Periodontal Management of Non Healing Endodontic Lesion– A Case Report

The fact that the periodontium is anatomically interrelated with the dental pulp by virtue of apical foramina and lateral canals creates pathways for exchange of noxious agents between the two tissue compartments when either or both of the tissues are diseased. Proper diagnosis of the various disorders affecting the periodontium and the pulp is important to exclude unnecessary and even detrimental treatment. This is a clinical case report of an enododontic–periodontic lesion in relation to lower left central incisor. Root canal treatment has been done with the respected tooth six months ago, but the lesion showed no sign of healing resulting in draining sinus and increasing pocket depth. Radiographic examination revealed over-obturation of gutta-percha with peri-radicular pathology. Periodontal flap surgery was performed and the defect was filled with bone graft mixed with Platelet rich plasma (PRP) and covered by platelet rich fibrin (PRF). Patient reviewed for six months which showed uneventful healing and no recurrence of the lesion

Engineering teaching: simulation, industry 4.0 and big data

In the educational field, there is a paradigm shift, where the focus is on the student and his active role in the training process, and where there is a turn that involves moving from content teaching to the training of competences. This necessarily requires higher education institutions to articulate innovation processes that involve the entire academic community. On the other hand, in the current context of technological development and innovation, companies, particularly manufacturing companies, are committed to reviewing and adapting their processes to what has been called Industry 4.0, a circumstance that entails the need to require new professional profiles that have competencies not only technological, but fundamentally those that will allow them to be competitive in a world where technology is renewed at an ever-increasing speed. The work presents implementation of innovation strategies in the teaching methodology from the integration of simulation software under the educational format of Problem-Based Teaching, which on the one hand aims to develop various competencies increase levels of motivation and satisfaction

Galaxy number counts in the Hubble Deep Field as a strong constraint on a hierarchical galaxy formation model

Number counts of galaxies are re-analyzed using a semi-analytic model (SAM) of galaxy formation based on the hierarchical clustering scenario. We have determined the astrophysical parameters in the SAM that reproduce observations of nearby galaxies, and used them to predict the number counts and redshifts of faint galaxies for three cosmological models for (1) the standard cold dark matter (CDM) universe, (2) a low-density flat universe with nonzero cosmological constant, and (3) a low-density open universe with zero cosmological constant. The novelty of our SAM analysis is the inclusion of selection effects arising from the cosmological dimming of surface brightness of high-redshift galaxies, and also from the absorption of visible light by internal dust and intergalactic \ion{H}{1} clouds. Contrary to previous SAM analyses which do not take into account such selection effects, we find, from comparison with observed counts and redshifts of faint galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field (HDF), that the standard CDM universe is {\it not} preferred, and a low-density universe either with or without cosmological constant is favorable, as suggested by other recent studies. Moreover, we find that a simple prescription for the time scale of star formation (SF), being proportional to the dynamical time scale of the formation of the galactic disk, is unable to reproduce the observed number- redshift relation for HDF galaxies, and that the SF time scale should be nearly independent of redshift, as suggested by other SAM analyses for the formation of quasars and the evolution of damped Ly-$\alpha$ systems.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, LaTeX, using emulateapj5.st

Galaxy Number Counts in the Subaru Deep Field: Multi-band Analysis in a Hierarchical Galaxy Formation Model

Number counts of galaxies are re-analyzed using a semi-analytic model (SAM) of galaxy formation based on the hierarchical clustering scenario. Faint galaxies in the Subaru Deep Field (SDF) and the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) are compared with our model galaxies. We have determined the astrophysical parameters in the SAM that reproduce observations of nearby galaxies, and used them to predict the number counts and redshifts of faint galaxies for three cosmological models, the standard cold dark matter (CDM) universe, a flat lambda-CDM, and an open CDM. The novelty of our SAM analysis is the inclusion of selection effects arising from the cosmological dimming of surface brightness of high-z galaxies, and from the absorption of visible light by internal dust and intergalactic HI clouds. As was found in our previous work, in which the UV/optical HDF galaxies were compared with our model galaxies, we find that our SAM reproduces counts of near-IR SDF galaxies in low-density models, and that the standard CDM universe is not preferred, as suggested by other recent studies. Moreover, we find that simple prescriptions for (1) the timescale of star formation being proportional to the dynamical time scale of the formation of galactic disks, (2) the size of galactic disks being rotationally supported with the same specific angular momentum as that of surrounding dark halo, and (3) the dust optical depth being proportional to the metallicity of cold gas, cannot completely explain all of observed data. Improved prescriptions incorporating mild z-dependence for those are suggested from our SAM analysis.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, to appear in Ap

Quantum fluctuations and CMB anisotropies in one-bubble open inflation models

We first develop a method to calculate a complete set of mode functions which describe the quantum fluctuations generated in one-bubble open inflation models. We consider two classes of models. One is a single scalar field model proposed by Bucher, Goldhaber and Turok and by us as an example of the open inflation scinario, and the other is a two-field model such as the ``supernatural'' inflation proposed by Linde and Mezhlumian. In both cases we assume the difference in the vacuum energy density between inside and outside the bubble is negligible. There are two kinds of mode functions. One kind has usual continuous spectrum and the other has discrete spectrum with characteristic wavelengths exceeding the spatial curvature scale. The latter can be further devided into two classes in terms of its origin. One is called the de Sitter super-curvature mode, which arises due to the global spacetime structure of de Sitter space, and the other is due to fluctuations of the bubble wall. We calculate the spectrum of quantum fluctuations in these models and evaluate the resulting large angular scale CMB anisotropies. We find there are ranges of model parameters that are consistent with observed CMB anisotropies.Comment: 22 pages revtex file, 12 postscript figures, tarred, gzippe

Hybrid cloud computing architecture based on open source technology

The advance of technologies such as distributed computing, Internetand grid computing, have enabled Cloud Computing to become part of a new model of computing and business. Cloud Computing is transforming the traditional ways in which companies use and acquire Information Technology (IT) resources. After an initial boom in Public Cloud, companies begun to mount hybrid Clouds that offer the advantages of Cloud Computing in addition to the privacy of data they consider strategic. A hybrid Cloud solution allows the integration of both systems. Leading companies in cloud solutions have understood this evolution and begun to offer hybrid solutions. Moreover, many of these companies are taking the next step by offering solutions based on open source standards that allow a high degree of interoperability and portability

DT/T beyond linear theory

The major contribution to the anisotropy of the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation is believed to come from the interaction of linear density perturbations with the radiation previous to the decoupling time. Assuming a standard thermal history for the gas after recombination, only the gravitational field produced by the linear density perturbations present on a $\Omega\neq 1$ universe can generate anisotropies at low z (these anisotropies would manifest on large angular scales). However, secondary anisotropies are inevitably produced during the nonlinear evolution of matter at late times even in a universe with a standard thermal history. Two effects associated to this nonlinear phase can give rise to new anisotropies: the time-varying gravitational potential of nonlinear structures (Rees-Sciama RS effect) and the inverse Compton scattering of the microwave photons with hot electrons in clusters of galaxies (Sunyaev-Zeldovich SZ effect). These two effects can produce distinct imprints on the CMB temperature anisotropy. We discuss the amplitude of the anisotropies expected and the relevant angular scales in different cosmological scenarios. Future sensitive experiments will be able to probe the CMB anisotropies beyong the first order primary contribution.Comment: plain tex, 16 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of the Laredo Advance School on Astrophysics "The universe at high-z, large-scale structure and the cosmic microwave background". To be publised by Springer-Verla

Dark matter and structure formation a review

This paper provides a review of the variants of dark matter which are thought to be fundamental components of the universe and their role in origin and evolution of structures and some new original results concerning improvements to the spherical collapse model. In particular, I show how the spherical collapse model is modified when we take into account dynamical friction and tidal torques

Higher-Order Gravitational Perturbations of the Cosmic Microwave Background

We study the behavior of light rays in perturbed Robertson-Walker cosmologies, calculating the redshift between an observer and the surface of last scattering to second order in the metric perturbation. At first order we recover the classic results of Sachs and Wolfe, and at second order we delineate the various new effects which appear; there is no {\it a priori} guarantee that these effects are significantly smaller than those at first order, since there are large length scales in the problem which could lead to sizable prefactors. We find that second order terms of potential observational interest may be interpreted as transverse and longitudinal lensing by foreground density perturbations, and a correction to the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect.Comment: 21 pages, one figure; minor corrections, new reference

Sustainability of bridge maintenance

Bridge maintenance activities are important to consider within sustainable development due to the cost and environmental impact associated with various maintenance activities. Comparisons have been made between different bridge structural forms, based on materials, components and construction method, but less information is available on bridge maintenance activities to help decide a sustainable structural form. Typical maintenance aspects of the predominant forms of bridge structure (i.e. concrete, steel and masonry bridges) were considered in this study to reveal their sustainability in terms of materials, energy, transportation, human health and ecosystems. The results indicate that concrete and steel bridge maintenance activities have an average impact of 42% and 46% compared with 12% for masonry bridge maintenance activities. It is concluded that the component parts of concrete and steel bridges should be revised as they play an integral role in the selection of maintenance options