compare this with fractional flow reserve (FFR) and whole cycle Pd/Pa. Design: A prospective observational study was undertaken in elective patients scheduled for PCI with FFR ≤0.80. Intracoronary pressures were measured at rest and during adenosine-mediated vasodilatation, before and after PCI. iFR, Pd/Pa and FFR values were calculated using the validated fully automated algorithms. Setting: Coronary catheter laboratories in two UK centres and one in the USA. Patients: 120 coronary stenoses in 112 patients were assessed. The mean age was 63±10 years, while 84% were male; 39% smokers; 33% with diabetes. Mean diameter stenosis was 68±16% by quantitative coronary angiography. Results: Pre-PCI, mean FFR was 0.66±0.14, mean iFR was 0.75±0.21 and mean Pd/Pa 0.83±0.16. PCI increased all indices significantly (FFR 0.89±0.07, p<0.001; iFR 0.94±0.05, p<0.001; Pd/Pa 0.96±0.04, p<0.001). The change in iFR after intervention (0.20±0.21) was similar to ΔFFR 0.22±0.15 (p=0.25). ΔFFR and ΔiFR were significantly larger than resting ΔPd/Pa (0.13±0.16, both p<0.001). Similar incremental changes occurred in patients with a higher prevalence of risk factors for microcirculatory disease such as diabetes and hypertension. Conclusions: iFR and FFR detect the changes in coronary haemodynamics elicited by PCI. FFR and iFR have a significantly larger dynamic range than resting Pd/Pa. iFR might be used to objectively document improvement in coronary haemodynamics following PCI in a similar manner to FFR

Comparative review of human and canine osteosarcoma: morphology, epidemiology, prognosis, treatment and genetics

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a rare cancer in people. However OSA incidence rates in dogs are 27 times higher than in people. Prognosis in both species is poor, with five year osteosarcoma survival rates in people not having improved in decades. For dogs, one year survival rates are only around ~45%. Improved and novel treatment regimens are urgently required to improve survival in both humans and dogs with OSA. Utilising information from genetic studies could assist in this in both species, with the higher incidence rates in dogs contributing to the dog population being a good model of human disease. This review compares the clinical characteristics, gross morphology and histopathology, aetiology, epidemiology, and genetics of canine and human osteosarcoma. Finally, the current position of canine osteosarcoma genetic research is discussed and areas for additional work within the canine population are identified

Swiss Canine Cancer Registry: a retrospective study on the occurrence of tumours and the influence of age, breed, body size, sex and castration status on tumour development in dogs in Switzerland from 1955-2008

This retrospective study presents the Swiss Canine Cancer Registry, containing pathology diagnostic records compiled between 1955 and 2008 by three veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Switzerland. The data set was investigated systematically covering various points of interest. The results were published in two articles in the Journal of Comparative Pathology. The first article (The Swiss Canine Cancer Registry: a retrospective study on the occurrence of tumours in dogs in Switzerland from 1955 – 2008) presents a broad overview on the whole data set. In the second article (Swiss Canine Cancer Registry 1955 – 2008: Occurrence of the most common tumour diagnoses and influence of age, breed, body size, sex and castration status on tumour development) tumours were investigated in small groups for a better comparison with other canine cancer registries and clinical relevance. Analyses of the influence of age, breed, body size, sex and castration status on dogs’ tumour development were carried out using multiple logistic regression. The sample size allows detailed insight into the influences of age, breed, body size, sex and castration status on canine tumour development. It is hoped that this study marks the beginning of continuous registration of dog tumours in Switzerland, which will serve as a reference for research in the fields of animal and human oncology. In dieser retrospektiven Studie wurde das Schweizer Hundekrebsregister erstellt und ausgewertet, dessen zu Grunde liegenden Diagnoseberichte aus drei Veterinärpathologischen Instituten in der Schweiz und dem Zeitraum von 1955 bis 2008 stammen. Die Ergebnisse der Auswertungen wurden in zwei Artikeln im Journal of Comparative Pathology veröffentlicht. Der erste Artikel (The Swiss Canine Cancer Registry: a retrospective study on the occurrence of tumours in dogs in Switzerland from 1955 – 2008) gewährt einen breiten Überblick über das Tumorvorkommen bei den Schweizer Hunden. Im zweiten Artikel (Swiss Canine Cancer Registry 1955 – 2008: Occurrence of the most common tumour diagnoses and influence of age, breed, body size, sex and castration status on tumour development) wurden die Tumoren zu Gunsten besserer Vergleichbarkeit und klinischer Relevanz in differenzierten Untergruppen untersucht. Mittels multipler logistischer Regressionsanalysen wurde der Einfluss von Alter, Rasse, Körpergrösse, Geschlecht und Kastrationsstatus auf die Entwicklung der Tumoren untersucht. Die grosse Datenmenge erlaubte detaillierte Einsichten über die Einflüsse dieser Variablen auf die Tumorentwicklung. Es ist wünschenswert, dass diese Dissertation das Fundament für ein fortlaufendes Schweizer Hundekrebsregister bildet und weiteren Forschungsarbeiten im Gebiet der Onkologie für Mensch und Tier als Grundlage dient