RNA Vaccine: novel approach for cancer treatment

Cancer is still an unsolved puzzle and a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Today, about one in every thousand people is dying due to cancer. No effective agent has yet been found which can cure cancer in its metastatic stage. However, attempts in the shape of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and vaccines are made worldwide to find a remedy through a proper regimen. In continuation, tumor specific mRNA has been introduced as part of vaccines in recent days. It is mostly used in transfection with Dendritic Cells (DCs) for better effectiveness and safety. The DCs are selected for transfection because they are highly potent Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) with the ability to take up & process tumor antigen in peripheral blood & tissues and can also migrate to the draining lymph nodes to present antigen to naïve T lymphocytes & induce the immune response.
Although initially the RNA vaccination was administered alone, due to its unstable and easily degradable nature, it was found to be quite less effective, which led it to be used in combination with some stability enhancers’ viz. RNA packaging in liposomes. They not only increased its stability, but even worked as active immune stimulators as well. RNA could remain stable. Although it showed significant promise in cancer treatment, immune suppression was noticed after vaccination. To enhance the effectiveness it is now being used in combination with few drugs viz. SUNITINIB which can reduce the suppressive effect of suppressor cells. It might be a good choice for combined therapy with RNA vaccine.
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A Review Paper on Single Area and Two Area Interconnected Power System using Pid Controller in Load Frequency Control

The main frequency control objective is that to regulate the load of receiving, generating and distributing end within generator via interconnected system. It is stimulated through MATLAB. In this we use time domain simulations to prove the scalability in 3 area interconnected Also to control the performance of two and three area network with or without deregulated power system. The main idea to minimize the oscillations throughout the load.[1] To compensate this power imbalance, an external Battery system is incorporated. Oscillations due to large frequency can be damped by devices such as Battery systems and load disturbances also. The sudden changes inpower devices calm down by battery . Thisreview paper presents the qualitative and quantitative comparison of controllers in an conventional way and Battery system in LFC to a typical interconnected power system. The verstality of the performance of BES over conventional controllers is highlighted.[2

APPLIED ASPECT OF PRAKRITI SAMASAVETA AND VIRITIVISAMASAVETA SIDDHANTA

The ancient Indian science of life, Ayurveda has successfully thrived since its inception till today due to its strong foundation in the form of basic principle. Ayurveda consists of not only science but also the philosophy. Ayurveda has evolved with the inputs from the then existing philosophical thoughts and has modified so as to suit its purpose. Philosophy in Ayurveda indicates the love for truth and truth in Ayurveda is the pure existence of a person. To know a science properly one should have the thorough knowledge of all the fundaments. Acharyas also states that one who wants to comprehend the science completely needs to take the help of the basic science which existed during the time when Ayurveda was evolved. There are many fundaments in Ayurvedic literature till to be proved and to know its practical utility. Prakriti samasamaveta and Vikriti visamasamaveta are the two siddhanta given by Acharya Charak while describing relation between Rasa-Dravya and Dosha-Vyadhi. This study is carried out with a view to know the applicability of this siddhanta in treatment purpose

TRIKATU CHURNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM

Thyroid disease especially Hypothyroidism is one of the commonest endocrine disorders worldwide and its prevalence of is increasing day by day. In allopathic system hypothyroidism is managed by replacement therapy with L-thyroxin which appears effective in restoring biochemical euthyroidism. However, studies continue to show problems in the management of this condition. Many patients report not feeling well with persistent symptoms despite adequate T4 replacement therapy. It has become necessary to find alternative medicine for managing hypothyroid symptoms. The main underlying pathology in Hypothyroidism is Hypometabolism in the tissues. This hypometabolism can be correlated to Mandagni in Ayurveda. Keeping this in mind we can plan the treatment of hypothyroidism in the line of treatment of Mandagni. In the treatment of Mandagni, on effective Ayurvedic formulation is Trikatu Churna. In this clinical study we have used Trikatu churna, as a dietary supplement in 30 patients from the OPD of Govt. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Guwahati, to study its potential in the management of hypothyroidism. The statistical analysis of the data in trial group with Trikatu churna showed the value at 1.86 with level of significance at 1% (p<0.10). The Result of the clinical trial signifies that Trikatu churna is effective in the management of hypothyroidism

TRANSFORMING TRANSMISSION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT FROM REACTIVE TO PROACTIVE THROUGH ELECTRIC VEHICLE FLEXIBILITY

The reduction of carbon emissions in the transportation sector will be aided by the electrification of transportation in RES-based energy systems. However, the inactive addition of electric vehicles is expected to hinder sustainability efforts owing to the rise in power consumption and the significant peak impacts of charging. The three main charging methods for Electric Vehicles (EVs) in Europe are: Smart Charging (SC), Power Charging (PC), and Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) that give varying degrees of flexibility are examined in this research. This flexibility is compared to the flexibility provided by interconnections. We depict immediate action and future planning in the power organization using the Balmorel optimization tool, and we advance the state of the art by creating new approaches to stand for battery deterioration & at-home charging. Our results show that, up to the year 2050, any rise in charging flexibility reduces system costs, modifies the energy mix, affects spot prices, and reduces CO2emissions.We quantify the reciprocal benefits of flexible charging and variable generation, which limits the economics of permanently installed batteries and causes solar energy to take the place of wind energy in passive charging. The framework that includes and lacks connection development highlights the interplay between European countries in terms of the power price framework of electric mobility. The condition of the nations with the cheapest and most decarbonizes power mix is harmed beneath the most bendable situation at the EU level, even if the best result is achieved. This necessitates an adjusted coordinating strategy at the EU level

Structural Correlates of the Temperature Sensitive Phenotype Derived from Saturation Mutagenesis Studies of CcdB

Temperature sensitive (ts) mutants are widely used to reversibly modulate protein function in vivo and to understand functions of essential genes. Despite this, little is known about the protein structural features and mechanisms responsible for generating a ts phenotype. Also, such mutants are often difficult to isolate, limiting their use. In this study, a library consisting of 75% of all possible single-site mutants of the 101-residue, homodimeric Escherichia coli toxin CcdB was constructed. Mutants were characterized in terms of their activity at two different temperatures and at six different expression levels. Of the total of 1430 single-site mutants that were screened, 231 (16%) mutants showed a ts phenotype. The bulk of these consisted of 120 ts mutants found at all 22 buried sites and 34 ts mutants at all seven active site residues involved in binding DNA gyrase. Of the remaining ts mutants, 16 were found at residues in van der Waals contact with active site residues, 36 were at partially buried residues, and 30 resulted from introduction of Pro. Thus virtually all ts mutants could be rationalized in terms of the structure of the native protein and without knowledge of folding pathways. Data were analyzed to obtain insights into molecular features responsible for the ts phenotype and to outline structure- and sequence-based criteria for designing ts mutants of any globular protein. The criteria were validated by successful prediction of ts mutants of three other unrelated proteins, TBP, T4 lysozyme, and Gal4

Mother India: the role of the maternal figure in establishing legal subjectivity

Psychoanalytic jurisprudence attempts to understand the images used by law to attract and capture the subject. In keeping with the larger psychoanalytic tradition, such theories tend to overemphasise the paternal principle. The image of law is said to be the image of the paterfamilias—the biological father, the sovereign, or God. In contrast to such theories, I would like to introduce the image of the mother and analyse its impact on the subject’s relation to law. For this purpose, I examine the history and use of the figure of Bharat Mata or Mother India and how it influences the Indian subject’s relation to law. When the subject is torn between his loyalties to the lawmaker–as–father and the nation–as–mother, who does he side with? Eschewing Greek myths and the Oedipus complex, I focus instead on Hindu mythology and the notion of an oedipal alliance to understand legal subjectivity in India. Lastly, I analyse a defining Indian political trial, the Gandhi murder trial, in which all these notions come to play and the accused justifies his decision to murder the father of the nation in the name of the motherland