Scattered Dropping Attack on TCP-Based Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Scattered Dropping Attack (SDA) is a simple yet very powerful denial of service (DoS) attack that is effective on both TCP and UDP based MANETs. The simulation results clearly show the impact of proposed attack on the network throughput, bandwidth wastage and received data quality. It has also been observed that even though the TCP congestion control is adaptable to the packet losses but in case of the dropping attack it is fully unable to detect whether the packet drop is the result of the attacker misbehaving or it is due to the congestion or other wireless environmental problem

A Landau fluid model for warm collisionless plasmas

A Landau fluid model for a collisionless electron-proton magnetized plasma, that accurately reproduces the dispersion relation and the Landau damping rate of all the magnetohydrodynamic waves, is presented. It is obtained by an accurate closure of the hydrodynamic hierarchy at the level of the fourth order moments, based on linear kinetic theory. It retains non-gyrotropic corrections to the pressure and heat flux tensors up to the second order in the ratio between the considered frequencies and the ion cyclotron frequency.Comment: to appear in Phys. Plasma

A Review Paper on Single Area and Two Area Interconnected Power System using Pid Controller in Load Frequency Control

The main frequency control objective is that to regulate the load of receiving, generating and distributing end within generator via interconnected system. It is stimulated through MATLAB. In this we use time domain simulations to prove the scalability in 3 area interconnected Also to control the performance of two and three area network with or without deregulated power system. The main idea to minimize the oscillations throughout the load.[1] To compensate this power imbalance, an external Battery system is incorporated. Oscillations due to large frequency can be damped by devices such as Battery systems and load disturbances also. The sudden changes inpower devices calm down by battery . Thisreview paper presents the qualitative and quantitative comparison of controllers in an conventional way and Battery system in LFC to a typical interconnected power system. The verstality of the performance of BES over conventional controllers is highlighted.[2

Health issues of the indigenous communities with special reference to the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of Odisha: a review

As India is a country in epidemiological transition, the indigenous populations agonise from a dual burden of illnesses, including undernutrition, infectious diseases and lifestyle-related issues like hypertension, obesity and diabetes. Few concrete efforts have been made to understand these emerging public health problems with emphasis on the indigenous populations living in this country. This review paper focuses on the epidemiological transition, prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases, nutritional status, dual burden of malnutrition and the availability, acceptability and accessibility of the health care services among the tribal communities with special emphasis on the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of Odisha. This study is based on the review of published articles in different online databases using search engines like Google Scholar, Pub Med, INFLIBNET, JSTOR. A total of 195 articles published during the period from 1956 to 2022 were reviewed. The review is focussed on the indigenous populations living in the Indian state of Odisha. Migration and urbanization are the leading causes of epidemiological transition among them. The health scenario in terms of nutritional status, disease burden and availability of health care facilities of Odisha was found to be far behind the national average. Compared to other groups, the situation of the PVTGs of this state is the worst. The review suggests more action-oriented ground level research with targeted goals that would address the health needs of the indigenous populations at a micro level

Association of sociodemographic variables with nutritional status among the college girls of Howrah, West Bengal, India

Nutritional status of young adult girls is very essential since they are future mothers, and their nutritional requirements increase tremendously compared to the preceding years of growth. The present study was an endeavour to assess the nutritional status and to find an association between sociodemographic variables and nutritional status among young adult college girls of Howrah, West Bengal. The study included a total of 140 college girls aged between 18 to 20 years. The sociodemographic data were collected by the interview method using a pretested standard structured schedule. The anthropometric data were measured by the standard protocol. For the comparison of anthropometric data, growth charts of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were used. The anthropometric measures like weight, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), suprailiac skinfold, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waistheight ratio (WHtR) show an increasing trend according to age groups. Based on BMI, 25.7% of the young adult college girls were found to be underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), which includes chronic energy deficiency (CED) grade I (13.6%), chronic energy deficiency (CED) grade II (7.9%) and chronic energy deficiency (CED) grade III (4.3%). BMI for age (< 5th percentile) or thinness showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) according to age. Similarly, stature for age (< 5th percentile) or stunting shows a significant association (p < 0.05) with father’s education, and underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) shows a significant association (p < 0.05) with monthly family household income. The results of linear regression show that sociodemographic variables and food habits were significant predictors of various anthropometric measures. Monthly family income and frequency of eating fast food per week were significant predictors of BMI and MUAC, and the age of the participant and the education of the mother were significant predictors of WHR, and family income per month and the age of the participant were significant predictors of WHtR. Thus, the present study provides a podium for further studies to combat the effect of undernutrition among future mothers and instigates effective nutritional intervention strategies entailing this vulnerable group

A rare case of recurrent hypoglycaemia

Very often clinicians are confronted with unconscious patients; the cause being hypoglycaemia. In addition to correction of hypoglycaemia promptly, a search for the cause of hypoglycaemia must be attempted at the earliest with a stepwise approach. Here, the authors present a rare case of recurrent hypoglycaemia where a stepwise approach ultimately led to a diagnosis, but there were various reports which were misleading. The diagnosis was insulinoma which was apparent from the history and presenting features. But, the initial investigations, even though having high sensitivity, were normal, thus leading to a more invasive approach. The patient was ultimately cured by enucleation

A study of high sensitive C-reactive protein in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not only merely limited to joints but has many extraarticular features. The major cause of mortality in RA is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inflammation in RA predispose them to succumb to CVD. The aim of this study to observe whether therapy with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) decreases inflammation and if it does so than it can be said that decrease the risk to develop CVD. Aim and objectives were to assess hs-CRP level in early and established RA both at diagnosis and again at 3 months of DMARD therapy and compare between them.Methods: Total 58 early RA (group A) and 58 established (group B) DMARD naïve RA patients were included in the study. Age, BMI, haemoglobin, random blood sugar, lipid profile, ESR, hs-CRP, RA factor and anti-CCP were measured. All of them were treated with DMARD and hs-CRP was again assessed after 3 months.Results: The mean hs-CRP level at diagnosis was 6.14±1.90 mg/l in group A while it was 10.39±3.13 mg/l in group B. The mean hs-CRP level after 3 months of DMARD was 2.56±1.35mg/l in group A while it was 7.91±3.13 mg/l in group B. The mean reduction in hs-CRP level in early RA (3.58±0.99 mg/l) was statistically significantly (p<0.001) higher than that in established RA (2.48±0.09 mg/l).  Conclusions: DMARD decreases level of inflammation in RA more efficiently if initiated early in the course of the disease

Total vaginal hysterectomy: outcome analysis of 108 cases at a tertiary centre

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate, analyze the indications of surgery, patients profile with respect to age group, parity, and comorbidities, intraoperative techniques, intra and post-operative complications and post-operative recovery.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional descriptive study of 108 cases was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary hospital over a period of one year. All patients admitted with benign gynecological conditions of the uterus were included in study. The patients with uterine prolapse, uterine size >16wks and more than one previous sections were excluded from the study.Results: Among all the indications of TVH, abnormal uterine bleeding was the most common. Mean age group was 44.89 years and the mean parity was 2. Majority of the patients had no intra and post-operative complications. Postoperative recovery was good with shorter hospital stay.Conclusions: TVH should be promoted as the route of choice for all benign gynaecological conditions. It is safe to do TVH in patients who are at poor general anaesthesia risk. In a state like Uttarakhand where medical facilities are hard to avail due to difficult geographic terrain, TVH has a special role .In lack of endoscopic facility, trained medical and paramedical staff and lack of postoperative monitoring instead of; there is a need to promote TVH. To top it all, TVH is the most cost effective route of hysterectomy. It is truly the natural orifice scarless surgery

Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and anthelmintic activity of Polygonum muricatum

Polygonum muricatum is widely used by the local people of Meghalaya for anthelmintics. An attempt has been made to evaluate the pharmacognostical, preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological parameters of leaves of Polygonum muricatum. The physicochemical constants like moisture content, ash values such as total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash, extractive values such as water soluble extractive value and alcohol soluble extractive value were determined. The extract obtained by successive solvent extraction was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis to find out the presence of compounds. The plant Polygonum muricatum leaves were extracted with the solvent benzene, acetone, ethanol and water by soxhlet apparatus method. The extract was evaluated for anthelmintic activity with Indian earthworm. Ethanol extract of the plant Polygonum muricatum has shown the significant activity