Object and event representation in 6-1/2-month-old infants.

Thesis (M.S.

An Investigation of Black and White College Students’ Knowledge About the Long-Term Effects of ACEs

In the past twenty years, multiple studies have shown the relationship between childhood adversity and later negative health consequences. Yet the extent to which the public is aware of this relationship is unclear. We surveyed Black and White college students about their knowledge of the long-term effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). Students read vignettes comparing children exposed and unexposed to ACEs, and predicted their mental, physical, and social health as adults. Participants were aware of the effect of ACEs on later mental and social health, but not as aware of the risks on physical health. Black and White students had similar knowledge, but Black students attributed some childhood adversity (e.g., physical abuse) as having less impact in adulthood than White participants. These results offer insight into the beliefs of college students and could serve as a basis for targeted interventions aimed at raising awareness and preventing adversity

Construire des pratiques participatives dans les bibliothèques

Participer et faire participer les citoyens, les publics ? Qui participe, comment et jusqu’où ? Que devient le professionnel avec ce nouveau paradigme ? Comment emporter l’adhésion des habitants ? De plus en plus de bibliothèques s’engagent activement dans la participation, selon des modalités et des niveaux d’implication variés. Cette mutation des pratiques renouvelle les réflexions engagées autour des publics : ne plus seulement mettre les publics au centre du cercle mais créer les conditions pour les accompagner à dessiner ce cercle. Empowerment, co-construction, crowdsourcing, savoirs partagés, participation démocratique… cet ouvrage permet de clarifier les notions attachées aux dynamiques participatives et propose un cadre de réflexion qui permettra aux bibliothécaires de construire leurs modes d’action entre PirateBox, BiblioRemix, comités d’usagers, design de service et autres formes de projets participatifs. Organisé en trois parties - Repenser la bibliothèque ensemble, Partager les savoirs, Décider ensemble ? – ce volume présente également un ensemble de témoignages de praticiens du sujet, en France et aux États-Unis, de la préfiguration d’une bibliothèque à son réaménagement, en passant par la création de plateformes collaboratives et de nouveaux services. L’expérience d’un musée et l’aventure d’un centre social viennent enrichir le panorama

Effects of repeated heelsticks on premature newborns

Premature newborns were observed longitudinally while undergoing heelsticks. Behavioral and cardiac measures were taken over 5 tests days. On Tests 1, 3, and 5, the phlebotomist picked up the baby\u27s leg and held it for 10 s and then proceeded to collect blood. This manipulation was geared towards observing whether, over days, babies learned that the pick-up of the leg was predictive of a painful event. Infants\u27 reactions were also observed during the invasive parts of the blood collection. It was hypothesized that if infants increased their reactivity to the leg pickup over days, it would suggest that this neutral event had acquired signal value for the subsequent painful stimulus. If infants\u27 response to the heelstick itself increased over days, this could be due to either maturation, sensitization and/or anticipation. However, if infants decreased their reactivity, it could be due to a specific learning mechanism, Stress-Induced-Analgesia. Results or the leg pick-up yielded a marginally significant cardiac increase on the final test day, suggesting anticipation. Infants demonstrated reliable behavioral and cardiac reactions to the heelstick but no change was observed in reactivity over days. Behavioral pain reactions were positively related with gestational age at Test 1, 2, 4 and 5. A greater number of heelsticks was related to fewer facial reactions at Test 5. Further research needs to be done to specify the nature of anticipation and to separate the effects of gestational age and number of invasive procedures on facial reactivity

Connaissance implicite du corps au début de la vie

Implicit knowledge of the body in infancy It is proposed that long before two-year-old children show signs of mirror self- recognition, manifesting an explicit, conceptual sense of themselves, infants already have an implicit sense of their own body. This implicit sense of self corresponds to a sense of the body as a differentiated entity, situated and agent among other physical objects in the environment. It is also the sense of the body as a spatially and temporally organized entity, capable of feelings and emotions, capable in particular of modulating its affectivity in the reciprocal exchanges with other people. It is proposed that these different aspects of an early sense of the body form the basis for later development of a conceptual and explicit sense of self.Cet article propose que bien avant que le jeune enfant puisse se reconnaître dans le miroir et identifier l'image spéculaire du corps propre, le bébé manifeste dès les tout débuts de la vie une connaissance implicite de son corps. Cette connaissance correspond au sens du corps comme entité différenciée, située, et agent parmi d'autres objets de l'environnement. C'est aussi le sens d'un corps qui est organisé spatio- temporellement, capable de ressentir des émotions et de moduler son affectivité dans les échanges réciproques avec autrui. Ces aspects d'une connaissance implicite précoce du corps seraient précurseurs du développement ultérieur d'une connaissance « réfléchissante » explicite et conceptuelle de soi.Rochat Philippe, Goubet Nathalie. Connaissance implicite du corps au début de la vie. In: Enfance, n°3, 2000. Le bébé, le geste et la trace, sous la direction de André Bullinger. pp. 275-285

Le bébé prématuré, acteur de son développement.

Premature newborns can serve their own development The premature newborn' s environment attempts to care for physiological needs but does not allow for an optimum sensorimotor development. Indeed, the lack of coherence between sensory flows makes it difficult for the baby to adapt to the environment. Stressful and painful situations are frequent in the intensive care unit and the premature baby shows, through physiological and behavioral indices, a sensitivity to these situations. A longitudinal study on the effects of repeated painful stimulations showed an increase in heart rate when a difficult procedure was about to start, and habituation depending on the number of procedures a baby had undergone. The premature baby seems able to interpret some events of the environment ; this ability should encourage caretakers to pay more attention to indices displayed by babies in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.Le milieu dans lequel le nouveau-né prématuré est placé tente de satisfaire ses besoins physiologiques. Il ne recèle pourtant pas les qualités permettant un développement optimal des systèmes sensori-moteurs. En particulier, la non-cohérence des flux sensoriels rend l'appropriation de son milieu difficile. Dans cet environnement les situations de stress et de douleur sont fréquentes et le bébé prématuré montre à travers des indices physiologiques et comportementaux sa sensibilité à ces situations. L'étude longitudinale des effets de stimulations douloureuses répétées permet de montrer une accélération du rythme cardiaque à l'approche d'une situation pénible ainsi qu'un effet d'habituation lié au nombre de stimulations. Ainsi le nouveau-né prématuré semble capable d'interpréter certains gestes de son environnement ; cette capacité devrait amener les soignants à porter une attention accrue aux indices que fournit le bébé lors de son séjour en unité de soins intensifs.Bullinger André, Goubet Nathalie. Le bébé prématuré, acteur de son développement.. In: Enfance, n°1, 1999. Les prématurés, sous la direction de Daniel Mellier. pp. 27-32

"Peut-on optimiser la prise en charge pré-hospitalière des syndromes coronaires aigus ?" (essai sur la stratification du risque à propos de 153 patients)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Seeing odors in color: Cross-modal associations in children and adults from two cultural environments

International audienceWe investigated the occurrence and underlying processes of odor–color associations in French and American 6- to 10-year-old children (n = 386) and adults (n = 137). Nine odorants were chosen according to their familiarity to either cultural group. Participants matched each odor with a color, gave hedonic and familiarity judgments, and identified each odor. By 6 years of age, children displayed culture-specific odor–color associations, but age differences were noted in the type of associations. Children and adults in both cultural groups shared common associations and formed associations that were unique to their environment, underscoring the importance of exposure learning in odor–color associations

Concordances et discordances entre sensorialité et écologie néonatales : attentes sensorielles et réponses adaptatives chez l'enfant prématuré

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