Fundamental Vibrational Transitions of HCl Detected in CRL 2136

We would like to understand the chemistry of dense clouds and their hot cores more quantitatively by obtaining more complete knowledge of the chemical species present in them. We have obtained high-resolution infrared absorption spectroscopy at 3-4 um toward the bright infrared source CRL 2136. The fundamental vibration-rotation band of HCl has been detected within a dense cloud for the first time. The HCl is probably located in the warm compact circumstellar envelope or disk of CRL 2136. The fractional abundance of HCl is (4.9-8.7)e-8, indicating that approximately 20 % of the elemental chlorine is in gaseous HCl. The kinetic temperature of the absorbing gas is 250 K, half the value determined from infrared spectroscopy of 13CO and water. The percentage of chlorine in HCl is approximately that expected for gas at this temperature. The reason for the difference in temperatures between the various molecular species is unknown.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, A&A in pres

Charmless B→PV,VVB \to PV, VV decays and new physics effects in the mSUGRA model

By employing the QCD factorization approach, we calculate the new physics contributions to the branching radios of the two-body charmless $B \to PV$ and $B \to VV$ decays in the framework of the minimal supergravity (mSUGRA) model. we choose three typical sets of the mSUGRA input parameters in which the Wilson coefficient $C_{7\gamma}(m_b)$ can be either SM-like (the case A and C) or has a flipped-sign (the case B). We found numerically that (a) the SUSY contributions are always very small for both case A and C; (b) for those tree-dominated decays, the SUSY contributions in case B are also very small; (c) for those QCD penguin-dominated decay modes, the SUSY contributions in case B can be significant, and can provide an enhancement about $30$ to the branching ratios of $B \to K^*(\pi,\phi,\rho)$ and $K \phi$ decays, but a reduction about $30$ to $B\to K(\rho, \omega)$ decays; and (d) the large SUSY contributions in the case B may be masked by the large theoretical errors dominated by the uncertainty from our ignorance of calculating the annihilation contributions in the QCD factorization approach.Comment: 34 pages, 8 PS figures, this is the correct version

Evaluation of juxta-apical radiolucency in cone beam CT images

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyse the position and relationship of juxta-apical radiolucency (JAR) to the mandibular canal and buccal and/or lingual cortical plates using cone beam CT (CBCT). METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out to analyse the JAR on CBCT for 27 patients. These findings were compared with 27 age- and sex-matched patients without the presence of JAR, which acted as the control group. The CBCT images were analysed according to a checklist, to evaluate the position of the JAR and its relationship to the mandibular canal. Then, any thinning or perforation of either the buccal or lingual cortical plate due to JAR was noted, and a classification to quantify the thinning of cortical plates was proposed. The findings in the two groups were analysed using a paired comparison by McNemar test. RESULTS: A statistical increased thinning of cortical plates was seen in the JAR group compared with the control group, and most of the cases were in the J3 group. None of the patients in either the JAR or the control group showed perforation of the buccal and/or lingual cortical plate on CBCT images. CONCLUSIONS: A classification to quantify the thinning of cortical plates was proposed, which may be used for objective evaluation of the thinning of the cortical plates in future studies. The present study gives an insight into the relationship of the juxta-apical area with the mandibular canal and cortical plates in the mandible using CBCT.published_or_final_versio

Endothelin XIII

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Expression of multi-copy flavonoid pathway genes coincides with anthocyanin, flavonol and flavan-3-ol accumulation of grapevine

The biosynthetic pathways of main grape flavonoids: anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols, hold in common the early step enzymes of biosynthetic pathway: chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), the genes of which are multi-copied in the grape genome. The ratios of mRNA levels of the three Chss (Chs1, Chs2, and Chs3), as well as those of the two Chis (Chi1 and Chi2) and those of the two F3hs (F3h1 and F3h2), were different among organs, even though no organ-specificity was observed in the strictest sense. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the transcription of particular genes significantly coincided with the biosynthesis of a particular flavonoid: the transcription of Chi2 coincided with flavan-3-ol; Chs1, Chs2, F3h1, and F3h2 with flavonol; and Chs2, Chs3, and F3h2 with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Thus, the transcription of these multi-copy genes is likely induced differently for the biosyntheses of anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols.

O(αs)O(\alpha_s) Corrections to B→Xse+e−B \to X_s e^+ e^- Decay in the 2HDM

$O(\alpha_s)$ QCD corrections to the inclusive $B \to X_s e^+ e^-$ decay are investigated within the two - Higgs doublet extension of the standard model (2HDM). The analysis is performed in the so - called off-resonance region; the dependence of the obtained results on the choice of the renormalization scale is examined in details. It is shown that $O(\alpha_s)$ corrections can suppress the $B \to X_s e^+ e^-$ decay width up to $1.5 \div 3$ times (depending on the choice of the dilepton invariant mass $s$ and the low - energy scale $\mu$). As a result, in the experimentally allowed range of the parameters space, the relations between the $B \to X_s e^+ e^-$ branching ratio and the new physics parameters are strongly affected. It is found also that though the renormalization scale dependence of the $B \to X_s e^+ e^-$ branching is significantly reduced, higher order effects in the perturbation theory can still be nonnegligible.Comment: 16 pages, latex, including 6 figures and 3 table

Environmental dependence of 8um luminosity functions of galaxies at z~0.8: Comparison between RXJ1716.4+6708 and the AKARI NEP deep field

We aim to reveal environmental dependence of infrared luminosity functions (IR LFs) of galaxies at z~0.8 using the AKARI satellite. We construct restframe 8um IR LFs in the cluster region RXJ1716.4+6708 at z=0.81, and compare them with a blank field using the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole deep field data at the same redshift. AKARI's wide field of view (10'x10') is suitable to investigate wide range of galaxy environments. AKARI's 15um filter is advantageous here since it directly probes restframe 8um at z~0.8, without relying on a large extrapolation based on a SED fit, which was the largest uncertainty in previous work. We have found that cluster IR LFs at restframe 8um have a factor of 2.4 smaller L^* and a steeper faint-end slope than that of the field. Confirming this trend, we also found that faint-end slopes of the cluster LFs becomes flatter and flatter with decreasing local galaxy density. These changes in LFs cannot be explained by a simple infall of field galaxy population into a cluster. Physics that can preferentially suppress IR luminous galaxies in high density regions is required to explain the observed results.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A AKARI special issu

Study of Magnetic Excitation in Singlet-Ground-State Magnets CsFeCl3_3 and RbFeCl3_3 by Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation

The temperature dependences of spin-lattice relaxation time $T_1$ of $^{133}$Cs in CsFeCl$_3$ and $^{87}$Rb in RbFeCl$_3$ were measured in the temperature range between 1.5 K and 22 K, at various fields up to 7 T applied parallel (or perpendicular) to the c-axis, and the analysis was made on the basis of the DCEFA. The mechanism of the nuclear magnetic relaxation is interpreted in terms of the magnetic fluctuations which are characterized by the singlet ground state system. In the field region where the phase transition occurs, $T_1^{-1}$ exhibited the tendency of divergence near $T_{\rm N}$, and this feature was ascribed to the transverse spin fluctuation associated with the mode softening at the $K$-point. It was found that the damping constant of the soft mode is remarkably affected by the occurrence of the magnetic ordering at lower temperature, and increases largely in the field region where the phase transition occurs.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp