Use and inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors in hospitalized patients

Background: The discovery of Helicobacter pylori infection in etiology of peptic ulcer disease and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in management of upper gastrointestinal diseases had been the milestones in medical science. PPI are currently being both overused and misused. In countries like India, where over 500 branded formulations of PPI are available, probability of misuse and abuse increases exponentially. The aim of the study was to find out inappropriate use of PPI, among hospitalized patients.Methods: In order to find answer to the research question a cross sectional study was conducted in indoor patient of a tertiary care private hospital at Jaipur, Rajasthan. Patients of either sex, aged 18 years or above belonging to rural and urban communities were participating in study. The sample size was 500.Results: It was noted that Inappropriate PPI use was observed in most of the hospital admitted patients (78%). Most common diagnosis among inappropriate PPI use was dengue fever (due to increased number of dengue cases during study period), followed by cerebrovascular accidents and urinary tract infection. Most common indication for appropriate PPI use was stress ulcer prophylaxis, again in dengue case (due to cardinal manifestation of thrombocytopenia).Conclusions: Almost all patients were once prescribed PPI after admission and discharged on PPI (99.2%). Thus, we recommend evidence-based prescription of PPI, to reduce side effects and excess cost

Evaluation of Human Epididymis Protein 4, Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm, and Risk of Malignancy Index Efficiency for Ameliorating Sensitivity and Specificity for Differentiating Benign from Malignant Adnexal Masses

Background Inadequacy of effective sensitive and specific screening modalities results in late-stage diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Cancer Antigen-125 (CA-125) individually possesses limited specificity for differentiating adnexal masses. The present study aimed to evaluate the Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4), Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA), and Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) for ameliorating sensitivity and specificity for differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses

A systematic review of prescription pattern monitoring studies and their effectiveness in promoting rational use of medicines

Prescription pattern monitoring studies (PPMS) are a tool for assessing the prescribing, dispensing and distribution of medicines. The main aim of PPMS is to facilitate rational use of medicines (RUM). There is paucity of published data analysing the effectiveness of PPMS. The present review has been done to assess the effectiveness of prescription pattern monitoring studies in promoting RUM. Data search was conducted on internet. A multitude of PPMS done on different classes of drugs were collected and analyzed. PPMS using WHO prescribing indicators were also included. The present article reviews various prescription pattern monitoring studies of drugs conducted all over country and abroad. It was observed in the majority of such studies that physicians do not adhere to the guidelines made by regulatory agencies leading to irrational use of medicines. This in turn leads to increased incidence of treatment failure, antimicrobial resistance and economic burden on the patient and the community as a whole. The treatment of diseases by the use of essential drugs, prescribed by their generic names, has been emphasized by the WHO and the National Health Policy of India. We conclude that the prescription monitoring studies provide a bridge between areas like rational use of drugs, pharmacovigilance, evidence based medicine, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacogenetics and ecopharmacovigilance. In India, this is the need of the hour to utilise the data generated by so many prescription pattern monitoring studies done in every state and on every drug, so that the main aim of promoting rational use of drugs is fulfilled

Abstracts of the International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021: 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering & Technology

This book presents the selected abstracts of the International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021, hosted from the 16th to 19th of September 2021 in virtual mode by the Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Jalandhar, India. Conference Title: International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021Conference Acronym: ICheEC2021Theme: 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering & TechnologyConference Date: 16-19 September 2021Conference Location: OnlineConference Organizer: Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Jalandhar, Indi