Vatsaontelon anatomia ja vatsaontelon elinten tavallisimmat kirurgiset sairaudet

Syventävien opintojen opinnäytetyöni koostui kolmesta osiosta: mallivainajan valmistamisesta, kahdesta anatomisesta opetusvideosta ja kirjallisen raportin laatimisesta. Lisäksi laadimme monivalintakysymyksiä Tuki- ja liikuntaelimistön rakenne ja toiminta (TLRT) -opintojaksolle. Mallivainajan valmistin yhdessä Maija Lukanderin ja Noora Nyyssösen kanssa. Minun päävastuualueeni mallivainajan preparoinnissa olivat yläraaja ja rintakehä. Valmistimme mallivainajan Turun yliopiston lääketieteellisen tiedekunnan anatomian opetusavaussalissa. Mallivainaja oli käytössä syksyn 2018 ja 2019 Anatominen ruumiinavaus -opintojaksoilla. Mallivainajasta opiskelijat pystyivät helposti näkemään, mitä rakenteita kullakin avauskerralla oli tarkoitus saada esiin. Opinnäytetyön toisena osiona tein kaksi anatomista opetusvideota yhdessä Maija Lukanderin ja Noora Nyyssösen kanssa. Aiheina olivat tyräportit ja vatsaontelon anatomia. Kuvauspaikkana toimi Turun yliopiston lääketieteellisen tiedekunnan anatomian opetusavaussali. Video on koostettu Maijan piirtämistä piirroskuvista, valokuvista ja videomateriaalista. Minun päävastuualueeni videoiden valmistamisessa oli kuvanmuokkaus. Tämän lisäksi selostin myös vatsaontelovideon. Esitimme videon ensimmäisen raakaversion CD3-vuosikurssin opiskelijoille syksyllä 2018 ja toisen raakaversion syksyllä 2019. Keräsimme molemmilla näyttökerroilla opiskelijoilta palautetta sekä videon laadusta että hyödyllisyydestä. Valtaosa opiskelijoista koki videon erittäin hyödylliseksi sekä tyristä että vatsaontelon anatomiasta oppimisen kannalta. Videon pitkän keston vuoksi päädyimme lopulta jakamaan videon kahteen erilliseen osaan. Tässä kirjallisessa työssä kerron mallivainajan valmistamisesta sekä opetusvideoiden tekemisestä ja sisällöstä. Kirjallisessa osiossa tarkastelen vatsaontelon anatomiaa ja vatsaontelon elinten yleisimpiä kirurgisia sairauksia kirjallisuutta hyödyntäen. Hyödynnän myös vatsaontelovideon piirros- ja valokuvia. Lopuksi analysoin opetusvideoista saamaamme opiskelijapalautetta

Survey of Viral Reactivations in Elite Athletes: A Case-Control Study

Exercise-induced immune perturbations have been proposed to increase susceptibility to viral infections. We investigated the replication of persisting viruses as indicators of immune function in elite cross-country skiers after ten months of sustained high-performance exercise. The viruses evaluated, nine human herpesviruses (HHVs) and torque teno virus (TTV), are typically restrained in health but replicate actively in immunosuppressed individuals. We collected sera from 27 Finnish elite cross-country skiers at the end of the competition’s season and 27 matched controls who perform moderate exercise. We quantified all the HHVs and—TTV via highly sensitive qPCRs. To verify equal past exposures between the groups, we assessed the IgG antibody prevalences toward HHV-4 (Epstein–Barr virus, EBV) and HHV-5 (human cytomegalovirus, HCMV). We found equal TTV DNA prevalences in athletes (63%) and controls (63%) and loads with respective geometric means of 1.7 × 103 and 1.2 × 103 copies/mL of serum. Overall, the copy numbers were low and consistent with those of healthy individuals. Neither of the groups presented with herpesvirus viremia despite similar past exposures to HHVs (seroprevalences of EBV 70% vs. 78% and HCMV 52% vs. 44% in athletes and controls, respectively). We found no evidence of increased replication of persistent viruses in elite athletes, arguing against impaired viral immunity due to high-performance exercise

Survey of Viral Reactivations in Elite Athletes: A Case-Control Study

Exercise-induced immune perturbations have been proposed to increase susceptibility to viral infections. We investigated the replication of persisting viruses as indicators of immune function in elite cross-country skiers after ten months of sustained high-performance exercise. The viruses evaluated, nine human herpesviruses (HHVs) and torque teno virus (TTV), are typically restrained in health but replicate actively in immunosuppressed individuals. We collected sera from 27 Finnish elite cross-country skiers at the end of the competition’s season and 27 matched controls who perform moderate exercise. We quantified all the HHVs and—TTV via highly sensitive qPCRs. To verify equal past exposures between the groups, we assessed the IgG antibody prevalences toward HHV-4 (Epstein–Barr virus, EBV) and HHV-5 (human cytomegalovirus, HCMV). We found equal TTV DNA prevalences in athletes (63%) and controls (63%) and loads with respective geometric means of 1.7 × 103 and 1.2 × 103 copies/mL of serum. Overall, the copy numbers were low and consistent with those of healthy individuals. Neither of the groups presented with herpesvirus viremia despite similar past exposures to HHVs (seroprevalences of EBV 70% vs. 78% and HCMV 52% vs. 44% in athletes and controls, respectively). We found no evidence of increased replication of persistent viruses in elite athletes, arguing against impaired viral immunity due to high-performance exercise

Huippu-urheilijan hengitystieinfektiot ja niiden haitat

Kova fyysinen ja psyykkinen rasitus voi heikentää elimistön puolustusmekanismeja useilla tavoilla. Kilpailut, matkustaminen, yhteismajoitus, ihmisjoukot sekä uni- ja energiavaje lisäävät urheilijan alttiutta sairastua hengitystieinfektioihin. Virusinfektiot leviävät herkästi urheilujoukkueissa. Arvokilpailuissa huippu-urheilijan riski sairastua äkilliseen viruksen aiheuttamaan hengitystieinfektioon on seitsenkertainen verrattuna normaalisti liikkuviin verrokkeihin. Bakteeri-infektiot ovat harvinaisia. Urheilijan infektioalttiuden mekanismit tunnetaan huonosti. Virusinfektion komplikaatioriskistä ja vaikutuksesta suorituskykyyn ei ole riittävästi tutkittua tietoa. Infektioita voidaan vähentää välttämällä kontaktia sairastuneisiin ja huolellisella käsien pesulla. Respiratoriset virukset leviävät kuitenkin monella tapaa, ja tartuntojen välttäminen on vaikeata. Arjen kokonaiskuormituksen hallinta, stressinhallintaharjoittelu sekä riittävä uni ja energiansaanti tukevat elimistön kykyä suojautua taudinaiheuttajia vastaan

Increased risk of respiratory viral infections in elite athletes: A controlled study

BackgroundRespiratory symptoms are commonly recognised in elite athletes. The occurrence, etiology and clinical presentation of the illnesses in athletes is unclear.MethodsWe performed a prospective controlled study of respiratory viral infections in Team Finland during Nordic World Ski Championships 2019. There were 26 athletes and 36 staff members. Nasal swabs were taken at the onset of a symptom and on days 1, 7, and 13 during the follow-up of 14 days. Respiratory viruses were searched for by 3 different molecular multiplex tests. Fifty-two matched control subjects were studied in Finland during the same period.ResultsTen out of 26 (38%) athletes, 6 out of 36 (17%) staff, and 3 out of 52 (6%) control subjects experienced symptoms of respiratory infection (p = 0.0013). The relative risks for acquiring symptomatic infection were 6.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1–21.0) of athletes and 2.9 (95% CI, 0.84–10.0) of the staff as compared to the controls. Asymptomatic infections were identified in 8%, 22%, and 19%, respectively (p = 0.30). The etiology of respiratory infections was detected in 84% of the cases.ConclusionThe athletes had a 7-fold increase in the risk of illness compared to normally exercising control subjects.</div

Survey of viral reactivations in elite athletes: A case-control study

Exercise-induced immune perturbations have been proposed to increase susceptibility to viral infections. We investigated the replication of persisting viruses as indicators of immune function in elite cross-country skiers after ten months of sustained high-performance exercise. The viruses evaluated, nine human herpesviruses (HHVs) and torque teno virus (TTV), are typically restrained in health but replicate actively in immunosuppressed individuals. We collected sera from 27 Finnish elite cross-country skiers at the end of the competition’s season and 27 matched controls who perform moderate exercise. We quantified all the HHVs and—TTV via highly sensitive qPCRs. To verify equal past exposures between the groups, we assessed the IgG antibody prevalences toward HHV-4 (Epstein–Barr virus, EBV) and HHV-5 (human cytomegalovirus, HCMV). We found equal TTV DNA prevalences in athletes (63%) and controls (63%) and loads with respective geometric means of 1.7 × 103 and 1.2 × 103 copies/mL of serum. Overall, the copy numbers were low and consistent with those of healthy individuals. Neither of the groups presented with herpesvirus viremia despite similar past exposures to HHVs (seroprevalences of EBV 70% vs. 78% and HCMV 52% vs. 44% in athletes and controls, respectively). We found no evidence of increased replication of persistent viruses in elite athletes, arguing against impaired viral immunity due to high-performance exercise.</p

Increased risk of respiratory viral infections in elite athletes: A controlled study.

BackgroundRespiratory symptoms are commonly recognised in elite athletes. The occurrence, etiology and clinical presentation of the illnesses in athletes is unclear.MethodsWe performed a prospective controlled study of respiratory viral infections in Team Finland during Nordic World Ski Championships 2019. There were 26 athletes and 36 staff members. Nasal swabs were taken at the onset of a symptom and on days 1, 7, and 13 during the follow-up of 14 days. Respiratory viruses were searched for by 3 different molecular multiplex tests. Fifty-two matched control subjects were studied in Finland during the same period.ResultsTen out of 26 (38%) athletes, 6 out of 36 (17%) staff, and 3 out of 52 (6%) control subjects experienced symptoms of respiratory infection (p = 0.0013). The relative risks for acquiring symptomatic infection were 6.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-21.0) of athletes and 2.9 (95% CI, 0.84-10.0) of the staff as compared to the controls. Asymptomatic infections were identified in 8%, 22%, and 19%, respectively (p = 0.30). The etiology of respiratory infections was detected in 84% of the cases.ConclusionThe athletes had a 7-fold increase in the risk of illness compared to normally exercising control subjects

Increased risk of respiratory viral infections in elite athletes:a controlled study

Abstract Background: Respiratory symptoms are commonly recognised in elite athletes. The occurrence, etiology and clinical presentation of the illnesses in athletes is unclear. Methods: We performed a prospective controlled study of respiratory viral infections in Team Finland during Nordic World Ski Championships 2019. There were 26 athletes and 36 staff members. Nasal swabs were taken at the onset of a symptom and on days 1, 7, and 13 during the follow-up of 14 days. Respiratory viruses were searched for by 3 different molecular multiplex tests. Fifty-two matched control subjects were studied in Finland during the same period. Results: Ten out of 26 (38%) athletes, 6 out of 36 (17%) staff, and 3 out of 52 (6%) control subjects experienced symptoms of respiratory infection (p = 0.0013). The relative risks for acquiring symptomatic infection were 6.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1–21.0) of athletes and 2.9 (95% CI, 0.84–10.0) of the staff as compared to the controls. Asymptomatic infections were identified in 8%, 22%, and 19%, respectively (p = 0.30). The etiology of respiratory infections was detected in 84% of the cases. Conclusion: The athletes had a 7-fold increase in the risk of illness compared to normally exercising control subjects