Genetic divergence of rubber tree estimated by multivariate techniques and microsatellite markers

Genetic diversity of 60 Hevea genotypes, consisting of Asiatic, Amazonian, African and IAC clones, and pertaining to the genetic breeding program of the Agronomic Institute (IAC), Brazil, was estimated. Analyses were based on phenotypic multivariate parameters and microsatellites. Five agronomic descriptors were employed in multivariate procedures, such as Standard Euclidian Distance, Tocher clustering and principal component analysis. Genetic variability among the genotypes was estimated with 68 selected polymorphic SSRs, by way of Modified Rogers Genetic Distance and UPGMA clustering. Structure software in a Bayesian approach was used in discriminating among groups. Genetic diversity was estimated through Nei's statistics. The genotypes were clustered into 12 groups according to the Tocher method, while the molecular analysis identified six groups. In the phenotypic and microsatellite analyses, the Amazonian and IAC genotypes were distributed in several groups, whereas the Asiatic were in only a few. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.05 to 0.96. Both high total diversity (HT' = 0.58) and high gene differentiation (G st' = 0.61) were observed, and indicated high genetic variation among the 60 genotypes, which may be useful for breeding programs. The analyzed agronomic parameters and SSRs markers were effective in assessing genetic diversity among Hevea genotypes, besides proving to be useful for characterizing genetic variability

Low exposure long-baseline neutrino oscillation sensitivity of the DUNE experiment

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will produce world-leading neutrino oscillation measurements over the lifetime of the experiment. In this work, we explore DUNE's sensitivity to observe charge-parity violation (CPV) in the neutrino sector, and to resolve the mass ordering, for exposures of up to 100 kiloton-megawatt-years (kt-MW-yr). The analysis includes detailed uncertainties on the flux prediction, the neutrino interaction model, and detector effects. We demonstrate that DUNE will be able to unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering at a 3σ (5σ) level, with a 66 (100) kt-MW-yr far detector exposure, and has the ability to make strong statements at significantly shorter exposures depending on the true value of other oscillation parameters. We also show that DUNE has the potential to make a robust measurement of CPV at a 3σ level with a 100 kt-MW-yr exposure for the maximally CP-violating values \delta_{\rm CP}} = \pm\pi/2. Additionally, the dependence of DUNE's sensitivity on the exposure taken in neutrino-enhanced and antineutrino-enhanced running is discussed. An equal fraction of exposure taken in each beam mode is found to be close to optimal when considered over the entire space of interest

Impact of Clustering Oral Symptoms in the Pathogenesis of Radiation Caries: A Systematic Review

Radiation-related caries (RRC) is a disease with a high potential for destruction of the dentition, which impairs quality of life in head-and-neck (HN) cancer (HNC) patients who undergo radiotherapy. In light of the recently described “clustering of oral symptoms theory,” the present systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42019132709) aims to assess HN and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom clusters among HNC patients and discusses how these indirect effects of cancer therapy play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of RRC. The search was performed at PubMed, Scopus, and Embase and resulted in 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed with respect to the presence of HN/GI symptom clusters among HNC patients. The methodological data of the studies included were assessed using the MAStARI and GRADE instruments. The most prevalent reported HN symptoms were dysphagia, xerostomia, and pain. Taste alterations and fatigue were also commonly reported by the patients. Loss of appetite and weight loss were regularly reported in the studies, as well as nausea and vomiting. The results of the present study suggest that HNC treatment generates clusters of oral symptoms, leading to dietary changes, impaired oral hygiene, enamel fragility, and a highly cariogenic oral environment, which may impact the risk for RRC. A better understanding of oral symptom clustering could be of considerable clinical significance for the oral health and quality of life of HNC patients. Therefore, contemporary protocols of RRC prevention must take this broader treatment scenario of symptom clusters such as oral side effects into account

Internações por doenças respiratórias em idosos e a intervenção vacinal contra influenza no Estado de São Paulo Respiratory disease hospitalization in the elderly in the state of São Paulo and the influenza vaccine intervention

As doenças respiratórias, particularmente as pneumonias e gripes, são importante causa de internação e óbito entre os idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento da morbidade hospitalar por doenças respiratórias na população idosa do Estado de São Paulo, no período de 1995 a 2002, examinando-se a tendência das internações após a intervenção vacinal contra a influenza. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados de Autorizações de Internação Hospitalar do Ministério da Saúde. Os indicadores de morbidade, referentes às causas respiratórias selecionadas, foram: taxa de internação hospitalar por 1000 habitantes; proporção de internações por tais causas entre o total de internações; e razão entre internações mensais e o número de leitos de clínica médica disponíveis mensalmente. No Estado de São Paulo, observou-se mudança nos indicadores de morbidade após a vacinação, em ambos os sexos, com diferentes padrões entre as faixas etárias, sugerindo impacto positivo na prevenção de internações em idosos.<br>Respiratory diseases, specially pneumonia and flu-like syndromes are important causes of hospitalization and death in the population over 60 years old. The aim of this work is to evaluate nosocomial respiratory morbidity in the elderly in the state of São Paulo, from 1995 to 2002. Hospitalization trends were analyzed after the influenza vaccine intervention. The Health Ministry database on Hospitalization Authorizations (AIH) was used. Morbidity indicators for selected respiratory causes were: nosocomial hospitalization rates per 1,000 inhabitants; proportion of hospitalizations in relation to total in-patients; proportion of these causes in relation to internal medicine beds available monthly. Data suggested that influenza vaccine campaigns have changed hospitalization patterns in both genders and in age groups in the state of São Paulo