Nurses’ Perceptions of Climate Change: Protocol for a Scoping Review

BackgroundClimate change is a major threat to human health. Nurses are in contact with patients suffering from the effects of climate change in their daily work. Therefore, they need to be involved in combating it at both the individual and collective levels. However, there is still very little known about nurses’ perception of climate change and their role toward it. A few recent studies have embarked on the process of examining the perceptions of these health professionals relative to climate change, but no exploratory review of the literature has been conducted on nurses’ perception of this phenomenon. ObjectiveThe purpose of this protocol is to develop a research strategy for an exploratory review of the literature focused on identifying nurses’ perceptions of climate change. MethodsFirstly, with the help of a specialized librarian, we defined keywords and their combinations, using an iterative process, to develop a documentary search strategy. This strategy was tested in the following four bibliographic databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science. A search of the grey literature will also be conducted to supplement the results of the bibliographic database search. The next step will be for 2 members of the research team to carry out a 2-stage selection process using the web-based systematic review software Covidence. They will carry out this selection process independently, with the aim of identifying relevant studies that meet the inclusion criteria for our exploratory review. Finally, data on year of publication, authors, geographic area, article type, study objectives, methodology, and key findings will be extracted from selected articles for analysis. The data will be analyzed by the research team based on an in-depth examination of the findings and will be directed toward answering the research question and fulfilling the study’s objective. ResultsThe results will help in defining nurses’ perceptions of climate change more clearly as well as the role they can play and what they need to be able to bring forward solutions to this phenomenon. The findings should also serve to guide the health sector and nursing faculty’s interventions aimed at preparing health professionals to act on the potential threats associated with climate change. ConclusionsThe preliminary search suggests a possible gap between the importance of the nursing role in addressing the health impacts of climate change and the nurses’ lack of knowledge and awareness on this matter. The results will allow for raising nurses’ awareness of their role in the fight against climate change and the ways to address its health effects. This study will also open up new research perspectives on how to equip nurses to better integrate response to climate change issues into their professional practice. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/4251

Environnement et santé publique: Fondements et pratiques [2e édition]

International audiencePesticides, pollution de l’air, de l’eau et des aliments, changements climatiques, menaces biologiques, chimiques, radiologiques, épidémies et inégalités environnementales de santé… Les sujets d’inquiétude quant aux conséquences de la dégradation de l’environnement sur notre santé sont nombreux et ont besoin d’être compris et analysés à l’aide des connaissances scientifiques actuelles. Unique dans le paysage éditorial et scientifique francophone, cet ouvrage présente les méthodes et approches de la santé publique environnementale d’aujourd’hui. Cette 2e édition s’enrichit de nouvelles perspectives comme la démarche « Une seule santé », le concept d’exposome, et offre une vision globale des impacts sanitaires des changements climatiques. Présentant les grands défis écologiques et les inégalités socio-environnementales de notre temps, plus de 150 auteurs s’appuient sur les données les plus récentes, établissent des objectifs au gré d’exemples illustrés et d’études de cas en Europe, en Afrique et en Amérique du Nord. Alors que les programmes axés sur la santé publique, la santé environnementale, la santé au travail et les sciences de l’environnement connaissent un engouement sans précédent, cet ouvrage est une référence pour les étudiants, enseignants, chercheurs et professionnels de ces disciplines, ainsi que pour les organisations publiques et associatives dans toute la francophonie. (R.A.

Chapitre 18. Surveillance

International audienceL’épisode de choléra à Londres en 1849 lors duquel John Snow fut le premier à mettre en évidence un agrégat de cas autour d’un point d’eau contaminé est l’un des premiers jalons de la surveillance en hygiène environnementale (Astagneau et Ancelle, 2011). L’histoire de la surveillance s’inscrit d’abord dans la gestion des contacts des personnes ayant des maladies transmissibles graves (peste, typhus, variole, fièvre jaune, etc.) (Thacker et Birkhead, 2008). Ces maladies étaient associées à des éclosions rapides et à des taux de mortalité élevés. L’un des objectifs de la surveillance était alors de détecter précocement les cas pour les isoler et prévenir la propagation des maladies. À partir des années 1940, le docteur Langmuir et ses collègues ont développé une nouvelle vision de la surveillance en s’intéressant à l’incidence des maladies dans une population donnée plutôt qu’aux cas (le nombre absolu sans dénominateur), permettant ainsi la formalisation du concept de « surveillance sanitaire » (Langmuir, 1963).Depuis, l’adoption d’une vision holistique de la santé incluant les déterminants de santé que sont les facteurs personnels, sociaux, économiques et environnementaux a permis l’émergence de la surveillance dans d’autres sphères que celles des maladies transmissibles, comme les maladies chroniques d’origine environnementale ou encore différents événements de santé (accidents domestiques, tentatives de suicide…). Ce chapitre fait un tour d’horizon de la surveillance en santé environnementale, en présente les principaux concepts et l’illustre par des études de cas

Mapping of the legionellosis cases around the outbreak source.

<p>Ninety six percent (96%) of the cases were within 3 km (area 1) of the cooling tower responsible for the outbreak (identified by the black dot). The remaining cases were within 11 km of the outbreak source (area 2).</p

Production of biofilms by <i>L. pneumophila</i> serogroup 1 strains.

<p>One strain from patient (ID119442), one strain from the outbreak source's cooling tower (ID120292), and three from environment (other that the outbreak source) (ID120145, ID120086 and ID 120329) were tested. Star represent difference statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.0065) with control strain JR32. Error bars represent standard deviations derived from four independent experiments.</p

Genetic characterization of <i>Legionella</i> isolates collected during the 2012 Quebec City outbreak compared to other strains involved in large epidemics.

a<p>Patient isolates related to the outbreak (patient), patient isolates obtained in the same period of time from elsewhere in the province of Quebec (contemporary), a subset of environmental isolates with different PFGE pattern than the epidemic strain (environment), isolates from the environmental source of the outbreak (source) and isolates from a former outbreak in the same area in 1996.</p>b<p>One patient isolate had no plasmid (ID102206) and one patient isolate had only the 51.5 kb plasmid (ID120070).</p>c<p>A 131.9 kb plasmid was present (plasmid pLPP accession number NC_006365).</p>d<p>A 59.8 kb plasmid was present (plasmid pLPL accession number NC_006366).</p

Interaction of <i>L. pneumophila</i> serogroup 1 strains with host cells.

<p>One strain from patient (ID119442), one strain from the outbreak source's cooling tower (ID120292), and three from environment (other that the outbreak source) (ID120145, ID120086 and ID120329) were tested. JR32 and an isogenic <i>dotA</i> deficient strain was used as a negative control for intracellular multiplication (ICM) and cytotoxicity. A) ICM in infected human macrophages (THP-1) and <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii</i> (AC). The data represent the ratio between the CFU at time 72 h and the CFU at time 0. Star represent difference statistically significant (<i>P</i><0.01). B) Evaluation of cytotoxicity on the viability of THP-1 cells after infection for 5 days with the MTT assay. The star represents difference statistically significant (<i>P</i><0.01). Error bars represent standard deviations derived from three independent experiments.</p

Presence of selected Icm/Dot effectors in strains isolated in Quebec City.

a<p>Patient isolates related to the outbreak (patient), a subset of environmental isolates with different PFGE pattern than the epidemic strain (environment), isolates from a former outbreak in the same area in 1996 and other clinical strains (Lens, Corby, Lorraine, Philadelphia-1, Paris and HL06041035).</p