Modification des récepteurs cholinergiques de type nicotinique par des doses sublétales d'imidaclopride chez la blatte Periplaneta americana

Les insecticides néonicotinoïdes sont une classe d\u27insecticides utilisée pour contrôler les insectes ravageurs de cultures. Ces molécules miment l\u27effet de l\u27acétylcholine (ACh) en agissant comme des agonistes des récepteurs cholinergiques de type nicotinique (nAChRs) au niveau du système nerveux central des insectes. Suite à l\u27utilisation des néonicotinoïdes ces dernières années, des phénomènes de résistance ont été révélés chez beaucoup d\u27espèces. Ces phénomènes menacent d\u27une part l\u27agriculture et d\u27autre part la santé publique. Afin de comprendre les facteurs impliqués dans les phénomènes de résistance aux néonicotinoïdes, nous avons étudié les mécanismes d\u27adaptation développés suite à une exposition chronique à des doses sublétales de néonicotinoïde. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié la toxicité d\u27une molécule néonicotinoïde (l\u27imidaclopride) chez la blatte Periplaneta americana . Ensuite, l\u27effet d\u27une exposition chronique à une dose sublétale d\u27imidaclopride a été exploré sur neurones DUM (Dorsal Unpaired Median) de la blatte grâce à la technique électrophysiologique de patch - clamp, dans des conditions de potentiel imposé. Les premiers résultats obtenus montrent que cette exposition chronique peut modifier le profil pharmacologique des nAChRs au niveau des neurones DUM. En effet, une diminution de la sensibilité à l\u27imidaclopride des nAChRs a été mise en évidence. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons montré en PCR quantitative que la diminution de la sensibilité des nAChRs pourrait avoir un lien avec une modification du niveau d\u27expression des différentes sous – unités qui composent ces récepteurs

The Osteological, Preparation, Disarticulation, And Mounting Of A Typical Reptile, Crotalus Horridus

A light spotted rattle snake about thirty six inches in length was obtained from the Helena Police Department in September 1949. The snake was killed a few weeks later, by placing it in a apple box with a stick supplied with a wire loop firmly around its neck, of course any reasonable large size box could have be n used, because the box was used only so as to push the snake’s head up against a piece of cotton, which was kept saturated with ether and the nose of the snake was pushed against the cotton until the snake had become asphxiated. The snake put up a great resistance and the process of killing took about thirty minutes, after this time it still was not certain that the snake was dead, so to remove all doubt and for safety the snake was placed in a fifteen gallon drum with a firmly attached cover for two hours with a large piece of cotton inside also, which was saturated with ether. After two hours the snake was removed from the drum. It was then certain that the snake was dead, so the process of skinning it took place. All of the skin was removed from the body and the skin was of no use so it was thrown away. The rattles were then separated from the body at the last vertebrae and the rattles were kept in a small box for protection until they were mounted. The abdomen was then cut open and all of the inards were removed, also the soft flesh of its body was removed as much as possible with out destroying its bones. The process of maceration recommended by Libbie Hyman (Comparative Anatomy, Page 370) was used. By this process the snake was placed in a porcelin pan, which was very large, and there was enough water put in the pan to completely cover the snake at all times. Hie pan was then placed in the open air, but in a place where no foreign objects could enter the pan, such as metal and wood because such substances would discolor the bones, so to prevent this a window screen was placed over the pan. The bones were left in water until all of the flesh had become loosened, to aid this process the bones were brushed frequently with a small brush and the water was changed as often as the bones were brushed. This process was done rather than boiling, so as not to injure the bones which were small and delicate, this procedure was rather long and boredom, but nevertheless it proved beneficial. When the bones were somewhat clean the vertebre was divided into four different sections and placed in separate containers so that the bones and vertebrae would not get mixed up. Additional washing and cleaning was done in these containers and after the vertebrae were completely dean they were transfered to a small wire. The wire was small enough to go through all of the vertebrae even those small vertebrae in the tail

ANALYSIS OF JAKARTA CHINESE’ UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE CHINA “FOUR GENTLEMEN”

The Four Gentlemen is one of the traditional Chinese cultures. It refers to plum blossoms, orchids, chrysanthemums, and bamboo. It symbolizes personality and character, represents integrity, modesty, purity, and integrity. Therefore they are called "Four Gentlemen in Flowers" or "Four Gentlemen". Regarding the reservation of the Four Gentlemen of Chinese Plants, the author found that some Chinese in Jakarta still use the plants or ornaments of the Four Gentlemen in special festivals, for example: placing plum blossom ornaments at home during the Chinese New Year, hoping to get the wish of happiness, joy, and success. In order to obtain a more accurate survey analysis, the author conducted a survey of 150 Jakarta Chinese people. The survey results show that the Jakarta Chinese from three ages do not have a good understanding of the “Four Gentlemen”, especially the young people, but the older people are still relatively high in retention. Among the “Four gentlemen”, Chinese people in Jakarta have higher retention and use the ornament or plant is plum

Nrf2 deficiency influences susceptibility to steroid resistance via HDAC2 reduction

Abnormal lung inflammation and oxidant burden are associated with a significant reduction in histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) abundance and steroid resistance. We hypothesized that Nrf2 regulates steroid sensitivity via HDAC2 in response to inflammation in mouse lung. Furthermore, HDAC2 deficiency leads to steroid resistance in attenuating lung inflammatory response, which may be due to oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. Loss of antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 resulted in decreased HDAC2 in lung, and increased inflammatory lung response which was not reversed by steroid. Thus, steroid resistance or inability of steroids to control lung inflammatory response is dependent on Nrf2-HDAC2 axis. These findings have implications in steroid resistance, particularly during the conditions of oxidative stress when the lungs are more susceptible to inflammatory response, which is seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BUSINESS SOCIAL ETIQUETTE IN CHINA AND INDONESIA

With the rapid development of the world economy, business exchanges are also increasing. In today's business activities, people from many different countries can already communicate in the same language, and if you want to communicate with people from different countries, it is very important to learn each other's cultural customs and etiquette in addition to learning each other's language. As the opportunities for business exchanges between China and Indonesia have been increasing in recent years. Therefore, the comparative study of business social etiquette between China and Indonesia is relatively important, in addition to helping businessmen between China and Indonesia to better understand the business social etiquette of China and Indonesia, it can also be used to avoid misunderstandings or contradictions. This study uses questionnaire survey and comparative analysis to point out the differences in business and social etiquette between China and Indonesia and the reasons for the differences. The analysis results show that there are obvious similarities and differences between China and Indonesia in business and social etiquette, and the most obvious differences are the table manners of Chinese and Indonesian businessmen and the etiquette of avoiding taboo topics. Regarding table manners, Chinese people are more particular than Indonesians. For example, Chinese people are very particular about the arrangement of seats (advocating orderly respect, seniority, and orderliness), while Indonesian table manners are not very particular about the arrangement of seats. Generally, the older elders, masters, or people with high status are seated first, and then they are seated by themselves. However, since Chinese people's main tableware is chopsticks, most of the taboos on the table are related to chopsticks. The main tableware in Indonesia is spoons and forks, so the taboos between the two countries are quite different. Regarding the etiquette of avoiding topics, Chinese businessmen avoid discussing any political issues, whereas Indonesian businessmen avoid discussing any religious topics. The final statistical results also show that Chinese businessmen believe that the biggest reason for the differences in business and social etiquette between the two countries is that Chinese and Indonesians have different customs and habits, while Indonesian businessmen believe that it is because of the different thinking concepts between the two countries

ANALYSIS OF ASSIGNMENT FEEDBACK SATISFACTION IN MANDARIN ONLINE LEARNING (CASE STUDY IN INTEGRATED CHINESE COURSE SEMESTER 4 AND 8 MANDARIN LANGUAGE STUDY PROGRAM BUNDA MULIA UNIVERSITY)

Homework is one of the learning practice methods in the learning process. After the class, the teacher will usually provide some practice questions to the students. The purpose is to understand whether the students understand the teaching materials taught by the teacher, and also understand the student's learning situation. After the students have completed the homework given by the teacher, the teacher will go to check, correct or provide feedback. Homework feedback is a part that can't be ignored in the learning process. This is for students to find and think about their own mistakes and modify them so that the same mistakes will not happen again.With the new crown epidemic in the world in 2020, all learning activities have to be carried out online, which makes teachers and students feel very troubled during the learning process. The purpose of this research is to know how the teachers of the Chinese Department of Ciyu University give feedback to students on online teaching assignments and whether students are satisfied with the feedback online teaching assignments that teachers have given. The author collects data through questionnaires and interviews and uses SPSS 23 to count the questionnaires in this article. According to the survey, the second and fourth-grade students are satisfied with the feedback given by the teachers on the homework. The comprehensive course teachers in grades 2 and 4 have given them a variety of homework feedback, such as positive and negative feedback, direct and indirect feedback, and oral and written feedback. From these six kinds of homework feedback, teachers like to give students Direct feedback (21%) and verbal feedback (17%). According to the survey, second-grade students are satisfied with the satisfaction factor of the teacher's feedback on homework (accounting for 64.3%), the factor of students' perception of the user accounts for the highest proportion, and the factor with a relatively low proportion is the teacher's line. Teaching ability and the fourth-grade students are also satisfied with each factor (accounting for 71.7%), the highest satisfaction factor is perceived usefulness, and the relatively low satisfaction factor is the teacher's online teaching ability factor

PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS AND TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF TABU WORDS WITH THE TV SERIES "An Jia" AS AN EXAMPLE

With the development of China, the viewing frequency of TV dramas has also increased, reflecting the phenomenon that people love Chinese TV dramas. TV dramas about life are becoming more and more popular, but at the same time, taboo words often appear. Taboo words are part of linguistics. Therefore, in order to avoid communication mistakes, we need to know more about Chinese taboo words and their translation.This study uses a mixed method, that is, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. The purpose of this study is to know the types and meanings of taboo words appearing in TV dramas, the translation strategies used, and the translation problems that arise. The research object of this study is the taboo words in the TV series "An Jia". According to the analysis, titles account for 63% of the taboo words in the "An Jia" TV series, physiology accounts for 19%, animals account for 15%, death accounts for 1%, numbers account for 1%, and chatting accounts for 1% of the data. The analysis results show that some taboo words cannot be understood only from the words but also from the context. The translation strategies that appear include complete equivalence accounting for 34% of the data, literal translation accounting for 30%, free translation accounting for 23%, partial equivalence accounting for 10%, and transliteration accounting for 3% of the data. The author also found that when the translators translated taboo words, there were seven translation problems, and the translators also reduced the harsh elements of some words