A PROSPECTIVE STUDY COMPARING TUBELESS MINI-PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY TO RETROGRADE INTRARENAL SURGERY FOR ≤2 CM RENAL STONES.

Objective: The present study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of tubeless mini-PCNL and RIRS in the management of renal stones of ⩽2 cm size. Patients and methods: This was a prospective study in 80 patients with renal stones of ⩽2 cm and were divided into two equal groups of patients choice: Group 1 were managed by tubeless mini-PCNL and Group 2 by RIRS using flexible ureteroscopy and laser. Intraoperative events like duration of surgery, stone clearance and complications were noted. Postoperative parameters taken into account were pain score, parenteral analgesic requirements, bleeding, need for blood transfusion, fever, hospital stay, cost of the procedure and number of days taken to return to normal work. Results: Both groups were comparable for preoperative parameters. Mean duration of surgery in group 1 and group 2 was 68.88 ± 7.20 minutes and 92.25 ± 14.62 minutes respectively (p<0.00001). The mean haemoglobin fall in group 1 and group 2 was 0.47±0.24 g/dl and in group 2 was 0.28±0.18 g/dl respectively (p=0.00013). In group 2, residual stones were present in 4 patients (on follow-up at 3 weeks), while in group 1 there was no residual stones. The cost of the treatment was more in the RIRS group with statistically significant difference (p<0.005). Conclusion: In a urological setup where LASER and flexible ureteroscope are not available, tubeless mini PCNL is a safe, efficacious and cost-effective option for the management of smaller (⩽ 2 cm) stones compared to RIRS procedure. Recommendations: Mini PCNL and RIRS are safe and feasible surgical options to manage ⩽ 2 cm renal stones. We recommend tubeless mini PCNL in a setup where LASER and flexible ureteroscope are not available

In Vitro plant regeneration of Cucumber (Cucumis sativum (L.) from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants

ABSTRACT In vitro plantlet regeneration has been obtained from 15-20days old seedling cotyledon and hypocotyl segments of Cucumis sativus (L.) were examined using various phytoharmons individually and in combination on Murashige and Skoo

A comparative study between HoLEP and bipolar TURP in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Introduction: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most frequent diseases in men. The laser treatment for BPH has challenged TURP due to advances in laser technology, a better understanding of tissue-laser interactions and rowing clinical experience. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of HoLEP, comparing it to Bipolar TURP. Material and methods: This was a prospective study to evaluate the outcomes in BPH patients undergoing surgery by HOLEP and Bipolar TURP done between January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 80 Patients were enrolled, 40 undergoing HoLEP and the other 40 Bipolar TURP for BPH. The procedures were performed by a single surgeon. All patients with symptomatic BPH and who were candidates for surgical treatment were included. Patients with previous prostate surgery, urethral surgery, history of prostate cancer or neurogenic bladder were excluded. Results: Baseline parameters were almost similar between both the groups in terms of age, IPSS, QOL, Q max, PVR, and gland size. Operative time and resected gland weight were more in HoLEP arm (p<0.001). Catheter time and Hospital stay were significantly low in the HoLEP group (p<0.0001). Hemoglobin drop was not significant (p=0.148). IPSS at three months was similar in both groups (p=0.608). Qmax improved significantly in both groups, with 18.87 ml/s in TURP and 17.87 ml/s in HoLEP with a p-value of 0.261. PVR and QOL were similar between the two groups (P=0.914 and P=0.781). Conclusion: Both Bipolar TURP and HoLEP were effective in relieving BOO. HoLEP has equal efficacy compared to conventional bipolar TURP, with decreased hospital stay and catheter indwelling time. The learning curve of HoLEP is steep; however, it can be overcome gradually

Hierarchical graphene oxide-Ni3S2 quantum dots nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical detection of dopamine and tyrosine

A facile synthetic strategy is demonstrated to generate nickel sulfide quantum dots (Ni3S2). The thus formed Ni3S2 quantum dots are assembled onto exfoliated graphene oxide sheets hydrothermally to form nickel sulfide-graphene oxide nanocomposite material (GO-Ni3S2). The microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of the GO-Ni3S2 nanocomposites revealed the shape, size, crystalline phases, and oxidation states (of elements) of the hybrid material. The GO-Ni3S2 nanocomposites are then coated onto the glassy carbon electrode by drop casting to form GO-Ni3S2@GCE. The modified electrode is then used to detect dopamine and tyrosine simultaneously. The effect of scan rate, analyte concentrations, pH, and interfering agents on the peak current are studied to establish a plausible mechanism for oxidizing dopamine and tyrosine at GO-Ni3S2@GCE. The GO-Ni3S2@GCE is stable for 3 weeks and ten cycles of washing with minimal loss in the peak current in each cycle. Dopamine with a concentration as low as 12 nM can be detected using the GO-Ni3S2@GCE system

Various Novel Drug Delivery Systems in Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular disease the life threatens issues in the present days, which includes other diseases like angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. The various novel drug delivery systems like transdermal patches, liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles, microbubbles, drug-eluting balloons, and an eluting drug stents are used for targeted drug delivery and improved therapeutic efficacy and showed better patient compliance in the present days

A study of Comparative analysis of fuzzy logic controller and neural network for dc–dc buck converter

This paper presents the comparative analysis between fuzzy logic controller and neural network for DC-DC Buck converter. The major drawback in the conventional buck converter is when the input voltage or load change, the output voltage also changes which reduces the overall efficiency of the buck converter. So here we are using non linear controllers for buck converter which respond quickly for perturbations and maintains the fixed load voltage even when there are non-linearity’s occurs compared to a linear controllers like P,PI,PID controllers which can’t withstand when perturbations occur. Simplicity, low cost and adaptability to the complex systems without mathematical modeling are the best features of Fuzzy Logic controller and neural networks. The Two implementations are analyzed in detail and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and results presented. Proposed approach is implemented on DC to DC step down converter for an input of 230V and performance characteristics like maximum overshoot, settling time and efficiency of the converter are studied

Kinetics of basic hydrolysis of tris (1,10-phenanthroline) iron(11) in Triton X 100/hexanol/water reverse micelles in cyclohexane

The kinetic study of dissociation of the complex tris (1,10-phenanthroline) iron(11) in the presence of OH- ion has been carried out in the water pools of non-ionic reverse micelles of Triton X 100, hexanol in cyclohexane. The reaction shows completely different kinetic features at low and high W values. The pseudo first order rate constant (kobs) varies linearly with the effective concentration of sodium hydroxide in the water pool ([OH-]e) at high values of W (W = 14.0 and 10.6), on decreasing W, the kobs versus [OH-]e plots concave upwards showing higher order dependence of kobs on [OH -]e. The kinetics has been accounted for by a mechanism involving intermediate ion-pair formation between oppositely charged ions. The significant increase in rate in reverse micellar media as compared to aqueous media is due to the lower micropolarity of the waterpools in this reverse micellar media, which facilitates the ion-pair formation between oppositely charged ions.© Elsevie

Potential of the Bioinspired CaCO₃ Microspheres Loaded with Tetracycline in Inducing Differential Cytotoxic Effects toward Noncancerous and Cancer Cells: A Cytogenetic Toxicity Assessment Using CHO Cells <i>in Vitro</i>

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)-based materials as feasible pH-sensitive drug carriers, which can actively dissolve in an acidic microenvironment of cancer cells, are finding increasing importance. This has drawn our interest in the development of a bioinspired polypeptide- mediated method to design calcium carbonate microspheres loaded with tetracycline (CaCO₃-TC) with an aim to explore its safe application in cancer therapeutics. Its therapeutic application in cancer patients essentially demands its safety information on the normal cells. Herein our study presents the <i>in vitro</i> genetic toxicological information on CaCO₃-TC using noncancerous mammalian CHO cells in comparison to bare TC at three different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 μM) selected based on the cytotoxicity data (MTT). Assessment of various end points like chromosome aberrations, micronucleus, mitotic index and effects on cell cycle distribution after 24 h post-treatment demonstrates a significant reduction in clastogenic (<i>P</i> < 0.001), aneugenic potential (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and nonmitotoxic nature of CaCO₃-TC than that of bare TC. Noticeably, as inferred from the FACS analysis on cancer cells, G₂/M phase accumulation in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), and at G₁ phase in cervical cancer cells (HeLa) reveal its potential anticancer property. On the other hand, the genotoxicity studies illustrate protective effects of CaCO₃-TC on noncancerous cells. While the pH-dependent dissolution property of the CaCO₃ matrix encasing tetracycline results in higher toxicity on cancer cells, the near neutral pH in the case of normal cells prevents complete dissolution of CaCO₃ thereby not allowing the encapsulated TC to adequately interact with the cells. Therefore, thus assembled CaCO₃ spheres not only provide a way for facile encapsulation of tetracycline under mild conditions but also result in an effective matrix for differential toxicity toward normal and cancer cells justifying its clinical development as a novel target-specific drug in therapeutic applications for metastatic cancers