EPR and optical absorption study of Cr3+-doped tetramethyl ammonium cadmium chloride single crystals

EPR study of Cr3+-doped tetramethyl cadmium chloride (TMCC) single crystals is carried out at room temperature. The crystal field and spin-Hamiltonian parameters are evaluated from the resonance line positions of different lines observed in the EPR spectra. The g and D parameter values are found to be g = 1.9741 +/- 0.0002 and D = 553 + 2 x 10(-4) cm(-1), respectively. EPR data indicate that the site symmetry of Cr3+ ion in the crystal is distorted octahedron. Cr3+ ions enter the lattice substitutionally replacing Cd2+ sites and bind to the neighboring extra Cd vacancies necessary for charge compensation. The optical absorption spectra are measured in 195-925 nm wavelength range at room temperature. From optical study the energy values of different orbital levels are estimated. Further, the bonding parameters are obtained by correlating optical and EPR data and the nature of bonding in the crystal is discussed. The values of Racah parameters (B and Q, crystal field parameter (Dq) and nephelauxetic parameters (h and k) are obtained to be B = 722, C = 2845, Dq = 2043 cm(-1), h = 1.015 and k = 0.21

Effect of Drip Irrigation System and Black Polythene on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Sapota (<i>Achras sapota </i>Linn)

302-304Agricultural climatic conditions of Chhattisgarh are suitable for Sapota production. Minimum level of humidity in summer season affects the quality of fruits in this region. Therefore, quantity of irrigation affects the productivity and quality in summer season. Present experiment was conducted at Plasticulture Development Center, Horticulture Department, Indira Gandhi Agriculture University, Raipur from 1999 to 2002. Effect of irrigation system was observed on growth, yield and quality. Four levels of irrigation i.e. (40%), (60%), (80%) and (100%) combined treatment with and without pal war was used in whole experiment, now irrigation method was used in whole experiment, flow irrigation method was used as a control treatment.Whole field was divided in to 10 treatments with randomized block design (RBD). Black polythene(50 micron) was used as a palwar. It was revealed from the experiment that growth, development, yield and quality of Sapota was found significantly high with drip irrigation method along with black polythene palwar when compared with controlled treatment. Water utilization capacity was highest with 0.4 volume (40%) water with black polythene palwar. In this way irrigation uniformity was 83.38 to 98.95 per cent. From the point of view of weed control it was found maximum 90.12% in 0.6 volume (60% water) and black polythene and maximum water (1217.23 mm) was used in controlled treatment. Plant height (6.75 m), stem girth stem (47.40 cm) and number of fruits per plant (415.12) were maximum with 0.6 volume (60% water) and black polythene palwar. In the same way from the point of view of high quality total soluble element, acidity and sugar were also more with 0.6 volume treatment (60%) water as compared to controlled treatment. Maximum yield (40.32 q/ha) was obtained with 0.6 volume (60%) water, which was maximum when compared with controlled treatment

Role Of Plant-Based Bioflavonoids in Combating Tuberculosis

Innovative strategies are required to address the ongoing threat of tuberculosis (TB), which continues to be a serious worldwide health issue. Growing interest has been paid to plant-based bioflavonoids because of their potential as TB adjunctive treatments. This chapter offers a thorough examination of the varied function of bioflavonoids in TB treatment. The first sections highlight bioflavonoids' natural defense roles in plants while describing their chemical diversity and origins. We study the mechanisms of action of bioflavonoids on Mycobacterium TB, including how they interfere with biofilm development, virulence factors, and host immunological responses. Notably, the potential for decreased drug resistance and shortened treatment durations is highlighted when discussing the synergistic effects between bioflavonoids and traditional TB medications. The anti-inflammatory properties of bioflavonoids are examined in the context of TB pathogenesis, addressing their role in modulating inflammatory responses and mitigating tissue damage. Clinical studies evaluating bioflavonoid efficacy, safety, and bioavailability are reviewed, providing insights into their therapeutic potential. Challenges associated with bioavailability and formulation are also discussed, highlighting strategies to optimize drug delivery.Incorporating ethnobotanical perspectives, we explore historical plant-based remedies for TB and the integration of traditional knowledge with modern research. The abstract concludes by outlining future directions, emphasizing promising bioflavonoid candidates for TB treatment, targeting latent infections, and advocating for collaborative, interdisciplinary research efforts. Ultimately, this chapter underscores the promising role of plant-based bioflavonoids as a potential avenue for enhancing the efficacy and resilience of TB treatment strategies, offering hope for improved outcomes in TB management